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International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3....
We sought to evaluate the effect of endodontic-causative microorganisms of primary infections on mononuclear cells such as CD14, CD4, CD8, CD19 and Tregs Foxp3. Facultative anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from radicular conducts and peripheral blood samples, which were taken from patients with primary infections. Cellular cultures were performed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with and without spp. and spp. during 48, 72, and 96 h of contact in culture (concentration 5 × 10 cells/well) in a round plate bound with 48 wells. Later, PBMC was collected for analysis by flow cytometry, with the monoclonal antibodies αCD14, αCD4, αCD8, αCD19 and αFoxp3, and acquired using an FACSCanto II cytometer. The supernatant of cellular cultures was analyzed for the quantification of inflammatory cytokines. Data analysis was performed in FlowJo v10.8.2 and FCAPArray software, and statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad v5.0. software. We observed an increase in the percentage of CD14 cells in patients at different hours of cellular culture in the presence of both spp. and spp. microorganisms, compared to healthy controls. This study demonstrates the role played by the innate immune system in the pathogeny of endodontic primary infections, explaining the effects that generate the more common microorganisms in this oral pathology.
Topics: Humans; Actinomyces; Cytokines; Interleukin-12; Interleukin-8; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Monocytes; Streptococcus
PubMed: 38069174
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316853 -
BMC Nephrology Dec 2023Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis...
BACKGROUND
Growing evidence has demonstrated that patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are more likely to experience cognitive impairment than patients with non-dialysis end-stage renal disease (ESRD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the role and predictive significance of gut microbiome alterations in PD-associated cognitive impairment.
METHODS
A total of 29 non-dialysis ESRD patients and 28 PD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into subgroups according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Faecal samples were analyzed using 16 S rRNA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and MoCA scores were used to assess the degree of cognitive impairment in patients.
RESULTS
The 16 S rRNA analysis demonstrated differences in gut microbiome abundance and structure between PD and non-dialysis ESRD patients and between PD patients with cognitive impairment (PCI) and PD patients with normal cognition (PNCI). At family and genus levels, Prevotellaceae exhibited the greatest structure difference, while Lactobacillus exhibited the greatest abundance difference between PCI and PNCI. Altered microbiota abundance significantly correlated with cognitive function and serum indicators in PD. In addition, different modules related to fatty acid, lipid, pantothenate, and coenzyme A biosynthesis, and tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism were inferred from 16 S rRNA data between PCI and PNCI. Both groups could be distinguished using models based on the abundance of Lactobacillaceae (Area under curve [AUC] = 0.83), Actinomycetaceae (AUC = 0.798), and Prevotellaceae (AUC = 0.778) families and Lactobacillus (AUC = 0.848) and Actinomyces (AUC = 0.798) genera.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiome evaluation could aid early cognitive impairment diagnosis in patients undergoing PD.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cognitive Dysfunction; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Peritoneal Dialysis; Cognition
PubMed: 38053016
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03410-z -
BMC Genomics Dec 2023Actinomyces strains are commonly found as part of the normal microflora on human tissue surfaces, including the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital...
BACKGROUND
Actinomyces strains are commonly found as part of the normal microflora on human tissue surfaces, including the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Understanding the diversity and characterization of Actinomyces species is crucial for human health, as they play an important role in dental plaque formation and biofilm-related infections. Two Actinomyces strains ATCC 49340 and ATCC 51655 have been utilized in various studies, but their accurate species classification and description remain unresolved.
RESULTS
To investigate the genomic properties and taxonomic status of these strains, we employed both 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform with PE151 (paired-end) sequencing. Our analyses revealed that the draft genome of Actinomyces acetigenes ATCC 49340 was 3.27 Mbp with a 68.0% GC content, and Actinomyces stomatis ATCC 51655 has a genome size of 3.08 Mbp with a 68.1% GC content. Multi-locus (atpA, rpoB, pgi, metG, gltA, gyrA, and core genome SNPs) sequence analysis supported the phylogenetic placement of strains ATCC 51655 and ATCC 49340 as independent lineages. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and average amino acid identity (AAI) analyses indicated that both strains represented novel Actinomyces species, with values below the threshold for species demarcation (70% dDDH, 95% ANI and AAI). Pangenome analysis identified 5,731 gene clusters with strains ATCC 49340 and ATCC 51655 possessing 1,515 and 1,518 unique gene clusters, respectively. Additionally, genomic islands (GIs) prediction uncovered 24 putative GIs in strain ATCC 49340 and 16 in strain ATCC 51655, contributing to their genetic diversity and potential adaptive capabilities. Pathogenicity analysis highlighted the potential human pathogenicity risk associated with both strains, with several virulence-associated factors identified. CRISPR-Cas analysis exposed the presence of CRISPR and Cas genes in both strains, indicating these strains might evolve a robust defense mechanism against them.
CONCLUSION
This study supports the classification of strains ATCC 49340 and ATCC 51655 as novel species within the Actinomyces, in which the name Actinomyces acetigenes sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 49340 = VPI D163E-3 = CCUG 34286 = CCUG 35339 ) and Actinomyces stomatis sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 51655 = PK606 = CCUG 33930) are proposed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Actinomyces; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, DNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mouth; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleotides; DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 38049764
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09831-2 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Nov 2023Cyclodipeptide (CDP) composed of two amino acids is the simplest cyclic peptide. These two amino acids form a typical diketopiperazine (DKP) ring by linking each other... (Review)
Review
Cyclodipeptide (CDP) composed of two amino acids is the simplest cyclic peptide. These two amino acids form a typical diketopiperazine (DKP) ring by linking each other with peptide bonds. This characteristic stable ring skeleton is the foundation of CDP to display extensive and excellent bioactivities, which is beneficial for CDPs' pharmaceutical research and development. The natural CDP products are well isolated from actinomycetes. These bacteria can synthesize DKP backbones with nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS). Moreover, actinomycetes could produce a variety of CDPs through different enzymatic modification. The presence of these abundant and diversified catalysis indicates that actinomycetes are promising microbial resource for exploring CDPs. This review summarized the pathways for DKP backbones biosynthesis and their post-modification mechanism in actinomycetes. The aim of this review was to accelerate the genome mining of CDPs and their isolation, purification and structure identification, and to facilitate revealing the biosynthesis mechanism of novel CDPs as well as their synthetic biology design.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biological Products; Bacteria; Diketopiperazines; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38013180
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.230068 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Two previously undescribed pyrrolizine alkaloids, named phenopyrrolizins A and B ( and ), were obtained from the fermentation broth of marine-derived sp. HU138. Their...
Two previously undescribed pyrrolizine alkaloids, named phenopyrrolizins A and B ( and ), were obtained from the fermentation broth of marine-derived sp. HU138. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HRESIMS data. The structure of was confirmed by single-crystal diffraction analysis and its racemization mechanism was proposed. The antifungal activity assay showed that could inhibit the mycelial growth of with the inhibitory rates of 18.9% and 35.9% at 20 μg/disc and 40 μg/disc, respectively.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Micromonospora; Alkaloids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 38005394
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227672 -
The Journal of Dermatology Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus constellatus; Actinomyces; Dacryocystitis; Actinomycosis
PubMed: 37997462
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17041 -
BMC Research Notes Nov 2023Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas...
The potential of shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolites as antimicrobe and antibiofilm in the treatment of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.
BACKGROUND
Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) is an Indonesian export commodity. However, it is facing a problem related to Aeromonas hydrophila, which can cause motile aeromonas septicemia (MAS) and produce biofilm formation. Problem with antibiotic resistance challenges the need of an alternative treatment. Therefore, it is important to explore a solution to treat infection and the biofilm formed by A. hydrophila.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, we used shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite 20 PM as antimicrobe and antibiofilm to treated eels infected with A. hydrophila.
RESULTS
Shallot skin powder (6.25 g 100 g feed) and Actinomycetes 20 PM metabolite (2 mL 100 g feed) were found to be effective as antimicrobe and antibiofilm agent in treating eels infected with A. hydrophila. Eel treated with antibiotic, shallot skin powder, and actinomycetes metabolite had 80%, 66%, and 73% survival rates, respectively. Other indicators such as red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased, but white blood cell count and phagocytic activity were dropped. Biofilm destruction were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy to determined antibiofilm activity of actinomycetes metabolite against biofilm of A. Hydrophila.
CONCLUSIONS
Shallot skin powder and actinomycetes metabolite were potential to treat infection of A. hydrophila in eel as an alternative treatment to antibiotics.
Topics: Animals; Anguilla; Aeromonas hydrophila; Powders; Shallots; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Biofilms; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 37946241
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06611-9 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Nov 2023In the search for novel therapeutics to combat the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis, scientists are turning to underexplored environments. Defensive mutualisms...
In the search for novel therapeutics to combat the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis, scientists are turning to underexplored environments. Defensive mutualisms between hymenopteran insects and actinomycetes represent important reservoirs for bioactive compounds. In this study, we examined the association between actinomycetes and ant-plants spanning three different ant and plant species combinations (, and ). Eight plants were sampled including four containing three containing and a single plant containing . A total of 47 actinomycetes were obtained from the sampled material, with 5, 16, and 26 isolates originating from cuticle, tissue, and nest samples, respectively. Cross-streaking tests showed that 12 out of 47 isolates inhibited bacterial pathogens. The most frequently inhibited pathogens in the cross-streaking tests were and while was the least inhibited. Among the three primary screening media used, ISP2 agar was the most suitable for secondary metabolism as more isolates exhibited antibacterial activity when grown on the medium. TFS2010 and TFS2003, which matched to (>99% similarity), were the most bioactive isolates in cross-streaking tests. TFS2010 displayed the strong antibacterial on Nutrient agar, Mueller Hinton agar, and ISP2 agar while TFS2003 only exhibited strong antibacterial activity on Nutrient agar. Furthermore, a difference in potency of extracts based on batch culture medium was noted in TFS2010 DNA was extracted from 19 isolates and followed by 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Analysis of sequence data revealed the presence of six genera, including , , , , , and , with the latter being the most abundant taxon. Among these, three isolates (PNS3002, PNS3005, and TFS3001) are likely to represent new species while one (TFS2015) is likely to be a member of a novel genus. Our work represents the first attempt to study actinomycetes from -ant mutualisms.
Topics: Animals; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Ants; Agar; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37938888
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001410 -
FEMS Microbiology Ecology Nov 2023Soil environments are inhabited by microorganisms adapted to its diversified microhabitats. The metabolic activity of individual strains/populations reflects resources...
Soil environments are inhabited by microorganisms adapted to its diversified microhabitats. The metabolic activity of individual strains/populations reflects resources available at a particular spot, quality of which may not comply with broad soil characteristics. To explore the potential of individual strains to adapt to particular micro-niches of carbon sources, a set of 331 Actinomycetia strains were collected at ten sites differing in vegetation, soil pH, organic matter content and quality. The strains were isolated on the same complex medium with neutral pH and their metabolites analyzed by UHPLC and LC-MS/MS in spent cultivation medium (metabolic profiles). For all strains, their metabolic profiles correlated with soil pH and organic matter content of the original sites. In comparison, strains phylogeny based on either 16S rRNA or the beta-subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rpoB) genes was partially correlated with soil organic matter content but not soil pH at the sites. Antimicrobial activities of strains against Kocuria rhizophila, Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were both site- and phylogeny-dependent. The precise adaptation of metabolic profiles to overall sites characteristics was further supported by the production of locally specific bioactive metabolites and suggested that carbon resources represent a significant selection pressure connected to specific antibiotic activities.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Soil; Actinomyces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Chromatography, Liquid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Phylogeny; Carbon; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 37935470
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad139 -
Fitoterapia Jan 2024Four previously undescribed angucyclinones umezawaones A-D (1-4) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Umezawaea beigongshangensis. Their structures were determined...
Four previously undescribed angucyclinones umezawaones A-D (1-4) were isolated from the liquid cultures of Umezawaea beigongshangensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical C NMR and electronic circular dichroism calculations. All compounds displayed strong inhibitory activities against indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in enzymatic assay, especially compound 2.
Topics: Tryptophan Oxygenase; Angucyclines and Angucyclinones; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 37926399
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105716