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International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024The corruption of refrigerated marine fish results in global economic losses exceeding 25 billion euros annually. However, conventional preservatives present challenges,...
The corruption of refrigerated marine fish results in global economic losses exceeding 25 billion euros annually. However, conventional preservatives present challenges, including singular functionality, potential toxicity, and high cost. In response, we developed multifunctional, safe, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly carbon dots derived from radish residues (R-CDs) by using the one-pot hydrothermal method. The surface of R-CDs is enriched with hydroxyl groups, conferring broad-spectrum antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics. R-CDs exhibited a notable 72.92 % inhibition rate on lipid peroxidation, surpassing the effectiveness of vitamin C (46 %). Additionally, R-CDs demonstrated impressive scavenging rates of 93.8 % for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals and 99.36 % for 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid-free radicals. In combating spoilage bacteria such as Aeromonas sobria and Hafnia alvei, R-CDs disrupted cell structures and influenced intracellular substance content. Importantly, co-cultivation with R-CDs showed no significant cytotoxicity. Further incorporating R-CDs into films using starch and chitosan (S/CS/R-CDs films) for efficient and convenient use in salmon fillets preservation. S/CS/R-CDs films effectively inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria, lipid oxidation, and protein decomposition in salmon fillets, thereby extending shelf life by 4 days. This combination of antioxidant and antibacterial properties in R-CDs, along with the functional films, presents a promising approach for enhancing salmon fillet preservation.
PubMed: 38897524
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133107 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2024This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide...
Synergistic effect of green synthesis magnesium oxide nanoparticles and seaweed extract on improving water quality, health benefits, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using this extract to rear water of Oreochromis niloticus, on improving culture water indices, growth performance, digestive enzyme, hemato-biochemical characters, immune, antioxidative responses, and resistance after challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with specific refer to the potential role of the mixture in vitro as resistance against three strains bacteria (Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa) and one parasite (Cichlidogyrus tilapia). The first group represented control, HGS0, whereas the other group, HGS5, HGS10, and HGS15 mL of liquid extract, as well as all groups with 7.5 μg mL MgO-NPs added to culture water of O. niloticus, for 60 days. Data showed that increasing levels at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL in to-culture water significantly enhanced growth-stimulating digestive enzyme activity and a significantly improved survival rate of O. niloticus after being challenged with A. hydrophila than in the control group. The total viability, coliform, fecal coliform count, and heavy metal in muscle partially decreased at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL than in the control group. Correspondingly, the highest positive effect on hemato-biochemical indices was noticed at levels HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. Fish noticed an improvement in immune and antioxidant indices compared to control groups partially at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. Interestingly, fish cultured in rearing water with the mixture provided downregulated the related inflammatory genes (HSP70, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-8) partially at HGS15 mL. In vitro, the mixture showed positive efficiency as an antibacterial and partially antiparasitic at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL. This study proposes utilizing a mixture of (HGS) and (MgO-NPs) with optimum levels of 10-15 mL in cultured water to improve water indices, growth, health status, and increased resistance of O. niloticus against bacterial and parasitic infection.
Topics: Animals; Magnesium Oxide; Cichlids; Disease Resistance; Water Quality; Seaweed; Fish Diseases; Plant Extracts; Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Metal Nanoparticles; Aeromonas hydrophila; Sargassum
PubMed: 38843743
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116522 -
Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) May 2024Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae,...
Aeromonas is well-recognized for causing diarrhea and post-traumatic wound infections. The most common Aeromonas species include Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae, and Aeromonas sobria. In cases of immunocompromise and malignancy, Aeromonas infections can prove fatal. Instances of deadly necrotizing fasciitis in the extremities due to Aeromonas infection have been documented. Herein, a case of previously unreported fatal retroperitoneal necrotizing fasciitis involving Aeromonas caviae in a patient with a history of gastric cancer is presented.
PubMed: 38700743
DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01716-0 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2024To enhance market demand and fish utilization, cutting processing is essential for fish. Bighead carp were cut into four primary cuts: head, dorsal, belly, and tail,...
To enhance market demand and fish utilization, cutting processing is essential for fish. Bighead carp were cut into four primary cuts: head, dorsal, belly, and tail, collectively accounting for 77.03% of the fish's total weight. These cuts were refrigerated at 4 °C for 10 days, during which the muscle from each cut was analyzed. Pseudomonas.fragi proliferated most rapidly and was most abundant in eye muscle (EM), while Aeromonas.sobria showed similar growth patterns in tail muscle (TM). Notably, EM exhibited the highest rate of fat oxidation. TM experienced the most rapid protein degradation. Furthermore, to facilitate the cutting applied in mechanical processing, a machine vision-based algorithm was developed. This algorithm utilized color threshold and morphological parameters to segment image background and divide bighead carp region. Consequently, each cut of bighead carp had a different storage quality and the machine vision-based algorithm proved effective for processing bighead carp.
Topics: Carps; Animals; Algorithms; Food Storage; Seafood; Pseudomonas; Aeromonas
PubMed: 38631209
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139280 -
Amino Acids Apr 2024In the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, researchers are exploring novel substitutes to customary antibiotics. One potential solution is the...
In the face of increasing antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture, researchers are exploring novel substitutes to customary antibiotics. One potential solution is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We aimed to design and evaluate a novel, short, and compositionally simple AMP with potent activity against various bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The resulting peptide, KK12YW, has an amphipathic nature and net charge of + 7. Molecular docking experiments disclosed that KK12YW has a strong affinity for aerolysin, a virulence protein produced by the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas sobria. KK12YW was synthesized using Fmoc chemistry and tested against a range of bacterial pathogens, including A. sobria, A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The AMP showed promising antibacterial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.89 to 917.1 µgmL and 3.67 to 1100.52 µgmL, respectively. In addition, KK12YW exhibited resistance to high temperatures and remained effective even in the presence of serum and salt, indicating its stability. The peptide also demonstrated minimal hemolysis toward fish RBCs, even at higher concentrations. Taken together, these findings indicate that KK12YW could be a highly promising and viable substitute for conventional antibiotics to combat microbial infections in aquaculture.
Topics: Animals; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Molecular Docking Simulation; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Escherichia coli; Fishes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38578302
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03388-4 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science May 2024Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and...
Pharmacokinetic behaviour and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of doxycycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after intravascular, intramuscular and oral administrations.
OBJECTIVE
Doxycycline (DO) has been used in fish for a long time, but there are some factors that have not yet been clarified regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the PK and PK/PD targets of DO after 20 mg/kg intravascular (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (OR) gavage administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
METHODS
Plasma samples were collected at specific time points and subsequently analysed by HPLC-ultraviolet. The PK/PD indices were calculated based on the MIC (Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria) values obtained for the respective bacteria and the PK parameters obtained for DO following both IM and OR administration.
RESULTS
After IV administration, the elimination half-life (t ), area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC), apparent volume of distribution at steady-state and total body clearance of DO were 34.81 h, 723.82 h µg/mL, 1.24 L/kg and 0.03 L/kg/h, respectively. The t of the DO was found to be 37.39 and 39.78 h after IM, and OR administration, respectively. The bioavailability was calculated 57.02% and 32.29%, respectively, after IM and OR administration. The MIC of DO against A. hydrophila and A. sobria was 4 µg/mL. The PK/PD integration showed that DO (20 mg/kg dose) for A. hydrophila and A. sobria with MIC ≤4 µg/mL achieved target AUC/MIC value after IM administration.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that when rainbow trout was treated with 20 mg/kg IV and IM administered DO, therapeutically effective concentrations were reached in the control of infections caused by A. hydrophila and A. sobria.
Topics: Animals; Doxycycline; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Administration, Oral; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38520701
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1419 -
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins Mar 2024The demands of intensified aquaculture production and escalating disease prevalence underscore the need for efficacious probiotic strategies to enhance fish health. This...
The demands of intensified aquaculture production and escalating disease prevalence underscore the need for efficacious probiotic strategies to enhance fish health. This study focused on isolating and characterising potential probiotics from the gut microbiota of the emerging aquaculture species jade perch (Scortum barcoo). Eighty-seven lactic acid bacteria and 149 other bacteria were isolated from the digestive tract of five adult jade perch. The screening revealed that 24 Enterococcus hirae isolates inhibited the freshwater pathogens Aeromonas sobria and Streptococcus iniae. Co-incubating E. hirae with the host gut suspensions demonstrated a two- to five-fold increase in the size of growth inhibition zones compared to the results when using gut suspensions from tilapia (a non-host), indicating host-specificity. Genome analysis of the lead isolate, E. hirae R44, predicted the presence of antimicrobial compounds like enterolysin A, class II lanthipeptide, and terpenes, which underlay its antibacterial attributes. Isolate R44 exhibited desirable probiotic characteristics, including survival at pH values within the range of 3 to 12, bile tolerance, antioxidant activity, ampicillin sensitivity, and absence of transferable antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors commonly associated with hospital Enterococcus strains (IS16, hylEfm, and esp). This study offers a foundation for sourcing host-adapted probiotics from underexplored aquaculture species. Characterisation of novel probiotics like E. hirae R44 can expedite the development of disease mitigation strategies to support aquaculture intensification.
PubMed: 38498111
DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10244-0 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology May 2024This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth,...
Dietary effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Allium sativum on growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance of Oreochromis niloticus to Aeromonas sobria.
This study investigated the benefits of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or garlic, Allium sativum supplementation in diets of Nile tilapia with regard to growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal histoarchitecture, expression of growth- and immune-related genes, and resistance to Aeromonas sobria infection. Fish (with an initial weight of 9.43 ± 0.08 g) were allocated to twelve hapas, organized into four triplicate treatment groups defined as control (no supplementation), yeast (4 g/kg diet), garlic (30 g/kg diet), and a mixture of both. This trial continued over a 60-day feeding period. Results revealed that combined treatment (yeast + garlic) demonstrated the most promising outcomes regarding growth, with significantly higher final body weights, weight gains, and specific growth rates compared to other groups. Moreover, this combination enhanced hepatic antioxidant status, as evidenced by elevated levels of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, reflecting improved defense against oxidative stress. Histological assessments of the livers and intestines demonstrated structural enhancements in yeast and garlic treatments, suggesting improvements in organ health. In comparison to the control, the gene expression analyses unveiled increased expression of growth-related (igf-1 and ghr1) and immune-related (il-10, lyz, and hep) genes in the test groups, indicating a possible reinforcement of the growth and immune responses. The combined treatment also showed the highest resistance to A. sobria infection, as evidenced by improved survival rates and lower mortality compared with the other groups. These findings highlight the benefits of a combination of both yeast and garlic as a dietary supplementation regimen. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combined treatment regimen could be considered an effective strategy to promote the health and productivity of Nile tilapia under production conditions.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Garlic; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Dietary Supplements; Cichlids; Diet; Liver; Intestines; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases; Disease Resistance; Aeromonas
PubMed: 38461877
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109493 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Mar 2024The dietary effects of the green microalga Tetraselmis suecica (TS) on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune and antioxidant responses, genes expression, and disease...
Dietary effects of microalga Tetraselmis suecica on growth, antioxidant-immune activity, inflammation cytokines, and resistance of Nile tilapia fingerlings to Aeromonas sobria infection.
The dietary effects of the green microalga Tetraselmis suecica (TS) on the growth, digestive enzymes, immune and antioxidant responses, genes expression, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings were investigated. This microalga was mixed with the diet' ingredients at doses of 0.0 (the control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg diet and then fed to fish daily for 84 days. After the feeding trial, fish were experimentally challenged with Aeromonas sobria, infection and fish mortalities were recorded for another 10 days. Dietary TS significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced growth, digestive enzymes activities, and blood proteins, particularly at the level of 15 g/kg diet. Feeding the fish on 15 TS/kg feed exhibited highest mRNA expressions of GH and IGF-1 genes as well as SOD, CAT, and GPx genes compared to other TS groups. Moreover, highest levels of hepatic antioxidant and immune indices were found in the treatment of 15 g TS/kg feed. Significant downregulation of IL-1β and IL-8 genes expression and significant upregulation of IL-10 gene expression were observed in TS-fed fish, principally in fish groups fed on 15-20 g TS/kg feed. Conversely, hepatic malondialdehyde levels, blood glucose, and the activities of transaminases (ALT and AST) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in fish fed with 15-20 g TS/kg diet. Serum bactericidal activity against A. sobria was significantly higher in TS-fed fish groups, and its highest levels were found in treatments of 15-20 g/kg diet. Of interest, the survival rates of fish groups fed diets with 10-20 g TS/kg feed were higher after the challenge with A. sobria infection than the control group. Accordingly, we can conclude that supplementing fish diets with a 15 g TS/kg diet enhanced the growth, antioxidant and immune activities, and resistance of Nile tilapia fingerlings to possible A. sobria infection.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Microalgae; Cytokines; Cichlids; Diet; Inflammation; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Aeromonas
PubMed: 38054788
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13911 -
Biochimie Jun 2024A lectin was isolated from the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii by affinity chromatography using mucin-sepharose matrix. The purity of the...
A lectin was isolated from the hepatopancreas of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii by affinity chromatography using mucin-sepharose matrix. The purity of the isolated lectin was confirmed in native gradient PAGE that showed a single protein band of ∼37.9 kDa. In SDS-PAGE also one band of ∼43.3 kDa molecular weight was observed that indicated the protein to be a monomer. The band from the SDS-PAGE gel was identified through mass spectrometry as chitinase 1. The purified chitinase (50 μg/ml) hemagglutinated rabbit RBCs and, mucin and glucose inhibited hemagglutination with minimum concentrations of 0.1 mg/ml and 100 mM, respectively. Bacterial agglutination with Gram -ve Vibrio harveyi, Aeromonas sobria and Escherichia coli was also observed by this protein. Thus, chitinase 1 showed lectin-like properties besides its chitin hydrolytic activity. In western blot with hepatopancreas sample, rabbit antiserum against chitinase 1 cross-reacted to two additional proteins namely, chitinase 1C and obstructor E (a chitin-binding protein, CBP), besides its specific reactivity. An indirect ELISA was developed with the antiserum to quantify chitinases/CBP in hepatopancreas and serum samples of M. rosenbergii. The assay was used in samples from juvenile prawns following V. harveyi challenge. At 72 h post-challenge, significantly higher levels of chitinases/CBP were quantified in the hepatopancreas of the challenged group (1.8 ± 0.2 mg/g tissue) compared to the control (1.2 ± 0.1 mg/g tissue). This study suggests that the chitinase 1 protein with lectin-like properties is possibly induced at the protein level and can be putatively involved in the innate immune response of M. rosenbergii.
Topics: Animals; Chitinases; Hepatopancreas; Palaemonidae; Lectins; Rabbits; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
PubMed: 37769935
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.025