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Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2021In this study, it was determinated the essential oil of cultivated apple mint, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of against 11 fish...
In this study, it was determinated the essential oil of cultivated apple mint, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of against 11 fish pathogen bacteria including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococus salmoninarum) and Gram-negative (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria Aeromonas cavieae, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda) by using agar diffusion assay. The main component of M. suaveolence oil was obtained as piperitenone oxide. The essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory activity such as inhibition zone sizes: 30-50mm at 250-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against V. anguillarum; 16-20mm at 31.25-125 µL mL-1 concentrations against P. aeroginosa; 15-18mm at 500-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against A. sobria. However, it was found to be moderately effective against E. tarda (8-15 mm), Y. ruckeri (9-12mm), S. warneri (9-10mm), V. salmoninarum (9mm) and Staphylococcus sp. (8-9mm). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against A. cavieae (5-8), A. hydrophila (6-7mm), L. garvieae (5-7mm). Thus, effect of essential oil of M. suaveolens on immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum, A. sobria and P. aeroginosa should be investigated in vivo in cultured fish species in future studies.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fish Diseases; Lactococcus; Mentha; Oils, Volatile; Staphylococcus; Vibrio
PubMed: 34468488
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190478 -
Journal of Wildlife Diseases Oct 2021The Lake Titicaca frog is endangered due to threats such as water pollution, introduced species, and overharversting for markets, where people consume them as frog...
The Lake Titicaca frog is endangered due to threats such as water pollution, introduced species, and overharversting for markets, where people consume them as frog juice. This study, conducted June to November 2012, aimed to determinate the bacteria microflora living on the skin of frogs confiscated from the La Parada market, Lima, Peru, and housed individually in the Laboratory of Wildlife at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnic of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru. Samples collected with sterile swabs and cultured on blood, tryptic soy, and MacConkey agars were investigated using commercially available test kits, to investigate the commonly encountered bacterial and potentially zoonotic microorganisms associated with their consumption. We found three species of zoonotic concern in the genus Vibro: Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibro cholerae, and Vibro fluvialis. Other Gram-negative species cultured included two different colonies of Aeromonas hydrophila, or Aeromonas caviae or Aeromonas sobria; Pseudomona luteola; one example of Weeksella virosa or Empedobacter brevis; and Citrobacter freundii. Gram-positive bacteria detected were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. We recommend against the consumption of this frog due to the pathogens it may carry that could cause serious illness among consumers and in vendors who handle animals.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Animals; Anura; Humans; Lakes; Peru; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 34424988
DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00076 -
PloS One 2021Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with malignant hematologic diseases diagnosed with Aeromonas sobria bacteremia and to evaluate whether the type of bacteremia, community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) or HAB, is associated with mortality.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pediatric and adult patients between January 2000 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared between CAB and HAB. Additionally, we stratified based on age group. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients (median age 24 years) were identified; 23 (62%) had HAB and 14 (38%) had CAB. Overall, the most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (41%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 12/15, 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8/22, 36%) were the primary hematologic malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. CAB patients had worse overall survival (OS) rates at 30 days in all (43% versus HAB 91%, p = 0.006) and adult patients (30% versus HAB 92%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis found that quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CAB were statistically significant factors associated with mortality. Low antimicrobial-resistant was noted, except for ciprofloxacin (n = 5/37, 14%).
CONCLUSION
Our study found a worse OS among patients with hematologic malignancies and CAB by Aeromonas sobria. Our results suggest that patients with CAB present with a worse disease severity. These findings should aid clinicians to determine the survival prognosis in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Peru; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34379680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255910 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Sep 2021King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bite is well-known for its potentially fatal neurotoxicity. However, fatalities still occur, despite specific antivenom and respiratory...
King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bite is well-known for its potentially fatal neurotoxicity. However, fatalities still occur, despite specific antivenom and respiratory support. Cardiovascular disturbances, which have attracted little attention in published reports of O. hannah envenoming, could contribute to fatality. We present two cases of confirmed O. hannah envenoming in Southern Vietnam in which there were cardiac abnormalities including arrhythmias and electrocardiographic changes, as well as elevated markers of myocardial damage. Cardiac pacing was required. One patient developed critical multi-organ dysfunctions partly explained by extensive necrotizing fasciitis/myositis originating from an Aeromonas sobria wound infection. This resulted in rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute kidney injury. Specific antivenom reversed neurotoxic effects of envenoming. Additional therapeutic interventions included antibiotics, surgical debridement, continuous renal replacement therapy and therapeutic plasma exchange. Both patients eventually made full recoveries. Apart from the critical problem of rapidly evolving and severe neurotoxicity, our case reports also emphasises the risk of cardiotoxic envenoming, and the complications of an overwhelming secondary bacterial wound infection. We suggest a practical approach to diagnosis and management.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Elapid Venoms; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Ophiophagus hannah; Vietnam
PubMed: 34302855
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.007 -
Food Safety (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2021Colistin (CST) is considered the last resort for the treatment of infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since the r-1 gene has been reported in...
Colistin (CST) is considered the last resort for the treatment of infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since the r-1 gene has been reported in isolated from food, animals, and humans in China, the prevalence of CST-resistant bacteria has been of great concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence of CST resistance and plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance genes () in gram-negative bacteria isolated among retail meats in Japan. CST-resistant bacteria were isolated from 310 domestic retail meats (103 chicken meat, 103 pork, and 104 beef) purchased between May 2017 and July 2018 from retail shops in Japan using CST-containing media and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The gene was investigated in isolates with a CST minimum inhibitory concentration of ≥1 μg/mL. Excluding the intrinsically CST-resistant isolates, CST-resistant bacteria were isolated from 39 of the total chicken meats (37.9%), 19 of the pork samples (18.4%), and 18 of the beef samples (17.3%). A total of 459 isolates were identified, out of which 99 were CST-resistant. CST resistance (resistance breakpoints: , >4 μg/mL; others, >2 μg/mL) was found in spp. (48/206, 23.3%), spp. (5/112, 4.5%), (23/39, 59%), spp. (4/26, 15.4%), spp. (2/23, 8.7%), spp. (2/16, 12.5%), spp. (7/14, 50%), spp. (1/8, 12.5%), spp. (5/7, 71.4%), spp. (1/4, 25%), and spp. (1/2, 50%). The gene was detected in 16 isolates: -1 in 14 isolates of from 10 chicken samples (9.7%), and -3 in two isolates of from pork and chicken samples (each 1.0%). The findings of this study highlight the necessity of surveillance of CST resistance and resistance genes in bacteria that contaminate retail meats.
PubMed: 34249589
DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00002 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Jun 2021We investigated the cases with Aeromonas bacteremia in terms of clinical and microbiological characteristics, underlying disease and mortality rates. Patients with...
We investigated the cases with Aeromonas bacteremia in terms of clinical and microbiological characteristics, underlying disease and mortality rates. Patients with positive blood cultures were included in this research. Aeromonas bacteremia was diagnosed as at least one positive blood culture for Aeromonas species. The bacteremia was defined as community origin if the onset was in the community or within 72 hours of hospital admission. The others were considered as nosocomial. All bacteria were defined as Aeromonas with conventional method. Species identification was verified by VITEK system. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed with the disc diffusion, E-test method or VITEK system. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with bacteremia due to Aeromonas spp. Hematologic and solid tumors were the leading underlying conditions, followed by cirrhosis. Two patients (6%) had community-acquired infections. Aeromonas hydrophila was the most common isolated bacterium. The crude mortality rate was 36%. 12 patients died and 6 deaths and 4 deaths were detected in patients with bacteremia caused by A. hydrophila and Aeromonas sobria respectively. All strains were resistant to ampicillin and more than 90% of the strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, third generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Aeromonas sp. is not a frequent cause of bacteremia however, it may lead to high mortality rates, especially in the immunocompromised hosts and patients with liver cirrhosis. Nosocomial Aeromonas bacteremia is not uncommon in these populations. Broad-spectrum cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems remain as effective antimicrobial agents for therapy of Aeromonas bacteremia.
PubMed: 34156968
DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01449 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2021African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM)...
African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM) replacement in the diet and its effects on immune status, antioxidant activity, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide () gene expression, and disease resistance. A total of 150 (51.01 ± 0.34 g) were randomly distributed among five groups in triplicate. Five experimental diets were formulated to replace 0 (control), 33.5, 50, 66.5, and 100% FM with soybean and sunflower meal to form the experimental diets (R0, R33.5, R50, R66.5, and R100, respectively). After 30 days, the diet containing PP for FM had no significant impact on total, and differential leukocyte counts determined at the end of the feeding period. The total globulin concentration showed significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. The R0 group had the highest concentration of serum γ-globulin, while R100 had the lowest concentration. The antioxidant status complements 3 (C3), lysozyme activity (LYZ), and antiprotease activity were not significantly different between R0, R33.5, and R50 groups, while they were significantly lower in R100. The serum nitric oxide activity (NO) exhibited significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. was significantly higher in the R33.5 group. The highest cumulative mortality caused by was recorded in the R100 group (60%) and the lowest in the R0 group (30%). In conclusion, the results indicate that the immunological responses and antioxidant status of were not affected when they consumed a diet with FM replaced by up to 50% with PP (SBM and SFM) with methionine and lysine supplementation, but total globulin, NO, and cumulative mortality were impaired with a diet containing a 100% FM replacement.
PubMed: 33922697
DOI: 10.3390/ani11051223 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Jul 2021Aeromonas species can cause gastroenteritis, soft tissue infections, hepatobiliary tract and other infections. While most reported soft tissue infections have been...
Aeromonas species can cause gastroenteritis, soft tissue infections, hepatobiliary tract and other infections. While most reported soft tissue infections have been attributed to Aeromonas hydrophila, we report a case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. Prompt and accurate diagnosis cum treatment could help save children with Aeromonas soft tissue infections from developing a bacteremia with extended morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Aeromonas; Child; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Soft Tissue Infections
PubMed: 33810916
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.012 -
Developmental and Comparative Immunology Aug 2021The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is one of the most vital components of mucosal immunity that plays a pivotal role in mediating transcytosis of polymeric...
The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is one of the most vital components of mucosal immunity that plays a pivotal role in mediating transcytosis of polymeric immunoglobulin (pIg) on epithelial surfaces for protection against invading pathogens. Herein, we cloned the full-length cDNA of Pelodiscus sinensis pIgR, designated as P. sinensis pIgR, made of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1848 bp, molecular weight of 68.2 kDa and estimated isoelectric point of 7.00. The deduced P. sinensis pIgR sequence had a leader peptide, extracellular region containing four immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig like domains), transmembrane and intracellular regions comparable with other vertebrates. P. sinensis pIgR contained four Ig like domains that corresponded with mammalian D1, D3, D4 and D5 similar with reptile and avian Ig like domains. It had 40 potential phosphorylation sites, four putative N-glycosylation sites and several motifs resembling mammalian pIgR motifs. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between P. sinensis pIgR with avian and reptile pIgRs. P. sinensis pIgR basal levels were higher in the esophagus, small intestine and intestinnum crissum than in other organs of health turtles. Intragastric delivery of LPS and Aeromonassobria led to significant upregulation of P. sinensis pIgR in tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. A polyclonal anti- P. sinensis pIgR antibody produced in rabbit reacted with the recombinant P. sinensis pIgR protein expressed in Escherichia coli in Western blot. These studies demonstrate the existence and immune response of P. sinensis pIgR to stimulation in mucosal organs in Chinese soft-shelled turtles.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Gastrointestinal Tract; Immunity, Mucosal; Lipopolysaccharides; Phylogeny; Protein Domains; Receptors, Polymeric Immunoglobulin; Turtles; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 33798618
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104072 -
Medicine Mar 2021Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing bacterial soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by significant soft tissue...
RATIONALE
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing bacterial soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by significant soft tissue destruction with associated sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is coverage with appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and emergent surgical debridement.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A previously healthy 66-year-old female presented with a deep laceration to her right, posterior calf with subsequent contamination with lake water. After the wound was irrigated and closed, the patient developed NF.
DIAGNOSIS
Laceration of the right lower extremity complicated by NF secondary to Aeromonas sobria.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient underwent emergent surgical debridements with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and negative pressure wound therapy. The lower extremity was reconstructed with split-thickness skin grafts.
OUTCOMES
The patient's initial penetrating trauma was closed in the emergency room, and the patient was discharged home with antibiotics. She returned the next day with unstable vitals and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Her condition continued to deteriorate, and she underwent serial surgical debridements. Her condition improved and was discharged home after 13 days in the hospital.
LESSONS LEARNED
Close monitoring for NF is important for tissue infections sustained in aquatic environments. Timely identification and surgical management of NF increases overall survival.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lakes; Leg; Skin Transplantation; Treatment Outcome; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 33725868
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024981