-
PloS One 2024Aeromonas spp. are the opportunistic pathogens that infect both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms. They were commonly present in aquatic environments, including...
Aeromonas spp. are the opportunistic pathogens that infect both aquatic and terrestrial homeotherms. They were commonly present in aquatic environments, including effluent, tap water, marine, river, and lake, where they are often isolated from aquatic animals, including fish, molluscs, and crustaceans. The Aeromonas infections can cause sepsis, ulcer, and other symptoms, resulting in the death of massive aquatic animals. Therefore, the prevention and control of Aeromonas is of great significance for the healthy development of aquaculture. In this study, we used modern molecular methods to enhance disease control of Aeromonas isolates from freshwater fish in Hebei Province. A total of 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates were isolated from freshwater fish farms in Hengshui, Handan, and Shijiazhuang and all 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates were sequenced for species identification. Of the 130 Aeromonas spp. isolates, 104 isolates were successfully sequenced, and BLAST analysis showed that Aeromonas veronii was predominant in freshwater fish farms in Hebei Province. In addition, 26 antibiotic resistance profiles were obtained from 102 fully cultured isolates among the 104 Aeromonas spp. isolates whose species was primarily identified, and 44 multidrug-resistant bacteria among the 102 isolates were identified using an antibiotic susceptibility test. Using the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method, 33 out of 44 multidrug-resistant isolates with 14 non-Aeromonas reference strains were selected for phylogenetic and MLST analysis, and all 33 multidrug-resistant isolates were A. veronii. A total of 30 new Sequence Types (STs) were obtained by comparing concatenated sequences (gyrB-groL-gltA-metG-ppsA-recA) on PubMLST website. Furthermore, recombination event analysis detected using RDP5 and ClonalFrameML software 42 and 49 recombination events, respectively, and 22 recombination events were validated by four or more algorithms. Since mutation and recombination events increase clonal diversity and single housekeeping gene sequence alignments are limited for identifying species, we propose the use of multiple concatenated sequence loci to increase discriminatory power. In addition, we propose that the MLST method is an appropriate technique to study and develop the resistance mechanisms of multidrug-resistant Aeromonas and to identify Aeromonas systematically in complex samples obtained from the environment.
Topics: Animals; Aeromonas; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Fishes; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fresh Water
PubMed: 38536889
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298745 -
The ISME Journal Jan 2024Intestinal microbial disturbance is a direct cause of host disease. The bacterial Type VI secretion system (T6SS) often plays a crucial role in the fitness of pathogenic...
Intestinal microbial disturbance is a direct cause of host disease. The bacterial Type VI secretion system (T6SS) often plays a crucial role in the fitness of pathogenic bacteria by delivering toxic effectors into target cells. However, its impact on the gut microbiota and host pathogenesis is poorly understood. To address this question, we characterized a new T6SS in the pathogenic Aeromonas veronii C4. First, we validated the secretion function of the core machinery of A. veronii C4 T6SS. Second, we found that the pathogenesis and colonization of A. veronii C4 is largely dependent on its T6SS. The effector secretion activity of A. veronii C4 T6SS not only provides an advantage in competition among bacteria in vitro, but also contributes to occupation of an ecological niche in the nutritionally deficient and anaerobic environment of the host intestine. Metagenomic analysis showed that the T6SS directly inhibits or eliminates symbiotic strains from the intestine, resulting in dysregulated gut microbiome homeostasis. In addition, we identified three unknown effectors, Tse1, Tse2, and Tse3, in the T6SS, which contribute to T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and pathogenesis by impairing targeted cell integrity. Our findings highlight that T6SS can remodel the host gut microbiota by intricate interplay between T6SS-mediated bacterial competition and altered host immune responses, which synergistically promote pathogenesis of A. veronii C4. Therefore, this newly characterized T6SS could represent a general interaction mechanism between the host and pathogen, and may offer a potential therapeutic target for controlling bacterial pathogens.
Topics: Type VI Secretion Systems; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Aeromonas veronii; Symbiosis; Ecosystem; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38531781
DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae053 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Mar 2024Aeromonas veronii is a very rare and highly pathogenic microorganism. We investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of endogenous endophthalmitis caused...
BACKGROUND
Aeromonas veronii is a very rare and highly pathogenic microorganism. We investigate the clinical characteristics and significance of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Aeromonas veronii in our patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 30-year-old Asian women with systemic lupus erythematosus, uremia, and hypertension developed acute infectious endophthalmitis caused by Aeromonas veronii. After emergency vitrectomy and antibiotic therapy, the clinical condition worsened requiring enucleation.
CONCLUSIONS
Aeromonas veronii can cause infection in the human eye, which can manifest as acute endophthalmitis. Early diagnosis and targeted therapy are important for successful treatment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Aeromonas veronii; Endophthalmitis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Vitrectomy; Aeromonas; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38504363
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04412-7 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2024Although elasmobranchs are consumed worldwide, bacteriological assessments for this group are still sorely lacking. In this context, this study assessed bacteria of...
AIMS
Although elasmobranchs are consumed worldwide, bacteriological assessments for this group are still sorely lacking. In this context, this study assessed bacteria of sharks and rays from one of the most important landing ports along the Rio de Janeiro coast.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Bacteria were isolated from the cloacal swabs of the sampled elasmobranchs. They were cultured, and Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Enterobacterales were isolated and identified. The isolated bacteria were then biochemically identified and antimicrobial susceptibility assays were performed. Antigenic characterizations were performed for Salmonella spp. and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were performed to identify Escherichia coli pathotypes. Several bacteria of interest in the One Health context were detected. The most prevalent Enterobacterales were Morganella morganii and Citrobacter freundii, while Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fluvialis were the most prevalent among Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas allosacharophila and Aeromonas veronii bv. veronii were the most frequent among Aeromonas spp. Several bacteria also displayed antimicrobial resistance, indicative of Public Health concerns. A total of 10% of Vibrio strains were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 40% displayed intermediate resistance to cefoxitin. Salmonella enterica strains displayed intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and streptomycin. All V. cholerae strains were identified as non-O1/non-O139. The detected E. coli strains did not exhibit pathogenicity genes. This is the first study to perform serology assessments for S. enterica subsp. enterica isolated from elasmobranchs, identifying the zoonotic Typhimurium serovar. Salmonella serology evaluations are, therefore, paramount to identify the importance of elasmobranchs in the epidemiological salmonellosis chain.
CONCLUSIONS
The detection of several pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria may pose significant Public Health risks in Brazil, due to high elasmobranch consumption rates, indicating the urgent need for further bacteriological assessments in this group.
Topics: Animals; Escherichia coli; Sharks; Brazil; Salmonella; Vibrio cholerae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aeromonas
PubMed: 38486350
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae068 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2024The premise that pathogen colonized microplastics (MPs) can promote the spread of pathogens has been widely recognized, however, their role in the colonization of...
The premise that pathogen colonized microplastics (MPs) can promote the spread of pathogens has been widely recognized, however, their role in the colonization of pathogens in a host intestine has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on the colonization levels of Aeromonas veronii, a typical aquatic pathogen, in the loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) intestine. Multiple types of MPs were observed to promote the intestinal colonization of A. veronii, among which PS-MPs exhibited the most significant stimulating effect (67.18% increase in A. veronii colonization). PS-MPs inflicted serious damage to the intestinal tracts of loaches and induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The abundance of certain intestinal bacteria with resistance against A. veronii colonization decreased, with Lactococcus sp. showing the strongest colonization resistance (73.64% decline in A. veronii colonization). Fecal microbiota transplantation was performed, which revealed that PS-MPs induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis was responsible for the increased colonization of A. veronii in the intestine. It was determined that PS-MPs reshaped the intestinal microbiota community to attenuate the colonization resistance against A. veronii colonization, resulting in an elevated intestinal colonization levels of A. veronii.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Polystyrenes; Plastics; Aeromonas veronii; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Intestines
PubMed: 38461664
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133976 -
Microbial Genomics Mar 2024spp. are associated with a number of infectious syndromes in humans including gastroenteritis and dysentery. Our understanding of the genetic diversity, population...
spp. are associated with a number of infectious syndromes in humans including gastroenteritis and dysentery. Our understanding of the genetic diversity, population structure, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of the genus has been limited by a lack of sequenced genomes linked to metadata. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole genome sequences of 447 isolates from children in Karachi, Pakistan, with moderate-to-severe diarrhoea (MSD) and from matched controls without diarrhoea that were collected as part of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS). Human-associated isolates exhibited high species diversity and extensive antimicrobial and virulence gene content. , , and were all significantly associated with MSD in at least one cohort group. The and genes that encode components of polar and lateral flagella, respectively, exhibited a weak association with isolates originating from cases of gastroenteritis.
Topics: Child; Humans; Aeromonas; Genomics; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Anti-Infective Agents; Genetic Variation
PubMed: 38451244
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001211 -
Food Microbiology Jun 2024Aeromonas veronii is associated with food spoilage and some human diseases, such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic septicemia or asymptomatic and even death....
Aeromonas veronii is associated with food spoilage and some human diseases, such as diarrhea, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic septicemia or asymptomatic and even death. This research investigated the mechanism of the growth, biofilm formation, virulence, stress resistance, and spoilage potential of Bacillus subtilis lipopeptide against Aeromonas veronii. Lipopeptides suppressed the transmembrane transport of Aeromonas veronii by changing the cell membrane's permeability, the structure of membrane proteins, and Na/K-ATPase. Lipopeptide significantly reduced the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) by 86.03% and 56.12%, respectively, ultimately slowing Aeromonas veronii growth. Lipopeptides also restrained biofilm formation by inhibiting Aeromonas veronii motivation and extracellular polysaccharide secretion. Lipopeptides downregulated gene transcriptional levels related to the virulence and stress tolerance of Aeromonas veronii. Furthermore, lipopeptides treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in the extracellular protease activity of Aeromonas veronii, which restrained the decomposing of channel catfish flesh. This research provides new insights into lipopeptides for controlling Aeromonas veronii and improving food safety.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Aeromonas veronii; Bacillus subtilis; Ictaluridae; Biofilms; Lipopeptides; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Fish Diseases; Aeromonas
PubMed: 38431332
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104489 -
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Jun 2024During Egypt's hot summer season, Aeromonas veronii infection causes catastrophic mortality on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus farms. Egypt is ranked first in...
OBJECTIVE
During Egypt's hot summer season, Aeromonas veronii infection causes catastrophic mortality on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus farms. Egypt is ranked first in aquaculture production in Africa, sixth in aquaculture production worldwide, and third in global tilapia production. This study aimed to investigate, at the molecular level, the early innate immune responses of Nile Tilapia to experimental A. veronii infection.
METHODS
The relative gene expression, co-expression clustering, and correlation of four selected immune genes were studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in four organs (spleen, liver, gills, and intestine) for up to 72 h after a waterborne A. veronii challenge. The four genes studied were nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), natural killer-lysin (NKL), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).
RESULT
The four genes showed significant transcriptional upregulation in response to infection. At 72 h postchallenge, the highest NOD1 and IL-1β expression levels were recorded in the spleen, whereas the highest LBP and NKL expression levels were found in the gills. Pairwise distances of the data points and the hierarchical relationship showed that NOD1 clustered with IL-1β, whereas LBP clustered with NKL; both genes within each cluster showed a significant positive expression correlation. Tissue clustering indicated that the responses of only the gill and intestine exhibited a significant positive correlation.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that NOD1, LBP, NKL, and IL-1β genes play pivotal roles in the early innate immune response of Nile Tilapia to A. veronii infection, and the postinfection expression profile trends of these genes imply tissue-/organ-specific responses and synchronized co-regulation.
Topics: Animals; Fish Diseases; Cichlids; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Aeromonas veronii; Immunity, Innate; Gene Expression Regulation; Fish Proteins; Transcriptome
PubMed: 38425180
DOI: 10.1002/aah.10214 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024spp. are environmental bacteria able to infect animals and humans. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of biofilms in persistence in freshwater. were isolated from...
spp. are environmental bacteria able to infect animals and humans. Here, we aim to evaluate the role of biofilms in persistence in freshwater. were isolated from water and biofilm samples and identified by Vitek-MS and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined according to EUCAST, and a crystal violet assay was used to assess biofilm assembly. MTT and the enumeration of colony-forming units were used to evaluate biofilm and planktonic susceptibility to chlorination, respectively. Identification at the species level was challenging, suggesting the need to improve the used methodologies. Five different species (, , , and ) were identified from water, and one species was identified from biofilms (). and presented resistance to different antibiotics, whith the highest resistance rate observed for (multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.25). Of the 21 isolates, 11 were biofilm producers, and 10 of them were strong biofilm producers (SBPs). The SBPs presented increased tolerance to chlorine disinfection when compared with their planktonic counterparts. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying biofilm tolerance to chlorine and support the importance of preventing biofilm assembly in water reservoirs, further research is required.
PubMed: 38391552
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020166 -
Cureus Jan 2024-associated ulcerative colitis flare is sparsely reported in the literature but is a treatable condition with antibiotics including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole...
-associated ulcerative colitis flare is sparsely reported in the literature but is a treatable condition with antibiotics including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), fluoroquinolones, and second/third-generation cephalosporins. We report a case of a patient with long-standing ulcerative colitis (UC), who presented with bloody stools, fatigue, and oliguria that did not respond to standard regimen including steroids. The lab finding was significant for leukocytosis and anemia. was cultured in the stool specimens. The patient was started on ciprofloxacin with marked improvement of symptoms on the second day of initiation of the antibiotic. Although rare, a possible Aeromonas infection should be suspected in patients presenting with a flare of ulcerative colitis. A prompt initiation of treatment can provide rapid improvement in clinical status of these patients.
PubMed: 38344629
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52010