-
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2019Vitamin C (Vit C) is an important physiological antioxidant with growing applications in cancer. Somatostatin (SST) is a natural peptide with growth inhibitory effect in...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin C (Vit C) is an important physiological antioxidant with growing applications in cancer. Somatostatin (SST) is a natural peptide with growth inhibitory effect in several mammary cancer models.
OBJECTIVE
The combined effects of SST and Vit C supplementation have never been studied in breast cancer cells so far.
METHODS
We used MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells incubated with SST for 24h, in the absence and presence of Vit C, at their EC50 concentrations, to evaluate membrane fatty acid-profiles together with the follow-up of EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways.
RESULTS
The two cell lines gave different membrane reorganization: in MCF-7 cells, decrease of omega-6 linoleic acid and increase of omega-3 fatty acids (Fas) occurred after SST and SST+Vit C incubations, the latter also showing significant increases in MUFA, docosapentaenoic acid and mono-trans arachidonic acid levels. In MDA-MB231 cells, SST+Vit C incubation induced significant membrane remodeling with an increase of stearic acid and mono-trans-linoleic acid isomer, diminution of omega-6 linoleic, arachidonic acid and omega-3 (docosapentaenoic and docosadienoic acids). Distinct signaling pathways in these cell lines were studied: in MCF-7 cells, incubations with SST and Vit C, alone or in combination significantly decreased EGFR and MAPK signaling, whereas in MDA-MB231 cells, SST and Vit C incubations, alone or combined, decreased p- P44/42 MAPK levels, and increased EGFR levels.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that SST and Vit C can be combined to induce membrane fatty acid changes, including lipid isomerization through a specific free radical-driven process, influencing signaling pathways.
Topics: Arachidonic Acids; Ascorbic Acid; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Extracts; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Lipids; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Phospholipids; Signal Transduction; Somatostatin; Stearic Acids
PubMed: 31566138
DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190930130732 -
BMC Complementary and Alternative... Feb 2019Borrelia sp. is a causative pathogen of Lyme disease which has become a worldwide health concern. Non-toxic approaches especially directed toward latent persistent forms...
BACKGROUND
Borrelia sp. is a causative pathogen of Lyme disease which has become a worldwide health concern. Non-toxic approaches especially directed toward latent persistent forms of this pathogen are desired. Lipids in the form of volatile and non-volatile oils, and fatty acids with proven anti-borreliae efficacy could become an additional support or an alternative for consideration in treatment approaches.
METHODS
In this study we investigated 47 lipids (30 volatile and non-volatile oils, and 17 fatty acids) of plant and animal origin against typical motile, knob/round-shaped persisters, and biofilm-like aggregates of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. and Borrelia garinii, which are identified as pathogenic factors of Lyme disease in the USA and Europe, using direct microscopic counting and spectrofluorometric measurements.
RESULTS
Out of all examined lipids, 5 oils (Bay leaf oil, Birch oil, Cassia oil, Chamomile oil German, and Thyme oil) at or below 0.25%, and 3 fatty acids (13Z,16Z Docosadienoic acid, erucic acid, and petroselinic acid) at or below 0.75 mg/ml, showed bactericidal activity against typical motile spirochetes and knob/round-shaped persisters. Only Bay leaf oil and Cassia oil, including their major constituents, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, showed to target biofilm-like aggregates of both tested Borrelia spp. at the same concentration, although with 20-30% eradication mark.
CONCLUSION
Based on obtained results, volatile oils were more potent than non-volatile oils, and unsaturated fatty acids were more effective than saturated fatty acids. Among all tested oils, Bay leaf oil and Cassia oil, with their major components eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, seem to have the highest anti-borreliae efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Borrelia; Fatty Acids; Microbial Viability; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils
PubMed: 30717726
DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2450-7 -
Bioscience Trends Mar 2019The current study determined the structure of a hemolytic compound found in an extract from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus when its pH...
The current study determined the structure of a hemolytic compound found in an extract from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus when its pH was lowered. The hemolytic compound was purified using the modified Bligh and Dyer method followed by chromatography using reversed phase and silica gel columns. Structural analyses of the purified hemolytic compound were performed using NMR and ESI-MS. The deduced structure indicated a trans,trans-5,8-docosadienoic acid calcium salt. Although numerous proteinous hemolysins from various mushrooms have been described, the current study is the first to report on a low-molecular-weight hemolytic compound derived from an H. marmoreus extract.
Topics: Agaricales; Animals; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fruiting Bodies, Fungal; Hemolytic Agents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 30700653
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01008 -
Metabolites Oct 2018Brain is a lipid-rich tissue, and fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in brain function, including neuronal cell growth and development. This study used GC-MS to...
Brain is a lipid-rich tissue, and fatty acids (FAs) play a crucial role in brain function, including neuronal cell growth and development. This study used GC-MS to survey all detectable FAs in the human parietal cortex (Brodmann area 7). These FAs were accurately quantified in 27 cognitively normal age-matched controls, 16 cases of moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), 30 severe AD, and 14 dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). A total of 24 FA species were identified. Multiple comparison procedures, using stepdown permutation tests, noted higher levels of 13 FAs but the majority of changes were in moderate AD and DLB, rather than severe AD. Subjects with moderate AD and DLB pathology exhibited significantly higher levels of a number of FAs (13 FAs and 12 FAs, respectively). These included nervonic, lignoceric, -13,16-docosadienoic, arachidonic, -11,14,17-eicosatrienoic, erucic, behenic, α-linolenic, stearic, oleic, -10-heptanoic, and palmitic acids. The similarities between moderate AD and DLB were quite striking-arachidic acid was the only FA which was higher in moderate AD than control, and was not similarly affected in DLB. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between moderate AD and DLB. The associations between each FA and a number of variables, including diagnosis, age, gender, Aβ plaque load, tau load, and frontal tissue pH, were also investigated. To conclude, the development of AD or DLB pathology affects brain FA composition but, intriguingly, moderate AD neuropathology impacts this to a much greater extent. Post-mortem delay is a potential confounding factor, but the findings here suggest that there could be a more dynamic metabolic response in the earlier stages of the disease pathology.
PubMed: 30373213
DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040069 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Nov 2018This study was conducted to determine the effects of hazelnut drying machine (DM and DM; at 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively) and sun-drying (concrete ground and grass...
This study was conducted to determine the effects of hazelnut drying machine (DM and DM; at 45 °C and 50 °C, respectively) and sun-drying (concrete ground and grass ground) methods on the chemical properties of Tombul, Palaz, and Ordu Levant hazelnuts. For this purpose, protein, lipid and moisture content, water activity, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), rancimat value (RV) and fatty acid composition were analyzed. As expected, it was observed that monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was the main fatty acid group (81.58-84.80%) followed by polyunsaturated (PUFA; 9.53-11.42%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA; 5.87-6.92%), and the major group constituted ~ 99.00% of the total fatty acids, whereas the minor group constituted ~ 0.5% of these acids. However, caproic (C6: 0), caprylic (C8: 0), capric (C10: 0), lauric (C12: 0), eicosadienoic (20: 2), erucic (22: 1), docosadienoic (22: 2), and lignoceric (C24: 0) fatty acids were below limit of detection (< 0.001%). Samples dried in DM and DM had more MUFA (84.49%, 84.80, respectively), and lower SFA and PUFA than those using sun-drying methods. Following the drying process, the lowest FFA and PV (0.04-0.17%, 0.00-0.27 meq O kg, respectively) and the highest RV (5.46-6.05 h) were recorded in the DM method. Furthermore, it was also observed that as the heat increased (DM and DM; 45-50 °C, respectively), oleic/linoleic acidity ratio, FFA, and PV increased and iodine value and RV decreased. Therefore, DM was thought to be a promising method for hazelnut drying.
PubMed: 30333652
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3391-8 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2018The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) based on essential oils such as carvacrol, thymol and cinnamic aldehyde, could be...
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) based on essential oils such as carvacrol, thymol and cinnamic aldehyde, could be considered a replacement for antimicrobials used as growth promoters in broiler chickens, as well as to investigate its effect on total bacterial count, biochemical profiles, meat quality and meat fatty acid profile. A total of 240 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 15 animals each, as follow: T1 (basal diet only; the control group), T2 (basal diet supplemented with zinc bacitracin), T3 (basal diet with 0.5% of the PFA), T4 (basal diet with 1.0% of the PFA). The addition of 0.5% of the PFA improved live body weight of supplemented birds compared to the control group at 35 and 42 days of age, while the total bacterial count in the environment was reduced when 1.0% of the PFA was used. In addition, intestinal villi height and crypt depth suffered variations during the entire experiment in birds treated with both concentrations of the PFA and zinc bacitracin. Total erythrocyte counts were higher on days 14, 28 and 42 in both treated groups (PFA) compared to the control group, as well as hemoglobin content on days 28 and 42. On the other hand, leukocyte counts were lower on days 14, 28 and 42 due to reduced lymphocyte counts in both PFA treated groups compared to the control group. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were lower in broilers fed with either concentration of PFA on day 14 of life, and the same was observed regarding aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in broiler treated with 0.5% of the PFA. Also, total protein and globulin levels were lower on days 14 and 28 in groups fed with phytogenic compared to the control group. Regarding meat quality, breast meat showed higher red intensity and shear force in groups fed with both concentrations of phytogenic compared to the control group, while weight loss by cooking was lower. Finally, 1.0% of phytogenic showed lower docosadienoic acid (C22:2) content in breast meat. In conclusion, results showed that the use of PFAs based on carvacrol and thymol may be considered an interesting alternative to increase broilers performance, replacing the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters, as well as an interesting alternative to reduce the total bacterial count in the environment of broiler chickens. Moreover, the diet containing phytogenic also showed hepaprotective effects but deserves attention regarding possible alterations on the immune response.
Topics: Acrolein; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bacteria; Bacterial Load; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Chickens; Cymenes; Environmental Microbiology; Food Additives; Monoterpenes; Thymol
PubMed: 30205193
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.015 -
Metabolic Engineering Sep 2018Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are well recognized for their health benefits in humans and animals. Here we report that identification and...
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are well recognized for their health benefits in humans and animals. Here we report that identification and characterization of a gene (EhELO1) encoding the first functional ELO type elongase (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase) in higher plants that is involved in the biosynthesis of two VLCPUFAs docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3) that possess potential health-promoting properties. Functional analysis of the gene in yeast indicated that this novel enzyme could elongate a wide range of polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18-22 carbons and effectively catalyze the biosynthesis of DDA and DTA by the sequential elongations of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. Seed-specific expression of this gene in oilseed crop Brassica carinata showed that the transgenic plants produced the level of DDA and DTA at approximately 30% of the total fatty acids in seeds, and the amount of the two fatty acids remained stable over four generations. The oilseed crop producing a high and sustained level of DDA and DTA provides an opportunity for high value agricultural products for nutritional and medical uses.
Topics: 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase; Brassica; Crops, Agricultural; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Plant Oils; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Ranunculaceae
PubMed: 30149205
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.08.009 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2017The lipids from gonads and polyhydroxynaphthoquinone pigments from body walls of sea urchins are intensively studied. However, little is known about the body wall (BW)...
The lipids from gonads and polyhydroxynaphthoquinone pigments from body walls of sea urchins are intensively studied. However, little is known about the body wall (BW) lipids. Ethanol extract (55 °C) contained about equal amounts of saturated (SaFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) representing 60% of total fatty acids, with myristic, palmitic and eicosenoic acids as major SaFAs and MUFAs, respectively. Non-methylene-interrupted dienes (13%) were composed of eicosadienoic and docosadienoic acids. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) included two main components, n6 arachidonic and n3 eicosapentaenoic acids, even with equal concentrations (15 μg/mg) and a balanced n6/n3 PUFA ratio (0.86). The UPLC-ELSD analysis showed that a great majority of the lipids (80%) in the ethanolic extract were phosphatidylcholine (60 μg/mg) and phosphatidylethanolamine (40 μg/mg), while the proportion of neutral lipids remained lower than 20%. In addition, alkoxyglycerol derivatives-chimyl, selachyl, and batyl alcohols-were quantified. We have assumed that the mechanism of action of body wall lipids in the present study is via the inhibition of MAPK p38, COX-1, and COX-2. Our findings open the prospective to utilize this lipid fraction as a source for the development of drugs with anti-inflammatory activity.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Cell Line; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lipids; Sea Urchins; Strongylocentrotus
PubMed: 29186813
DOI: 10.3390/md15120365 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Feb 2017Roots of Edgew from Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert known for their nutritional and medicinal attributes were evaluated for the dietary amino acids, fatty acids and...
Roots of Edgew from Indian trans-Himalayan cold desert known for their nutritional and medicinal attributes were evaluated for the dietary amino acids, fatty acids and mineral composition. Nine essential and twelve non-essential amino acids were quantified. The contents ranged between 91.33 and 1640.67 µg/g. Histidine (1434.33 µg/g), lysine (1329.33 µg/g) and threonine (1015.67 μg/g) were dominant essential amino acids, while glycine (1640.67 µg/g), proline (1263.67 µg/g), alanine (1142.33 µg/g), cystine HCL (1136.33 μg/g) and nor leucine (1038.67 μg/g) were major non essential amino acids. The total lipid was found to be rich source of saturated fatty acids such as capric acid (19.91%), caproic acid (10.87%), palmitic acid (9.42%), lignoceric acid (6.16%) and behenic acid (5.71%), which together constituted 52% of the lipid content. Linoleic acid (15.06%), oleic acid (12.38%), arachidonic acid (8.38%), linolelaidic acid (6.11%) and docosadienoic acid (5.99%) were prominent unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were 35.64% and 12.33% of the lipid content respectively. Calcium (11034.17 mg/kg), potassium (2143.25 mg/kg), iron (1441.17 mg/kg), magnesium (581.99 mg/kg), phosphorous (376.72 mg/kg) and sodium (109.75 mg/kg) were detected as the major dietary minerals.
PubMed: 28242935
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2469-4 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Feb 2017In an effort to characterize the fat body and other adipose tissue in the Nile crocodile and the effects of pansteatitis on the structure and composition of the adipose...
Histomorphology, ultrastructure and fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue in pansteatitis, the potentials in understanding the underlying mechanism and diagnosis of pansteatitis in the Nile crocodile.
BACKGROUND
In an effort to characterize the fat body and other adipose tissue in the Nile crocodile and the effects of pansteatitis on the structure and composition of the adipose tissue, we evaluated the regional variation in structure and fatty acid composition of healthy farmed crocodiles and those affected by pansteatitis.
METHODS
Adipose tissue samples were collected from the subcutaneous, visceral and intramuscular fat and the abdominal fat body of ten 4-year old juvenile crocodiles from Izinthaba Crocodile Farm, Pretoria, South Africa while pansteatitis samples were collected from visceral and intramuscular fat of crocodiles that had died of pansteatitis at the Olifant River, Mpumalanga, also in South Africa. Histomorphology, ultrastrustucture and fatty acid composition by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis were conducted.
RESULTS
Histological examination showed regional variations in the adipose tissue especially in the collagen content of the ECM, tissue perfusion and division into lobes and lobules by fibrous capsule. Considerable fibrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration especially by macrophages and lymphocytes and toxic changes in the nucleus were observed in the pansteatitis samples. Regional variation in lipid composition especially in Myristoleic (C14:1), Erucic acid (C22:1n9), and Docosadienoic acid (C22:2n6) was observed. Most of the saturated and trans fatty acids were found in significant quantities in the pansteatitis samples, but had very low levels of the cis fatty acid and the essential fatty acids with C18 backbone.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrates that there exists some regional variation in histomorphology and fatty acid composition in the healthy adipose tissue of the Nile crocodile. It also showed that pansteatitis in the Nile crocodile might have been triggered by sudden change in energy balance from consumption of dead fish; and probable exposure to toxic environmental conditions with the evidence of up scaled monounsaturated long chain fatty acids composition and toxic changes in the leucocytes observed in pansteatitis in the present study.
Topics: Alligators and Crocodiles; Animals; Fatty Acids; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Muscle, Skeletal; Organ Specificity; Steatitis; Subcutaneous Fat
PubMed: 28231818
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0405-2