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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Mar 2024Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to...
Between 2015 and 2019, a health screening was carried out annually on captive-bred snails prior to export for reintroduction as part of an international effort to repopulate areas of French Polynesia, where the snails were extinct or critically endangered. In total, 129 separate tank populations of 12 different species were screened at ZSL London Zoo. Wet mounts and smears stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) of 535 fecal samples were examined, and 45% contained flagellated protozoa, and 35.5% had MZN-positive oocysts, measuring 3-5 µm in diameter. Smaller (2 µm) presumptive spores, MZN-positive bacilli, ciliated protozoa and nematodes were recorded less frequently. Fecal bacterial culture yielded mixed species, with a clear predominance of species (88.9% of samples). The MZN-positive oocysts (3-5 µm) were present in 6.5% of impression smears from the apices of 432 snails examined postmortem, plus acid-fast bacilli in a few cases, but no 2 µm spores. Mixed bacteria were cultured from coelomic swabs, with species again the most common (63.5%). Histologic examination was carried out on 292 snails. Autolysis affected almost 90% of those found dead but only 3.4% of euthanized snails. Histology commonly identified microsporidial sporocysts in the digestive gland and midgut epithelium of all but two species. Intracellular, extracytoplasmic -like organisms were also common in the midgut but were only observed when snails were fixed in 10% formalin (2017-2019), not ethanol. There were no clear pathologic changes associated with either organism. Pigmented hemocytic nodules were commonly observed, most frequently in the foot process; these were either age related or evidence of prior chronic inflammatory reaction and of low clinical significance. With no evidence of poor health and no significant organisms found, a total of 4,978 individuals representing 12 species were exported for reintroduction.
Topics: Animals; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Bacteria; Feces; Microsporidia
PubMed: 38453485
DOI: 10.1638/2023-0077 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jan 2024Thiram, a typical fungicide pesticide, is widely used in agricultural production. The presence of thiram residues is not only due to over-utilization, but is also...
Thiram, a typical fungicide pesticide, is widely used in agricultural production. The presence of thiram residues is not only due to over-utilization, but is also primarily attributed to long-term accumulation. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of prolonged utilization of thiram at low doses on the gut microbiota, particularly with respect to gut fungi. Our objective is to explore the effect of thiram on broilers from the perspective of gut microbiota, which includes both bacteria and fungi. We developed a long-term low-dose thiram model to simulate thiram residue and employed 16 S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing to investigate the diversity and profile of gut microbiota between group CC (normal diet) and TC (normal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg thiram). The results revealed that low doses of thiram had a detrimental effect on broiler's growth performance, resulting in an approximate reduction of 669.33 g in their final body weight at day 45. Our findings indicated that low-dose thiram had a negative impact on the gut bacterial composition, leading to a notable reduction in the abundance of Merdibacter, Paenibacillus, Macrococcus, Fournierella, and Anaeroplasma (p < 0.05) compared to the CC group. Conversely, the relative level of Myroides was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in response to thiram exposure. In gut fungi, thiram significantly enhanced the diversity and richness of gut fungal populations (p < 0.05), as evidenced by the notable increase in alpha indices, i.e. ACE (CC: 346.49 ± 117.27 vs TC: 787.27 ± 379.14, p < 0.05), Chao 1 (CC: 317.63 ± 69.13 vs TC: 504.85 ± 104.50, p < 0.05), Shannon (CC: 1.28 ± 1.19 vs TC: 5.39 ± 2.66, p < 0.05), Simpson (CC: 0.21 ± 0.21 vs TC: 0.78 ± 0.34, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the abundance of Ascomycota, Kickxellomycota, and Glomeromycota were significantly increased (p < 0.05) by exposure to thiram, conversely, the level of Basidiomycota was decreased (p < 0.05) in the TC group compared to the CC group. Overall, this study demonstrated that low doses of thiram induced significant changes in the composition and abundance of gut microbiota in broilers, with more pronounced changes observed in the gut fungal community as compared to the gut bacterial community. Importantly, our findings further emphasize the potential risks associated with low dose thiram exposure and have revealed a novel discovery indicating that significant alterations in gut fungi may serve as the crucial factor contributing to the detrimental effects exerted by thiram residues.
Topics: Animals; Thiram; Chickens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fungicides, Industrial; Bacteria
PubMed: 38157796
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115879 -
Microorganisms Nov 2023The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as...
The intestinal bacteria of insects are crucial to the growth and development of the host. It has been found that various physiological processes of insects, such as immune response, metabolism, reproductive ability, and growth and development, involve the gastrointestinal flora. However, many external factors affect the composition of insects' intestinal microorganisms, such as the type of dietary substrate. (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is of great significance in medicine and forensic science. In this study, we investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin on the growth and gut microbiota of . The results demonstrated that the maximum body length of larvae was not affected by ciprofloxacin, while the growth rate of body length quickened as the concentration of the drug increased. The weight of the pupa and adult was reduced significantly due to the effect of ciprofloxacin. After analyzing the gut microbiota composition of in different drug groups, it was indicated that , , , , , and play important roles in the growth of . However, they still need to be further studied. In general, ciprofloxacin can affect the gut microbial community structure, which in turn affects the fitness of the host.
PubMed: 38138011
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122867 -
International Microbiology : the... Dec 2023The bacteria belonging to the Myroides genus are opportunistic pathogens causing community or hospital-acquired infections that result in treatment failure due to...
The bacteria belonging to the Myroides genus are opportunistic pathogens causing community or hospital-acquired infections that result in treatment failure due to antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to investigate molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, clonal relatedness, and the biofilm forming capacity of the 51 multi-drug resistant Myroides odoratimimus. All isolates were screened for bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, bla, and bla genes by using PCR amplification. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was applied on three randomly selected isolates for further investigation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Clonal relatedness was analyzed by Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the microtiter plate method was used to demonstrate biofilm formation. All isolates were positive for biofilm formation. PCR analysis resulted in a positive for only the bla gene. WGS identified bla, erm(F), ere(D), tet(X), and sul2 genes in all strains tested. Moreover, the genomic analyses of three strains revealed that genomes contained a large number of virulence factors (VFs). PFGE yielded a clustering rate of 96%. High clonal relatedness, biofilm formation, and multi-drug resistance properties may lead to the predominance of these opportunistic pathogens in hospital environments and make them cause nosocomial infections.
PubMed: 38127105
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00472-9 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2024Aquatic products are rich in nutrients and unique in flavor, and are popular among the public. However, aquatic products are extremely susceptible to quality degradation... (Review)
Review
Analysis of changes in volatile compounds and evolution in free fatty acids, free amino acids, nucleotides, and microbial diversity in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) fillets during cold storage.
BACKGROUND
Aquatic products are rich in nutrients and unique in flavor, and are popular among the public. However, aquatic products are extremely susceptible to quality degradation during storage, of which odor deterioration is the most obvious and influential aspect. Odor deterioration in aquatic products is widespread and severely affects overall flavor and quality. In this study, odor deterioration and flavor-related quality degradation of tilapia during cold storage are discussed, focusing on the changes in volatile compounds and the evolution of free fatty acids (FFAs), free amino acids (FAAs), nucleotides, and microbial diversity.
RESULTS
A total of 63 volatile compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, including 11 hydrocarbons, 10 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 6 esters, 9 aromatics, 3 phenols, and 10 other compounds. Microbial diversity analysis revealed that Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, Vagococcus, and Myroides were the main dominant species of tilapia at the end of cold storage and predicted that microorganisms could influence the flavor of tilapia by participating in important metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, the evolution of FFAs, FAAs, and nucleotides also had a significant impact on odor deterioration, as evidenced by the contribution of unsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid and linoleic acid), Lys, and off-flavor nucleotides (HxR and Hx) to the undesirable flavor. Oxidation of oleic acid and linoleic acid resulted in changes in aldehydes, with Lys, HxR, and Hx being key flavor precursors and off-flavor contributors.
CONCLUSION
This study contributes to a comprehensive overview of odor deterioration and the evolution of flavor-related quality in tilapia during cold storage, providing new insights into the regulation of overall flavor and quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Food Storage; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Amino Acids; Tilapia; Aldehydes; Linoleic Acids; Oleic Acids; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 38050785
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13188 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2023is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen known to rarely cause a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans. We report a novel case of bacteremia in a...
is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen known to rarely cause a wide range of opportunistic infections in humans. We report a novel case of bacteremia in a paraplegic patient with an extensive medical history likely due to a tunneled dialysis catheter infection that was successfully treated with levofloxacin.
PubMed: 38020519
DOI: 10.1155/2023/3089837 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2023An aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, yellow-to-orange pigmented and round bacterium, designated strain SCSIO 72103, was isolated from sediment collected in the Pearl...
An aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, yellow-to-orange pigmented and round bacterium, designated strain SCSIO 72103, was isolated from sediment collected in the Pearl River Estuary, Guangdong Province, PR China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Growth occurred at 20-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 1-5.5% NaCl (optimum, 1-3 %). Comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that strain SCSIO 72103 had the highest similarities to SNL9 (94.7 %) and SW105 (94.2 %). Phylogenetic analysis based 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SCSIO 72103 formed a single clade with SW105. Strain SCSIO 72103 contained iso-C as the major fatty acid and the predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. These characteristics are consistent with those of SNL9 and SW105. Phosphatidylethanolamine, most notably, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid were major polar lipids. Strain SCSIO 72103 had a single circular chromosome of 2.96 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 35.1 mol%. The average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values showed that the pairwise similarities between SCSIO 72103 and the type strains of SNL9 and SW105 were 78.5-80.5 %, 79.0-81.4 % and 22.7-22.8 %, respectively. The AAI values between species in this clade and the type species of and were below the 65 % threshold, indicating that these species belong to a novel genus. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain SCSIO 72103 represents a new species of a novel genus, for which the name gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SCSIO 72103 (=KCTC 92043=MCCC 1K06659). It is also proposed that nine known species in the genera and are reclassified as species.
Topics: Flavobacterium; Estuaries; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rivers; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteria, Aerobic; Amino Acids
PubMed: 37882776
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006091 -
Cureus Sep 2023spp.-induced cutaneous infections are rare, with only 17 reported cases in the literature. spp. behave like low-grade opportunistic pathogens, with symptomatic...
spp.-induced cutaneous infections are rare, with only 17 reported cases in the literature. spp. behave like low-grade opportunistic pathogens, with symptomatic infections observed typically in severely immunocompromised patients and seldom in immunocompetent patients. In this paper, we present an immunocompetent 61-year old male with a past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, morbid obesity, and patient-reported peripheral neuropathy who presented to the transitional care clinic with bilateral lower extremity swelling and hemosiderin-pigmented dry wounds consistent with diagnosis of chronic venous stasis dermatitis with resolved secondary infection. Further literature review about spp. and its resistance mechanism, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm production are also included in this paper.
PubMed: 37846255
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45319 -
Cureus Jul 2023In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin,...
In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin, urinary, and bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In recent years, multiple cases of difficult hospital management have been reported. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for the prevention and treatment of this infection. This case report presents a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a severe skin infection caused by this microorganism. This is the first case report in Peru of a severe skin infection related to bacteremia.
PubMed: 37539412
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41328 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble...
In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide), muscle glucose, lactate, total sugar, Bas (Biogenic amines), VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the microbial dynamic structure in samples stored at 4 °C were evaluated, and the relationship between VOCs and the diversity structure of microorganisms was also discussed. It was determined by sensory evaluation that the shelf life of samples was around 8 days. Protein and sugar were detected in large quantities by microorganisms in the later stage. At the same time, this also caused a large amount of Bas (biogenic amines) (tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine). According to high-throughput amplicon sequencing, the initial microbiota of samples was mainly composed of , , , , , , , and . Among them, was the most advantageous taxon of samples at the end of the shelf life. The minor fraction of the microbial consortium consisting of , and was detected. The substances 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone were the main volatile components. The glucose, lactic acid, and total sugar were negatively correlated with , , , and ; the proportion of these microorganisms was relatively high in the early stage. TVB-N and TCA-soluble peptides were positively correlated with , , , , and , and these microorganisms increased greatly in the later stage. The substance 3-methyl-1-butanol was positively correlated with and negatively correlated with . Ethyl acetate was associated with , and . Acetone was positively correlated with .
PubMed: 37444217
DOI: 10.3390/foods12132479