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Insects Jun 2023This study aimed to select the most effective culture extracts for controlling honeybee nosemosis using 342 entomopathogenic fungi of 24 species from 18 genera. The...
This study aimed to select the most effective culture extracts for controlling honeybee nosemosis using 342 entomopathogenic fungi of 24 species from 18 genera. The germination inhibitory activity of the fungal culture extract on spores was evaluated using an in vitro germination assay method. Among 89 fungal culture extracts showing germination inhibitory activity of approximately 80% or more, 44 fungal culture extracts that maintained their inhibitory activity even at a concentration of 1% were selected. Finally, the honeybee nosemosis inhibitory activity was evaluated using the cultured extracts of five fungal isolates having a inhibitory activity of approximately 60% or more, even when the extract was removed after treatment. As a result, the proliferation of spores was reduced by all fungal culture extract treatments. However, only the treatment of the culture extracts from 364 and 60 showed a reduction in honeybee mortality due to nosemosis. In particular, the extracts of these two fungal isolates also increased the survival of honeybees.
PubMed: 37367354
DOI: 10.3390/insects14060538 -
Microorganisms May 2023The main purpose of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil in batch microcosm reactors. Native soil fungi isolated from the...
The main purpose of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil in batch microcosm reactors. Native soil fungi isolated from the same petroleum-polluted soil and ligninolytic fungal strains were screened and applied in the treatment of soil-contaminated microcosms in aerobic conditions. The bioaugmentation processes were carried out using selected hydrocarbonoclastic fungal strains in mono or co-cultures. Results demonstrated the petroleum-degrading potential of six fungal isolates, namely KBR1 and KBR8 (indigenous) and KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 (exogenous). Based on the molecular and phylogenetic analysis, KBR1 and KB8 were identified as [MW699896] and [MW699895], while KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 were affiliated with the genera sp. [MZ817958], [MW699897], [MZ817957] and sp. [MW699893], respectively. The highest rate of TPH degradation was recorded in soil microcosm treatments (SMT) after 60 days by inoculation with 97 ± 2.54%, followed by bioaugmentation with the native strain (92 ± 1.83%) and then by the fungal consortium (84 ± 2.21%). The statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences.
PubMed: 37317325
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051351 -
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi = Zhongguo... May 2023Natural Cordyceps sinensis as an insect-fungal complex, which is developed after Ophiocordyceps sinensis infects a larva of Hepialidae family. Seventeen genotypes of O....
Natural Cordyceps sinensis as an insect-fungal complex, which is developed after Ophiocordyceps sinensis infects a larva of Hepialidae family. Seventeen genotypes of O. sinensis have been identified in natural C. sinensis. This paper summarized the literature reports and GenBank database regarding occurrence and transcription of the mating-type genes of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs in natural C. sinensis, in Hirsutella sinensis(GC-biased Genotype #1 of O. sinensis), to infer the mating pattern of O. sinensis in the lifecycle of natural C. sinensis. The mating-type genes and transcripts of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were identified in the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of natural C. sinensis. However, their fungal sources are unclear because of co-colonization of several genotypes of O. sinensis and multiple fungal species in natural C. sinensis. The mating-type genes of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs were differentially present in 237 H. sinensis strains, constituting the genetic control of the O. sinensis reproduction. Transcriptional control of the O. sinensis reproduction includes: differential transcription or silencing of the mating-type genes of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs, and the MAT1-2-1 transcript with unspliced intron I that contains 3 stop codons. Research on the H. sinensis transcriptome demonstrated differential and complementary transcriptions of the mating-type genes of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs in Strains L0106 and 1229, which may become mating partners to accomplish physiological heterothallism. The differential occurrence and transcription of the mating-type genes in H. sinensis are inconsistent with the self-fertilization hypothesis under homothallism or pseudohomothallism, but instead indicate the need of mating partners of the same H. sinensis species, either monoecious or dioecious, for physiological heterothallism, or heterospecific species for hybridization. Multiple GC-and AT-biased genotypes of O. sinensis were identified in the stroma, stromal fertile portion(densely covered with numerous ascocarps) and ascospores of natural C. sinensis. It needs to be further explored if the genome-independent O. sinensis genotypes could become mating partners to accomplish sexual reproduction. S. hepiali Strain FENG experienced differential transcription of the mating-type genes with a pattern complementary to that of H. sinensis Strain L0106. Additional evidence is needed to explore a hybridization possibility between S. hepiali and H. sinensis, whether they are able to break the interspecific reproductive isolation. Genotypes #13~14 of O. sinensis feature large DNA segment reciprocal substitutions and genetic material recombination between 2 heterospecific parental fungi, H. sinensis and an AB067719-type fungus, indicating a possibility of hybridization or parasexuality. Our analysis provides important information at the genetic and transcriptional levels regarding the mating-type gene expression and reproduction physiology of O. sinensis in the sexual life of natural C. sinensis and offers crucial reproductive physiology evidence, to assist in the design of the artificial cultivation of C. sinensis to supplement the increasing scarcity of natural resource.
Topics: Cordyceps; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; Reproduction
PubMed: 37282943
DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230213.102 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023The present article reports on the management of six different and rare cases of fungal keratitides, two of which have never been documented in previous literature. This...
The present article reports on the management of six different and rare cases of fungal keratitides, two of which have never been documented in previous literature. This is a case series of six patients with rare fungal keratitides managed at a quaternary eye referral unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia over a period of 7 months (May to December, 2022). The order of occurrence of fungi isolated was , , spp., , and spp. A combination of medical and surgical interventions was employed, including topical and systemic anti-fungal therapy, with one requiring therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty and another eventuating in evisceration. Two patients were successfully treated with corneal debridement and two others required pars plana vitrectomy with anterior chamber washout. It is important to remain vigilant with monitoring patient symptoms and correlating with clinical signs to guide antifungal therapy even in the context of confirmed culture and sensitivity results.
PubMed: 37233300
DOI: 10.3390/jof9050589 -
Mycopathologia Jun 2023Fungal keratitis is a severe corneal infection, and the causative fungi include various rare fungal species. Fungal keratitis caused by Talaromyces species has yet to be...
Fungal keratitis is a severe corneal infection, and the causative fungi include various rare fungal species. Fungal keratitis caused by Talaromyces species has yet to be reported, and there is no information about this fungus as a cause of keratitis. A 77-year-old man developed fungal keratitis while waiting for a donor cornea due to bullous keratopathy in his left eye. Fungal culture of a corneal scraping grew filamentous fungi, which were morphologically identified as Paecilomyces species. The corneal infection did not improve after topical administration of 1% voriconazole, and ribosomal DNA sequencing definitively verified the fungus to be Talaromyces coalescens. The lesion gradually improved after switching to topical 5% natamycin. Antifungal susceptibility tests determined the high minimum inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole to be > 8 μg/mL. This is the first report of Talaromyces fungal keratitis. Clinicians, especially those in ophthalmology, need to be aware of this rare fungus.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Voriconazole; Talaromyces; Antifungal Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Natamycin; Keratitis
PubMed: 37160497
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00738-w -
International Journal of Dermatology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Paecilomyces; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Cellulitis
PubMed: 37140100
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16711 -
Archives of Microbiology May 2023Entomopathogenic fungal biocides are preferred for environment friendly sustainable management of insect pests due to their host specificity and harmlessness to...
Entomopathogenic fungal biocides are preferred for environment friendly sustainable management of insect pests due to their host specificity and harmlessness to non-target insects. Plant growth promotion (PGP) functions of the entomofungi are also important attributes but hitherto insignificantly explored. Therefore, virulence of 17 natural fungal entomocides (Cordyceps, Beauveria, Metarhizium, Nomuraea, Fusarium, Verticillium, Trichoderma and Paecilomyces spp.) were evaluated for pathogenicity against five rice pests (brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and green leaf hopper (Nephotettix virescens) nymphs, leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) and yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) larvae and swarming caterpillar (Spodoptera mauritia), respectively), and PGP traits of the potent leaf folder pathogens. Among the fungi, only the leaf folder pathogens (3 isolates each of Beauveria and Metarhizium spp.) infected > 50% (80-90%) larvae but other fungi were ineffective as infected < 50% (0-47%) insects. Besides, the leaf folder pathogens exhibited diverse PGP traits such as organic/inorganic phosphate solubilization (104.7-236.4 µg/ml), and siderophore, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), indole production etc. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), simple sequences repeat (SSR) and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) analysis ascertained strain identity and genetic (inter and intra-specific) diversity among the potent biocides Beauveria and Metarhizium spp. The virulent natural fungal pathogens of rice pests with polyvalent PGP traits may be prospected for rice growth promotion and biocontrol of leaf folder.
Topics: Animals; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Insecta; Moths; Larva; Polymorphism, Genetic; Hemiptera; Beauveria; Metarhizium; Pest Control, Biological
PubMed: 37129727
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03552-6 -
International Journal of Biomaterials 2023Biologically active natural compounds are molecules produced by plants or plant-related microbes, such as endophytes. Many of these metabolites have a wide range of...
Biologically active natural compounds are molecules produced by plants or plant-related microbes, such as endophytes. Many of these metabolites have a wide range of antimicrobial activities and other pharmaceutical properties. This study aimed to evaluate () the antifungal activities of the secondary metabolites obtained from against the pathogenic fungus . The endophytic fungus was isolated from leaves and cultured on potato dextrose broth for the production of the fungal metabolites. The activity of filtrate against the radial growth of was tested by mixing the filtrate with potato dextrose agar medium at concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, for which the percentages of inhibition of the radial growth were 37.5, 50, 52.5, and 56.25%, respectively. The dual culture method was conducted on PDA medium to observe the antagonistic nature of the antibiotic impacts of towards the pathogenic fungus. The strength of the antagonistic impacts was manifested by a 76.25% inhibition rate, on a scale of 4 antagonistic levels. Ethyl acetate extract of was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of the broth containing the fungus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the presence of important chemical components (E) 9, cis-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (48.607), 1-Heptacosanol, 1-Nonadecene, Cyclotetracosane (5.979), 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, di-sec-butyl phthalate (3.829), 1-Nonadecene, -Nonadecanol-1, Behenic alcohol (3.298), -Heptadecanol-1, 1-hexadecanol, -Pentadecanol (2.962), Dodecanoic acid (2.849), 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl ester, oleic acid, 9-Octadecenal, and (Z)-(2.730). These results suggest that secondary metabolites of the endophytic possess antifungal properties and could potentially be utilized in various applications, such as environmental protection and medicine.
PubMed: 37122583
DOI: 10.1155/2023/2411555 -
The Journal of Dermatology Aug 2023Hyalohyphomycosis is a rare infection caused by a group of fungi that are devoid of pigments in their cell walls. As one of the main pathogens of hyalohyphomycosis,... (Review)
Review
Hyalohyphomycosis is a rare infection caused by a group of fungi that are devoid of pigments in their cell walls. As one of the main pathogens of hyalohyphomycosis, Purpureocillium lilacinum (former Paecilomyces lilacinus) is known for its intrinsic resistance to various antifungal agents. Here, we report three cases that coincide with a history of farming and all of them suffered from cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by P. lilacinum. They shared a clinical presentation consisting of erythematous-to-violaceous painful plaques with overlying pustules on one of their forearms. Hyphae and fungal elements were highlighted by periodic acid Schiff or Gomori methenamine silver staining in their skin biopsies. Fungal cultures of their skin tissues yielded P. lilacinum, which was confirmed by both morphological and molecular characteristics. All patients responded well to oral terbinafine or itraconazole treatment. In this report, we also reviewed previously reported cases associated with either P. lilacinum or other Paecilomyces spp. infections in Taiwan.
Topics: Humans; Paecilomyces; Taiwan; Antifungal Agents; Hyalohyphomycosis; Cellulitis
PubMed: 37082787
DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16806 -
Chemical Biology & Drug Design Sep 2023Oxidative stress is a key process in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. More attention is needed to screen natural antioxidants and explore pharmacological...
Oxidative stress is a key process in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. More attention is needed to screen natural antioxidants and explore pharmacological mechanisms. Natural product polysaccharides with no toxic side effects have powerful antioxidant activity. Two purified intracellular polysaccharide fractions (IPS1 and IPS2) from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ1213 was isolated. Then, a model of H O -induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells was established to investigate the neuroprotective role of IPS and elucidate the potential protection mechanism. Results showed that IPS1 and IPS2 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibited the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Ca and attenuated the expression of apoptotic proteins. In addition, western blots displayed that IPS1 and IPS2 significantly inhibited mitophagy induced by H O in PC12 cells via PINK/Parkin pathway. Therefore, IPS1 and IPS2 deserved further investigation as protective agents against neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Rats; Animals; PC12 Cells; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Polysaccharides; Apoptosis; Neuroprotective Agents; Hydrogen Peroxide
PubMed: 37072242
DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14253