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Microbial Cell Factories Jun 2024Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been extensively researched for geoengineering applications as well as diverse uses within the built environment....
BACKGROUND
Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been extensively researched for geoengineering applications as well as diverse uses within the built environment. Bacteria play a crucial role in producing calcium carbonate minerals, via enzymes including carbonic anhydrase-an enzyme with the capability to hydrolyse CO, commonly employed in carbon capture systems. This study describes previously uncharacterised carbonic anhydrase enzyme sequences capable of sequestering CO2 and subsequentially generating CaCO biominerals and suggests a route to produce carbon negative cementitious materials for the construction industry.
RESULTS
Here, Bacillus subtilis was engineered to recombinantly express previously uncharacterised carbonic anhydrase enzymes from Bacillus megaterium and used as a whole cell catalyst allowing this novel bacterium to sequester CO and convert it to calcium carbonate. A significant decrease in CO was observed from 3800 PPM to 820 PPM upon induction of carbonic anhydrase and minerals recovered from these experiments were identified as calcite and vaterite using X-ray diffraction. Further experiments mixed the use of this enzyme (as a cell free extract) with Sporosarcina pasteurii to increase mineral production whilst maintaining a comparable level of CO sequestration.
CONCLUSION
Recombinantly produced carbonic anhydrase successfully sequestered CO and converted it into calcium carbonate minerals using an engineered microbial system. Through this approach, a process to manufacture cementitious materials with carbon sequestration ability could be developed.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Bacillus subtilis; Carbon Dioxide; Carbonic Anhydrases; Sporosarcina; Bacillus megaterium; Carbon Sequestration; Chemical Precipitation; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38858761
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02437-7 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Aug 2024Microbiologically induced CaCO precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potential bioremediation method to immobilize contaminating metals. In this study, carbonate...
Microbiologically induced CaCO precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a potential bioremediation method to immobilize contaminating metals. In this study, carbonate mineralizing bacteria HJ1 and HJ2, isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil, was employed for Cd and Pb immobilization with or without β-tricalcium phosphate addition. Compared with the only treatments amended with strains, the combined application of β-tricalcium phosphate and HJ1 improved the immobilization rates of Cd and Pb by 1.49 and 1.70 times at 24 h, and the combined application of β-tricalcium phosphate and HJ2 increased the immobilization rates of Cd and Pb by 1.25 and 1.79 times. The characterization of biomineralization products revealed that Cd and Pb primarily immobilized from the liquid phase as CdCO and PbCO, and the addition of β-tricalcium phosphate facilitated the formation of CaCd(PO)(OH) and Pb(PO). Also, the calcium source was related to the speciation of carbonate precipitation and improved the Cd and Pb remediation efficiency. This research demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of MICP combined with β-tricalcium phosphate in immobilization of Cd and Pb, which will provide a fundamental basis for future applications of MICP to mitigate soil heavy metal pollutions.
Topics: Lead; Calcium Phosphates; Cadmium; Sporosarcina; Biomineralization; Soil Pollutants; Biodegradation, Environmental
PubMed: 38810579
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134624 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP), as a newly developing bioremediation technology, could redeem heavy metal contamination in diverse scenarios. In...
Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP), as a newly developing bioremediation technology, could redeem heavy metal contamination in diverse scenarios. In this study, MICP bacterium Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2 was employed to suppress the pollution of Pb, Cd and Zn in municipal sludge nutrient soil. After MICP remediation, the exchangeable Cd and Zn in sludge nutrient soil were correspondingly reduced by 31.02 % and 6.09 %, while the carbonate-bound Pb, Cd and Zn as well as the residual fractions were increased by 16.12 %, 6.63 %, 13.09 % and 6.10 %, 45.70 %, 3.86 %, respectively. In addition, the extractable Pb, Cd and Zn either by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) in sludge nutrient soil were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the bio-calcite generated via MICP helped to immobilize heavy metals. Furthermore, MICP treatment improved the abundance of functional microorganisms related to urea cycle, while reduced the overall abundance of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This work confirmed the feasibility of MICP in remediation of heavy metal in sludge nutrient soil, which expanded the application field of MICP and provided a promising way for heavy metal pollution management.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Soil Pollutants; Sewage; Metals, Heavy; Sporosarcina; Biodegradation, Environmental; Soil Microbiology; Chemical Precipitation
PubMed: 38759409
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134600 -
Microbial Ecology May 2024Biocrust inoculation and microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) are tools used in restoring degraded arid lands. It remains unclear whether the ecological...
Biocrust inoculation and microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) are tools used in restoring degraded arid lands. It remains unclear whether the ecological functions of the two tools persist when these methods are combined and subjected to freeze-thaw (FT) cycles. We hypothesized a synergetic interaction between MICP treatment and biocrust under FT cycles, which would allow both components to retain their ecological functions. We grew cyanobacterial (Nostoc commune) biocrusts on bare soil and on MICP (Sporosarcina pasteurii)-treated soil, subjecting them to repeated FT cycles simulating the Mongolian climate. Generalized linear modeling revealed that FT cycling did not affect physical structure or related functions but could increase the productivity and reduce the nutrient condition of the crust. The results confirm the high tolerance of MICP-treated soil and biocrust to FT cycling. MICP treatment + biocrust maintained higher total carbohydrate content under FT stress. Our study indicates that biocrust on biomineralized soil has a robust enough structure to endure FT cycling during spring and autumn and to promote restoration of degraded lands.
Topics: Soil Microbiology; Soil; Freezing; Cyanobacteria; Carbonates; Ecosystem; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 38730059
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02389-w -
Journal of Environmental Management May 2024The microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an emerging novel and sustainable technique for soil stabilization and remediation. MICP, a...
The microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is an emerging novel and sustainable technique for soil stabilization and remediation. MICP, a microorganism-mediated biomineralization process, has attracted interest for its potential to enhance soil characteristics. The inclusion of biochar, a carbon-rich substance formed by biomass pyrolysis, adds another degree of intricacy to this process. The study highlights the impact of the combination of biochar and MICP together, using a bacterium, Sporosarcina ureae, on soil improvement. This blend of MICP and biochar improved the soil in terms of its geotechnical properties and also enabled the sequestering of carbon safely. It was observed that addition of 4% biochar significantly increased the soil's shear strength parameters (c and φ) as well as its stiffness after 21 treatment cycles. This improvement was because the calcium carbonate precipitate, which acts as a crucial binding agent, increased significantly due to microbial action in the soil-biochar mixture compared to the pure soil sample. The excess carbonate precipitation on account of biochar addition was verified through SEM-EDAX analysis where the images showed noteworthy carbonate precipitation on the surface of particles and increment in the calcium mass at the same treatment cycles when compared with untreated sand. The collaboration between MICP and biochar effectively increased the carbon sequestration within the sand sample. It was observed that at 21 cycles of treatment, the carbon storage within the sand sample increased by almost 3 times at 4% biochar compared to sand without any biochar. The statistical analysis further affirmed that strength depends on both biochar and the number of treatment cycles, whereas carbon sequestration potential is primarily influenced by the biochar content alone. This strategy, as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach, has the potential to reform soil improvement practices and contribute to both soil strength enhancement and climate change mitigation, supporting the maintenance of ecological balance.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Charcoal; Sporosarcina; Soil; Sand
PubMed: 38723498
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121048 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024The Atacama Desert is the oldest and driest desert on Earth, encompassing great temperature variations, high ultraviolet radiation, drought, and high salinity, making it...
The Atacama Desert is the oldest and driest desert on Earth, encompassing great temperature variations, high ultraviolet radiation, drought, and high salinity, making it ideal for studying the limits of life and resistance strategies. It is also known for harboring a great biodiversity of adapted life forms. While desertification is increasing as a result of climate change and human activities, it is necessary to optimize soil and water usage, where stress-resistant crops are possible solutions. As many studies have revealed the great impact of the rhizobiome on plant growth efficiency and resistance to abiotic stress, we set up to explore the rhizospheric soils of and desert plants. By culturing these soils and using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we address community taxonomy composition dynamics, stability through time, and the ability to promote lettuce plant growth. The rhizospheric soil communities were dominated by the families Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Planococcaceae for and Porphyromonadaceae and Haloferacaceae for . Nonetheless, the cultures were completely dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family (up to 98%). Effectively, lettuce plants supplemented with the cultures showed greater size and biomass accumulation. We identified 12 candidates that could be responsible for these outcomes, of which 5 ( and ) were part of the built co-occurrence network. We aim to contribute to the efforts to characterize the microbial communities as key for the plant's survival in extreme environments and as a possible source of consortia with plant growth promotion traits aimed at agricultural applications.IMPORTANCEThe current scenario of climate change and desertification represents a series of incoming challenges for all living organisms. As the human population grows rapidly, so does the rising demand for food and natural resources; thus, it is necessary to make agriculture more efficient by optimizing soil and water usage, thus ensuring future food supplies. Particularly, the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) is considered the most arid place on Earth as a consequence of geological and climatic characteristics, such as the naturally low precipitation patterns and high temperatures, which makes it an ideal place to carry out research that seeks to aid agriculture in future conditions that are predicted to resemble these scenarios. Our main interest lies in utilizing microorganism consortia from plants thriving under extreme conditions, aiming to promote plant growth, improve crops, and render "unsuitable" soils farmable.
Topics: Desert Climate; Soil Microbiology; Rhizosphere; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Plant Development; Lactuca; Microbiota; Soil; Biodiversity; Chenopodiaceae
PubMed: 38687070
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00056-24 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Apr 2024Three novel, Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strains, designated B2O-1, T2O-4, and 0.2-SM1T-5, were isolated from...
Three novel, Gram-stain-positive, obligate aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterial strains, designated B2O-1, T2O-4, and 0.2-SM1T-5, were isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood. Strains B2O-1, T2O-4, and 0.2-SM1T-5 exhibited distinct colony colors, characterized by pink, yellow, and red opaque circular colonies, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three strains formed a paraphyletic clade within the genus Sporosarcina and shared < 99.0% similarity with Sporosarcina aquimarina KCTC 3840 and Sporosarcina saromensis KCTC 13119 in their 16S rRNA gene sequences. The three strains exhibiting Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values < 79.3% and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values < 23.1% within the genus Sporosarcina affirmed their distinctiveness. Strains B2O-1, T2O-4, and 0.2-SM1T-5 contained MK-7 as a sole respiratory menaquinone and A4α type peptidoglycan based on lysine with alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. The common polar lipids include diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. Strain T2O-4 contained one unidentified phospholipid, whereas strain 0.2-SM1T-5 contained two unidentified phospholipids. Cellular fatty acid profiles, with C anteiso as the major fatty acid, supported the affiliation of the three strains to the genus Sporosarcina. Based on the polyphasic characteristics, strains B2O-1 (= KCTC 43506 = JCM 36032), T2O-4 (= KCTC 43489 = JCM 36031), and 0.2-SM1T-5 (= KCTC 43519 = JCM 36034) represent three novel species within the genus Sporosarcina, named Sporosarcina jeotgali sp. nov., Sporosarcina oncorhynchi sp. nov., and Sporosarcina trichiuri sp. nov., respectively.
Topics: Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Seafood; Sporosarcina; Base Composition; Fermented Foods; Republic of Korea; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Fermentation; Peptidoglycan; Food Microbiology; Vitamin K 2; Phospholipids
PubMed: 38587589
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00106-3 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Due to the inappropriate disposal of waste materials containing lead (Pb) and irrigation with sewage containing Pb, the migration of Pb within the soil profile has been...
Due to the inappropriate disposal of waste materials containing lead (Pb) and irrigation with sewage containing Pb, the migration of Pb within the soil profile has been extensively investigated. The conventional Pb block method is challenging to implement due to its complex operational procedures and high construction costs. To address this issue, this study introduces the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique as a novel approach to impede the migration of Pb in the soil profile. Soil acclimatization with urea resulted in an increased proportion of urease-producing microorganisms, including Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Planococcaceae, along with heightened expression of urea-hydrolyzing genes (UreA, UreB, UreC, and UreG). This indicates that urea-acclimatized soil (Soil-MICP) possesses the potential to induce carbonate precipitation. Batch Pb fixation experiments confirmed that the fixation efficiency of Soil-MICP on Pb exceeded that of soil without MICP, attributed to the MICP process within the Soil-MICP group. Dynamic migration experiments revealed that the MICP reaction transformed exchangeable lead into carbonate-bound Pb, effectively impeding Pb migration in the soil profile. Additionally, the migration rate of Pb in Soil-MICP was influenced by varying urea amounts, pH levels, and pore flow rates, leading to a slowdown in migration. The Two-site sorption model aptly described the Pb migration process in the Soil-MICP column. This study aims to elucidate the MICP biomineralization process, uncover the in-situ blocking mechanism of MICP on lead in soil, investigate the impact of Pb on key genes involved in urease metabolism, enhance the comprehension of the chemical morphology of lead mineralization products, and provide a theoretical foundation for MICP technology in preventing the migration of Pb in soil profiles.
Topics: Lead; Soil Pollutants; Carbonates; Soil Microbiology; Soil; Urease; Chemical Precipitation
PubMed: 38583629
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172268 -
Biotechnology Journal Apr 2024The bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) due to its high urease activity. To date,...
The bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii is the most commonly used microorganism for Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) due to its high urease activity. To date, no proper fed-batch cultivation protocol for S. pasteurii has been published, even though this cultivation method has a high potential for reducing costs of producing microbial ureolytic biomass. This study focusses on fed-batch cultivation of S. pasteurii DSM33. The study distinguishes between limited fed-batch cultivation and extended batch cultivation. Simply feeding glucose to a S. pasteurii culture does not seem beneficial. However, it was exploited that S. pasteurii is auxotrophic for two vitamins and amino acids. Limited fed-batch cultivation was accomplished by feeding the necessary vitamins or amino acids to a culture lacking them. Feeding nicotinic acid to a nicotinic acid deprived culture resulted in a 24% increase of the specific urease activity compared to a fed culture without nicotinic acid limitation. Also, extended batch cultivation was explored. Feeding a mixture of glucose and yeast extract results in OD600 of ≈70 at the end of cultivation, which is the highest value published in literature so far. These results have the potential to make MICP applications economically viable.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Urease; Biomass; Urea; Nicotinic Acids; Vitamins; Amino Acids; Glucose; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 38581094
DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300466 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Mar 2024A novel bacterial strain, APC 4016, was previously isolated from the skin of a snub-nosed spiny eel, , from a depth of 1000 m in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Cells...
A novel bacterial strain, APC 4016, was previously isolated from the skin of a snub-nosed spiny eel, , from a depth of 1000 m in the northern Atlantic Ocean. Cells were aerobic, cocci, motile, Gram-positive to Gram-variable staining, and gave rise to orange-pigmented colonies. Growth occurred at 4-40 °C (optimum, 25-28 °C), pH 5.5-12 (optimum, pH 7-7.5), and 0-12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strain APC 4016 belonged to the genus and was most closely related to IFO 12536 (98.98 % 16S similarity). However, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between these two strains were low, at 20.1 and 83.8 %, respectively. Major (>10 %) cellular fatty acids of strain APC 4016 were iso-C, anteiso-C and C-ω-Alc. The predominant respiratory quinones were menaquinones 5, 6, 7 and 8. The major cellular polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, and three unknown lipids were also present. The draft genome sequence is 3.6 Mb with a G+C content of 45.25 mol%. This strain was previously shown to have antimicrobial activity and to encode bacteriocin and secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and its distinct phenotypic characteristics, strain APC 4016 is deemed to represent a novel species of the genus , and for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is APC 4016 (=DSM 115753=NCIMB 15463).
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Base Composition; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Planococcus Bacteria; Eels
PubMed: 38512752
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006298