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Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Jul 2024To evaluate the effects of the association of host defence peptide IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin on human dental pulp cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were stimulated with...
To evaluate the effects of the association of host defence peptide IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin on human dental pulp cells (hDPSCs). hDPSCs were stimulated with ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002. Cell viability (by MTT assay), migration capacity (by scratch assay), production of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators by hDPSCs (RT-PCR) and osteogenic differentiation (alizarin red staining) were evaluated. Phenotypic profile of hDPSCs demonstrated 97% for positive marked mesenchymal stem cell. Increased pulp cell migration and proliferation were observed after 24 and 48 h of exposure to IDR-1002 with ciprofloxacin. Mineral matrix formation by hDPSCs was observed of the association while its reduction was observed in the presence of peptide. After 24 h, the association between ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 significantly downregulated TNFRSF-1, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 gene expression (p ≤ 0.0001). The association between the IDR-1002 and ciprofloxacin showed favourable immunomodulatory potential, emerging as a promising option for pulp revascularisation processes.
PubMed: 38963178
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12866 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Jul 2024Administered nasally, spores of the Gram-positive bacterium have been shown to be able to induce innate immunity sufficient to confer protection to influenza and...
Administered nasally, spores of the Gram-positive bacterium have been shown to be able to induce innate immunity sufficient to confer protection to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Although members of the aerobiome, intranasal delivery of high numbers of live spores carries potential safety issues. To address the potential safety risk of using live spores, we assessed the safety of spores that had been completely inactivated using heat sterilization. Using autoclaved, and therefore killed, spores of a generally recognized as safe-notified strain (DSM 32444), safety was assessed (biotype, genome and cell based cytoxicity) and , using intranasal administration in rodent models and lastly in human volunteers. Using a 15-day, repeat-dose, regimen in a rodent model, no indication of toxicity was observed. In a registered human study (NCT05984004), a formulated preparation of inactivated DSM 32444 spores referred to as SPEROVID was developed, and tolerance in human volunteers was assessed following 7 days of nasal dosing (2-4 times/day). Our study demonstrated that in humans an intranasal dose of up to 3×10 killed spores was safe and well tolerated.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Administration, Intranasal; Spores, Bacterial; Humans; Animals; Female; Male; Adult; Mice; Young Adult; Rats; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38963177
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001845 -
Head & Neck Jul 2024Radiotherapy is used to treat oral cancer, yet it negatively affects patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim was to evaluate the impact of an oral...
BACKGROUND
Radiotherapy is used to treat oral cancer, yet it negatively affects patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim was to evaluate the impact of an oral healthcare intervention on HRQOL of patients with oral cancer who receive radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.
METHODS
An oral healthcare intervention was provided to 41 patients with oral cancer before radiotherapy (fluoride varnish application, scaling, permanent restorations, adjustment of sharp teeth, and extraction of teeth with questionable prognosis, oral hygiene instructions), during, and 3 months after radiotherapy (baking soda mouthwash, artificial saliva spray). EORTC QLQ-H&N35 was used to compare the HRQOL of the intervention and control groups, with the latter having received routine oral healthcare.
RESULTS
The intervention group showed lesser values for HRQOL domains and items indicating fewer side effects during the last week of radiotherapy and 3 months after, compared to the control group. Most of the changes in HRQOL were significantly less in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The oral healthcare intervention effectively reduced the effect of radiotherapy and positively impacted on HRQOL of patients with oral cancer.
PubMed: 38963166
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27861 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Starch is the most abundant constituent (dry weight) in the barley endosperm, followed by protein. Variability of compositional and potentially related physical traits...
BACKGROUND
Starch is the most abundant constituent (dry weight) in the barley endosperm, followed by protein. Variability of compositional and potentially related physical traits due to genotype and environment can have important implications for the malting and brewing industry. This was the first study to assess the effects of genotype, environment, and their interaction (G × E) on endosperm texture, protein content, and starch traits corresponding to granule size, gelatinization, content, and composition, using a multi-environment variety trial in California, USA.
RESULTS
Overall, environment explained the largest variance for all traits (ranging from 23.2% to 76.5%), except the endosperm texture traits wherein the G × E term explained the largest variance (45.0-86.5%). Our unique method to quantify the proportion of fine and coarse milled barley particles using laser diffraction showed a binomial distribution of endosperm texture. The number of small starch granules varied significantly (P-value < 0.05) across genotypes and environments. We observed negative correlations between total protein content and each of enthalpy (-0.70), total starch content (-0.54), and difference between offset and onset gelatinization temperature (-0.52). Furthermore, amylose to amylopectin ratio was positively correlated to volume of small starch granules (0.36).
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that environment played a larger role in influencing the majority of starch-related physical and compositional traits. In contrast, variance in endosperm texture was largely explained by G × E. Maltsters would benefit from accounting for environmental contributions in addition to solely genotype when making sourcing decisions, especially with regards to total protein, total starch, enthalpy, and difference between offset and onset gelatinization temperature. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
PubMed: 38963165
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13704 -
Potential nutritional and functional matters in yeast culture prepared by soybean meal fermentation.Journal of the Science of Food and... Jul 2024Yeast culture (YC) is a product fermented on a specific medium, which is a type of postbiotic of anaerobic solid-state fermentation. Although YC has positive effects on...
BACKGROUND
Yeast culture (YC) is a product fermented on a specific medium, which is a type of postbiotic of anaerobic solid-state fermentation. Although YC has positive effects on the animal growth and health, it contains a variety of beneficial metabolites as dark matter, which have not been quantified. In the present study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is employed to identify the unknown metabolites. Following their identification, the important chemicals are quantified using HPLC-diode array detection methods.
RESULTS
Non-targeted metabolomics studies showed that 670 metabolites in total were identified in YC, of which 23 metabolites significantly increased, including organic acids, amino acids, nucleosides and purines, isoflavones, and other substances. The chemical quantitative analysis showed that the contents of succinic acid, aminobutyric acid, glutamine, purine and daidzein increased by 84.42%, 51.07%, 100%, 68.85% and 4.60%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, the use of non-targeted metabolomics combined with chemical quantitative analysis to reveal the nutritional and functional substances of YC could help to elucidate the postbiotic mechanism and provide theoretical support for the regulation of the directional accumulation of beneficial metabolites. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
PubMed: 38963133
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13713 -
Personalized Medicine Jul 2024Vancomycin, a crucial treatment for Gram-positive bacteria, necessitates therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to prevent treatment failures. We investigated the healthcare...
Vancomycin, a crucial treatment for Gram-positive bacteria, necessitates therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to prevent treatment failures. We investigated the healthcare professional's compliance toward TDM of vancomycin recommendations and follow-up levels. We collected data from 485 patients who received vancomycin in the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357 medical records system (Cerner) over 4 months, from January to April 2020. Our data shows that only 54% of patients had TDM requests from healthcare professionals for the total patients who received vancomycin treatment. The healthcare professionals' compliance with the recommendations was 91.7%, while the follow-up levels were 66.7%. While overall adherence to recommendations is strong, enhancing compliance with follow-up levels remains a priority for improvement.
PubMed: 38963131
DOI: 10.1080/17410541.2024.2360386 -
Protein and Peptide Letters Jul 2024Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide with various physiological functions. Escherichia coli is one of the most desirable hosts for...
INTRODUCTION
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a single-chain polypeptide with various physiological functions. Escherichia coli is one of the most desirable hosts for recombinant protein production, especially for human proteins whose post-translation modifications are not essential for their bioactivity, such as hIGF-1.
OBJECTIVES
In this study, bacterial thioredoxin (Trx) was studied as a fused and non-fused protein to convert the insoluble form of recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) to its soluble form in E. coli.
METHODS
The rhIGF-1 was expressed in the E. coli Origami strain in the form of fused-Trx. It was co-expressed with Trx and then purified and quantified. In the next step, the biological activity of rhIGF-1 was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) regarding the differentiation enhancement effect of IGF-1 through the osteogenic process.
RESULTS
Results showed that Trx in both the fused and non-fused forms had a positive effect on the production of the soluble form of rhIGF-1. A significant increase in ALP activity in hASCs after rhIGF-1 treatment was observed, confirming protein bioactivity.
CONCLUSION
It was strongly suggested that the overproduction of Trx could increase the solubility of co-expressed recombinant proteins by changing the redox state in E. coli cells.
PubMed: 38963110
DOI: 10.2174/0109298665314267240624091046 -
Psychophysiology Jul 2024Social support is a key predictor of well-being, but not everyone experiences mental health benefits from receiving it. However, given that a growing number of...
Social support is a key predictor of well-being, but not everyone experiences mental health benefits from receiving it. However, given that a growing number of interventions are based on social support, it is crucial to identify the features that make individuals more likely to benefit from social ties. Emerging evidence suggests that neural responses to positive social feedback (i.e., social reward) might relate to individual differences in social functioning, but potential mechanisms linking these neural responses to psychological outcomes are yet unclear. This study examined whether neural correlates of social reward processing, indexed by the reward positivity (RewP), relate to individuals' affective experience following self-reported real-world positive social support events. To this aim, 193 university students (71% females) underwent an EEG assessment during the Island Getaway task and completed a 10-day ecological momentary assessment where participants reported their positive and negative affects (PA, NA) nine times a day and the count of daily positive and negative events. Experiencing a higher number of social support positive events was associated with higher PA. The RewP moderated this association, such that individuals with greater neural response to social feedback at baseline had a stronger positive association between social support positive events count and PA. Individual differences in the RewP to social feedback might be one indicator of the likelihood of experiencing positive affect when receiving social support.
PubMed: 38963092
DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14640 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Jul 2024Low back pain management has evolved with researchers advocating for a biopsychosocial management model. The biopsychosocial management model has been predominantly...
PURPOSE
Low back pain management has evolved with researchers advocating for a biopsychosocial management model. The biopsychosocial management model has been predominantly applied in high-income countries and underexplored in low- and middle-income countries including Ghana. This study aimed to explore the potential barriers and facilitators to patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and physiotherapists engagement with a biopsychosocial intervention (exercise and patient education) as part of a feasibility study.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a qualitative study embedded within a mixed-methods, sequential, feasibility study, in Ghana, applying semi-structured interviews. Two categories of participants involved in this study were, two trained physiotherapists, and six patients with CLBP, sampled within the feasibility study.
RESULTS
Regarding the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of the BPS intervention, five interlinked themes emerged from the thematic analysis. These were: structure and process of delivery; patients' expectations; patients' health beliefs, autonomy, and engagement; external influences and personal and professional characteristics of physiotherapists.
CONCLUSION
The themes that emerged from this study demonstrated many positive facilitators based on participants' improved understanding of LBP and the clarity and purpose of the biopsychosocial intervention. The results therefore demonstrate a potential to deliver the biopsychosocial intervention in a Ghanaian context.
PubMed: 38963089
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2374497 -
Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine :... Jul 2024Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive sleepiness during the day, prolonged sleep at night, and difficulty waking up. The true prevalence of IH is...
STUDY OBJECTIVES
Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is characterized by excessive sleepiness during the day, prolonged sleep at night, and difficulty waking up. The true prevalence of IH is uncertain. ICSD provides criteria for diagnosing IH; however, the definition has evolved. Managing IH involves using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, although the most effective strategies are still unclear. The objective of this scoping review was to identify the extent, range, and nature of the available evidence, identify research gaps, and discuss the implications for clinical practice and policy.
METHODS
To conduct this review, a comprehensive search was conducted across scientific databases, without any restrictions on the date or study type. Eligible studies examined the effectiveness of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for IH and reported the outcomes of these interventions. Data from the studies were screened, analyzed, and synthesized to provide an overview of the available literature landscape.
RESULTS
51 studies were included in this review, which used various methods and interventions. Pharmacological treatments, particularly modafinil, have been frequently studied and have yielded positive results. There is also emerging evidence for alternative medications such as low-sodium oxybate and pitolisant. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as CBT-H and tDCS have also shown promise in managing IH.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the complexity of managing IH management and emphasizes the need for personalized multidisciplinary approaches. Pharmacological interventions are important in managing IH and can be complemented by non-medication strategies. Larger-scale studies are necessary to advance our understanding of IH and to improve treatment outcomes.
PubMed: 38963076
DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.11250