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Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2024To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model.
METHODS
A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level.
RESULTS
CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively.
CONCLUSION
aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.
Topics: Humans; Methylene Blue; Photochemotherapy; Dental Caries; Dentin; Potassium Iodide; Biofilms; Streptococcus mutans; Photosensitizing Agents; Saliva; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus; Chlorhexidine; In Vitro Techniques; Colony Count, Microbial; Saliva, Artificial; Lasers
PubMed: 38718465
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105978 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2024Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in...
INTRODUCTION
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on (. ) and dental biofilm.
METHODS
The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing).
RESULTS
The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of . . SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI.
CONCLUSIONS
The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against . , resulting in total inhibition.
PubMed: 38707672
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23 -
Heliyon May 2024Hierarchical porous activated carbon/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites (AC:FA) for a counter electrode (CE) were created using a doctor blade technique and applied in dye...
Preparation of a hierarchical porous activated carbon derived from cantaloupe peel/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites as Pt-free counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Hierarchical porous activated carbon/fly ash/PEDOT:PSS composites (AC:FA) for a counter electrode (CE) were created using a doctor blade technique and applied in dye sensitized solar cells. Hierarchical porous activated carbon (AC) was produced using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation process from cantaloupe peels ( L. var. cantaloupensis). AC was introduced into fly ash at various mass ratios to enhance several physical and electrochemical characteristics. Compared to bare FA, the AC:FA electrode displayed a high electrocatalytic activity for the iodide/triiodide redox () reaction. The test findings show that a higher proportion of AC has an impact on a CE's catalytic activity and charge transfer resistance. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) attained 5.81 % using the AC:FA CE with AC in a mass ratio of FA in 3:1 (wt./wt.), which is very near the performance of manufactured DSSC's with a platinum (Pt)-based CE (5.91 %). The AC:FA CE stands out as a strong candidate to substitute for costly Pt CEs due to its enhanced electrochemical activity and charge transfer capabilities obtained with an inexpensive and simple production procedure.
PubMed: 38707397
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29957 -
Cureus Apr 2024We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) secondary to preoperative iodine administration before thyroidectomy for Graves'...
We report a case of a 17-year-old girl who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) secondary to preoperative iodine administration before thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Past medical history was significant for COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in Children (MISC-C), with subsequent diagnoses of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Addison disease, and Graves' disease. Her Graves disease was initially managed with methimazole. While there are reported cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and TEN due to methimazole, the patient had discontinued methimazole over one month prior. Therefore, she likely represents the first case of TEN reported secondary to potassium iodide solution in a pediatric patient. Given the rarity of TEN in pediatric patients, our case highlights the challenges in managing complex autoimmune conditions and underscores the importance of careful medication choices in such cases.
PubMed: 38707124
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57618 -
Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express May 2024Plasma medicine is gaining attraction in the medical field, particularly the use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in biomedicine. The chemistry of the plasma is complex,...
Plasma medicine is gaining attraction in the medical field, particularly the use of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in biomedicine. The chemistry of the plasma is complex, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) within it are the basis for the biological effect of CAP on the target. Understanding how the oxidative power of ROS responds to diverse plasma parameters is vital for standardizing the effective application of CAP. The proven applicability of machine learning (ML) in the field of medicine is encouraging, as it can also be applied in the field of plasma medicine to correlate the oxidative strength of plasma-treated water (PTW) according to different parameters. In this study, plasma-treated water was mixed with potassium iodide-starch reagent for color formation that could be linked to the oxidative capacity of PTW. Corresponding images were captured resulting from the exposure of the color-forming agent to water treated with plasma for different time points. Several ML models were trained to distinguish the color changes sourced by the oxidative strength of ROS. The AdaBoost Classifier (ABC) algorithm demonstrated better performance among the classification models used by extracting color-based features from the images. Our results, with a test accuracy of 63.5%, might carry a potential for future standardization in the field of plasma medicine with an automated system that can be created to interpret the oxidative properties of ROS in different plasma treatment parameters via ML.
Topics: Machine Learning; Plasma Gases; Water; Reactive Oxygen Species; Oxidation-Reduction; Algorithms; Color
PubMed: 38697029
DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad464f -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces May 2024The spread of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections harms people's health and causes social burdens. Developing targeted treatment strategies for URT infections that...
The spread of upper respiratory tract (URT) infections harms people's health and causes social burdens. Developing targeted treatment strategies for URT infections that exhibit good biocompatibility, stability, and strong antimicrobial effects remains challenging. The dual antimicrobial and antiviral effects of iodine (I) in combination with the cooling sensation of l-menthol in the respiratory tract can simultaneously alleviate URT inflammation symptoms. However, as both I and l-menthol are volatile, addressing stability issues is crucial. In this study, a potassium iodide β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework [β-CD-POF(I)] with appropriate particle size was used to coload and deliver I and l-menthol. Primarily, β-CD-POF(I) was employed as the most efficient carrier to significantly enhance the stability of I, surpassing any other known protection strategies in the pharmaceutical field (CD complexations, PVP conjugations, and cadexomer iodine). The mechanism underlying the improvement in stability of I by β-CD-POF(I) was investigated through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular docking. The results revealed that the key processes involved in improving stability were the inclusion of I by β-CD cavities in β-CD-POF(I) and the formation of polyiodide anion between iodine ions and I. Furthermore, the potential of β-CD-POF(I) to load and deliver drugs was validated, and coloading of l-menthol and I demonstrated reliable stability. β-CD-POF(I) achieved a rate of URT deposition ≥95% in vitro, and the combined antibacterial effects of coloaded I and l-menthol was better than I or PVP-I alone, with no irritation noted following URT administration in rabbits. Therefore, the stable coloading of drugs by β-CD-POF(I), leading to enhanced antimicrobial effects, provides a new strategy for treating URT infections.
Topics: Iodine; Metal-Organic Frameworks; beta-Cyclodextrins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Animals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Rabbits; Drug Carriers; Staphylococcus aureus; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38688002
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02258 -
Heliyon Apr 2024This study was conducted to assess salt production and iodization practices by artisanal salt producers located at six districts across Greater Accra and Central regions.
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to assess salt production and iodization practices by artisanal salt producers located at six districts across Greater Accra and Central regions.
METHODS
One Hundred and Sixty-Six (166) salt miners in Greater Accra and Central Regions were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and their production sites inspected for salt iodization practices.
RESULTS
The study revealed that salt iodization is not practiced among majority (69.28 %) of artisanal salt producers. They were conversant with salt iodization (93.98 %) and had fair knowledge on the health effects on consumers when iodine is absent in salt. Some of the producers attributed the nonadherence to the mandatory salt iodization to the unavailability of potassium iodate/iodide on the market. All artisanal salt producers interviewed utilise the solar evaporation method for salt production. The evaporation is done on tarpaulin/polyethylene lined pans and concrete pans. The tarpaulin/polyethylene lined pans were predominantly used in Greater Accra, and concrete pans in Central region.
CONCLUSION
For Ghana to increase availability of iodized salt on the market and improve household consumption of iodized salt, regulatory authorities need to enforce the laws and regulations on salt iodization and also create the enabling environment for artisanal salt producer to have access to potassium iodate for production.
PubMed: 38681581
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29621 -
Cureus Mar 2024We aim to evaluate the bond strength between resin composite and primary demineralized dentin, pretreated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and simultaneous SDF with...
We aim to evaluate the bond strength between resin composite and primary demineralized dentin, pretreated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and simultaneous SDF with potassium iodide (KI) after thermal aging. In this in vitro study, human carious-free primary molars were randomly assigned into three groups and prepared by exposing the superficial dentin. The primary dentin of each molar was demineralized. The first group (the control) received saline treatment before bond application. SDF was pretreated for the second group, whereas SDF and KI were used for the third. After that, the pretreated dentin was immediately built with resin composite bonded with a universal adhesive and kept wet for 24 hours. Then, the pretreated molars were prepared into beam specimens for microtensile bond strength (µTBS), 16 for each group, and subjected to thermal aging. Lastly, they were tested using a universal testing machine, and the resulting data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. It was found that the SDF-KI group had a significant difference with both the control and SDF groups (p < 0.05), while the control and SDF groups showed no significant differences (p = 0.310). The SDF-KI group had the highest mean value of 11.73 ± 4.39 megapascal (MPa). In contrast, the control group had the lowest mean value of 9.31 ± 3.41 MPa. Post hoc pairwise comparison results showed that SDF-KI pretreatment had a significantly higher strength value than the control and SDF groups. Pretreatment of demineralized primary dentin with SDF-KI does not negatively affect the immediate loading of resin composite. However, under the limitation of this study, KI application after SDF pretreatment is recommended to enhance the bond's durability of resin composite to demineralized dentin.
PubMed: 38681260
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57064 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained interest, particularly in pediatric dentistry, used to prevent the development of carious lesions or arrest their progression.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review of the literature, the effectiveness of SDF, used in pedodontics, in temporary teeth, in preventing or arresting dental caries.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The effect of SDF on both temporary and permanent teeth has been considered.
RESULTS
The inclusion criteria identified 16 randomized controlled trials involving patients aged 18 months to 13 years and followed over a period of 12-30 months.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF is a practical, accessible and effective non-invasive way to prevent and arrest caries in temporary and permanent teeth. Its application requires regular monitoring. The resulting black spot is diminished by immediate application of potassium iodide but this may affect its effectiveness.
PubMed: 38671716
DOI: 10.3390/children11040499 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2024Acylhydrazone (AH) derivatives represent a novel category of anti-fungal medications that exhibit potent activity against sp., both and in a murine model of...
UNLABELLED
Acylhydrazone (AH) derivatives represent a novel category of anti-fungal medications that exhibit potent activity against sp., both and in a murine model of sporotrichosis. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-fungal efficacy of the AH derivative D13 [4-bromo-'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzohydrazide] against both planktonic cells and biofilms formed by . In a clinical study, the effect of D13 was then tested in combination with itraconazole (ITC), with or without potassium iodide, in 10 cats with sporotrichosis refractory to the treatment of standard of care with ITC. Improvement or total clinical cure was achieved in five cases after 12 weeks of treatment. Minimal abnormal laboratory findings, e.g., elevation of alanine aminotransferase, were observed in four cats during the combination treatment and returned to normal level within a week after the treatment was ended. Although highly encouraging, a larger and randomized controlled study is required to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of this new and exciting drug combination using ITC and D13 for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis.
IMPORTANCE
This paper reports the first veterinary clinical study of an acylhydrazone anti-fungal (D13) combined with itraconazole against a dimorphic fungal infection, sporotrichosis, which is highly endemic in South America in animals and humans. Overall, the results show that the combination treatment was efficacious in ~50% of the infected animals. In addition, D13 was well tolerated during the course of the study. Thus, these results warrant the continuation of the research and development of this new class of anti-fungals.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Itraconazole; Sporotrichosis; Antifungal Agents; Cat Diseases; Sporothrix; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hydrazones; Female; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Biofilms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38647345
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03967-23