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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2024Feline sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with high occurrence in Brazil. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the drug of choice for treating this disease in cats, despite the...
Feline sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with high occurrence in Brazil. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the drug of choice for treating this disease in cats, despite the increasing reports of therapeutic failure. A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed on 166 naive cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination therapy with ITZ and potassium iodide (KI) compared with ITZ monotherapy. Cats were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: G1-ITZ 100 mg/cat/day-and G2-ITZ 100 mg/cat/day + KI 2.5-20 mg/kg/day. Cats treated in G2 presented 77% more risk of reaching a clinical cure (a positive effect) than those treated in G1, even when controlled by negative predictors. The survival curves of the two treatment protocols indicate that a clinical cure was achieved faster in G2. An increase in the KI dose was necessary in 28 cats due to the persistence of clinical signs. Adverse reactions were equally frequent in both groups and manageable with a temporary drug suspension and/or a hepatoprotective therapy. The combination therapy was associated with a higher cure rate and a shorter treatment time, suggesting that ITZ+KI arises as a better option for treating feline sporotrichosis and should be considered the first-line treatment, especially in the presence of negative predictors.
PubMed: 38392773
DOI: 10.3390/jof10020101 -
Optimized 3D printed zirconia-reinforced leucite with antibacterial coating for dental applications.Dental Materials : Official Publication... Apr 2024This study aims to produce by robocasting leucite/zirconia pieces with suitable mechanical and tribological performance, convenient aesthetics, and antibacterial...
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to produce by robocasting leucite/zirconia pieces with suitable mechanical and tribological performance, convenient aesthetics, and antibacterial properties to be used in dental crown replacement.
METHODS
Leucite pastes reinforced with 12.5%, 25%, and 37.5% wt. ZrO nanoparticles were prepared and used to print samples that after sintering were characterized in terms of density, shrinkage, morphology, porosity, mechanical and tribological properties and translucency. A coating of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) was applied over the most promising material. The material's antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were assessed.
RESULTS
It was found that the increase of ZrO reinforcement up to 25% enhanced both microhardness and fracture toughness of the sintered composite. However, for a superior content of ZrO, the increase of the porosity negatively affected the mechanical behaviour of the composite. Moreover, the composite with 25% ZrO exhibited neglectable wear in chewing simulator tests and induced the lowest wear on the antagonist dental cusps. Although this composite exhibited lower translucency than human teeth, it was three times higher than the ZrO glazed material. Coating this composite material with SDF+KI conferred antibacterial properties without inducing cytotoxicity.
SIGNIFICANCE
Robocasting of leucite reinforced with 25% ZrO led to best results. The obtained material revealed superior optical properties and tribomechanical behaviour compared to glazed ZrO (that is a common option in dental practice). Moreover, the application of SDF+KI coating impaired S. aureus proliferation, which anticipates its potential benefit for preventing pathogenic bacterial complications associated with prosthetic crown placement.
Topics: Humans; Ceramics; Staphylococcus aureus; Materials Testing; Zirconium; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Surface Properties; Aluminum Silicates
PubMed: 38369404
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.021 -
Transplantation Proceedings Apr 2024Inappropriate matching of motor and sensory fibers after nerve repair or grafting can lead to nerve recovery failure. Identifying the motor and sensory fascicles enables...
BACKGROUND
Inappropriate matching of motor and sensory fibers after nerve repair or grafting can lead to nerve recovery failure. Identifying the motor and sensory fascicles enables surgeons to match them accurately and correctly align nerve stumps, which is crucial for neural regeneration. Very few methods have been reported to differentiate between the sensory and motor nerve fascicles, and the replicability of these techniques remains unestablished. In this study, we aimed to assess the accuracy of axonal cholinesterase (CE) histochemical staining in distinguishing motor and sensory nerve fibers.
METHODS
The femoral and sciatic nerves were harvested from rats. The specimens were immediately cut, frozen in isopentane, and cooled with liquid nitrogen. Nerve serial cross-sections were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining, followed by CE histochemistry. The staining protocol solutions included acetylthiocholine iodide, phosphate buffer, cobalt sulfate hydrate, potassium phosphate monobasic, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, glutaraldehyde, and ammonium sulfide.
RESULTS
Cross-sections of nerves containing efferent and afferent nerve fibers in segregated fascicles showed that CE activity was confined to motor neurons. A histochemical study revealed that motor fibers with high cholinesterase activity can be differentiated from sensory fibers. The motor branches of the femoral and sciatic nerves showed specific axonal staining, whereas the sensory branch did not show any specific staining.
CONCLUSION
CE histochemical staining is a useful technique for distinguishing between motor and sensory nerve fibers. It can be potentially useful in improving the outcomes of nerve grafts or extremity allotransplantation surgery.
Topics: Animals; Sciatic Nerve; Rats; Cholinesterases; Staining and Labeling; Motor Neurons; Axons; Sensory Receptor Cells; Male; Femoral Nerve; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38355371
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.035 -
Lasers in Medical Science Feb 2024Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and...
In vitro photoinactivation effectiveness of a portable LED device aimed for intranasal photodisinfection and a photosensitizer formulation comprising methylene blue and potassium iodide against bacterial, fungal, and viral respiratory pathogens.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a viable option for management of intranasal infections. However, there are light delivery, fluence, and photosensitizer-related challenges. We report in vitro effectiveness of an easily fabricated, low-cost, portable, LED device and a formulation comprising methylene blue (MB) and potassium iodide (KI) for photoinactivation of pathogens of the nasal cavity, namely, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, multi-antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida spp., and SARS-CoV-2.In a 96-well plate, microbial suspensions incubated with 0.005% MB alone or MB and KI formulation were exposed to different red light (~ 660 ± 25 nm) fluence using the LED device fitted to each well. Survival loss in bacteria and fungi was quantified using colony-forming unit assay, and SARS-CoV-2 photodamage was assessed by RT-PCR.The results suggest that KI addition to MB leads to KI concentration-dependent potentiation (up to ~ 5 log) of photoinactivation in bacteria and fungi. aPDT in the presence of 25 or 50 mM KI shows the following photoinactivation trend; Gm + ve bacteria > Gm - ve bacteria > fungi > virus. aPDT in the presence of 100 mM KI, using 3- or 5-min red light exposure, results in complete eradication of bacteria or fungi, respectively. For SARS-CoV-2, aPDT using MB-KI leads to a ~ 6.5 increase in cycle threshold value.The results demonstrate the photoinactivation effectiveness of the device and MB-KI formulation, which may be helpful in designing of an optimized protocol for future intranasal photoinactivation studies in clinical settings.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Methylene Blue; Potassium Iodide; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 38353734
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-03996-2 -
BJR Open Jan 2024The aim of this study was to evaluate the length of time required to achieve full iodination using potassium tri-iodide as a contrast agent, prior to human fetal...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the length of time required to achieve full iodination using potassium tri-iodide as a contrast agent, prior to human fetal postmortem microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.
METHODS
Prospective assessment of optimal contrast iodination was conducted across 157 human fetuses (postmortem weight range 2-298 g; gestational age range 12-37 weeks), following micro-CT imaging. Simple linear regression was conducted to analyse which fetal demographic factors could produce the most accurate estimate for optimal iodination time.
RESULTS
Postmortem body weight ( = 0.6435) was better correlated with iodination time than gestational age ( = 0.1384), producing a line of best fit, = [0.0304 × body weight (g)] - 2.2103. This can be simplified for clinical use whereby immersion time (days) = [0.03 × body weight (g)] - 2.2. Using this formula, for example, a 100-g fetus would take 5.2 days to reach optimal contrast enhancement.
CONCLUSIONS
The simplified equation can now be used to provide estimation times for fetal contrast preparation time prior to micro-CT imaging and can be used to manage service throughput and parental expectation for return of their fetus.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
A simple equation from empirical data can now be used to estimate preparation time for human fetal postmortem micro-CT imaging.
PubMed: 38352185
DOI: 10.1093/bjro/tzad006 -
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Jun 2024Iodine plays an important role in thyroid physiology and biochemistry. The thyroid is capable of producing different iodolipids such as 2-iodohexadecanal (2-IHDA). Data...
BACKGROUND
Iodine plays an important role in thyroid physiology and biochemistry. The thyroid is capable of producing different iodolipids such as 2-iodohexadecanal (2-IHDA). Data from different laboratories have shown that 2-IHDA inhibits several thyroid parameters and it has been postulated as intermediary on the action of iodide function.
OBJECTIVE
To explore different mechanisms involved during the involution of the hyperplastic thyroid gland of Wistar rats towards normality induced by 2-IHDA.
METHODS
Goiter was induced by the administration of MMI for 10 days, then the treatment was discontinued and Wistar rats were injected with 2-IHDA or KI.
RESULTS
During involution, 2-IHDA treatment reduced PCNA expression compared to spontaneous involution. KI treatment caused an increase of Caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells. In contrast, 2-IHDA failed to alter this value but induced an increase of LC3B expression. KI but not 2-IHDA led to an increase in peroxides levels, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that 2-IHDA, in contrast to iodide, did not lead to an increase in oxidative stress or apoptosis induction, indicating that the involution triggered by 2-IHDA in Wistar rats, is primarily due to the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of autophagy.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Rats, Wistar; Goiter; Rats; Aldehydes; Thyroid Gland; Apoptosis; Oxidative Stress; Potassium Iodide; Caspase 3; Cell Proliferation; Male; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Female
PubMed: 38346574
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106819 -
The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear... Mar 2024Treatment with [I]mIBG is commonly used in pediatric metastatic neuroblastoma (NB); however, unbound [I]I might be taken up by the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism. To... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Treatment with [I]mIBG is commonly used in pediatric metastatic neuroblastoma (NB); however, unbound [I]I might be taken up by the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism. To prevent this occurrence, thyroid blockade with iodine salts is commonly used; despite this precaution, thyroid dysfunction still occurs. This review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the mean frequency of hypothyroidism in children with NB treated with [I]mIBG and to investigate the possible causes.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
The literature was searched for English-language scientific manuscripts describing the incidence of TSH elevation and overt hypothyroidism in children with NB treated with [I]mIBG. Preclinical studies, small-case series, and reviews were excluded. A proportion meta-analysis was conducted to test the influence of potentially relevant factors (type and duration of thyroid blockade, year of the study, sample size) on the incidence of TSH elevation/overt hypothyroidism.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Eleven studies were included. The pooled percentage of TSH elevation was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.27-0.55); the duration of the thyroid blockade (P=0.004) was inversely correlated with the incidence of TSH elevation. Moreover, a TSH increase was more common in patients treated with potassium iodide (KI) alone than in those managed with a multi-drug thyroid blockade (P<0.001). The pooled percentage of children requiring hormone replacement therapy was 0.33 (95% CI: 0.16-0.49). As in the case of TSH elevation, a longer duration of the thyroid blockade (P=0.006) and a multi-pronged approach (P<0.001) were associated with a lower incidence of overt hypothyroidism.
CONCLUSIONS
Hypothyroidism appears to occur frequently in children treated with [I]mIBG, which should be monitored closely after the radionuclide treatment to start hormone replacement therapy as soon as needed. The duration, as well as the type of thyroid blockade, seem to influence the incidence of hypothyroidism; however, more data from prospective evaluations are needed.
Topics: Humans; Child; 3-Iodobenzylguanidine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Incidence; Thyrotropin; Hypothyroidism
PubMed: 38319674
DOI: 10.23736/S1824-4785.24.03552-0 -
Hormone Research in Paediatrics Jan 2024Agranulocytosis is a rare, but serious complication of methimazole (MMI) use for Graves' disease (GD). Treatment requires discontinuation of MMI, and the use of...
INTRODUCTION
Agranulocytosis is a rare, but serious complication of methimazole (MMI) use for Graves' disease (GD). Treatment requires discontinuation of MMI, and the use of propylthiouracil (PTU) is also contraindicated. Few reports exist about the optimal alternative treatment regimens for the management of thyrotoxicosis in these medically complex patients in the pediatric population.
CASE REPORT
We report prolonged saturated solution of potassium Iodide (SSKI) use (29 days) in a 17-year-old female with GD and MMI-induced agranulocytosis, who presented with septic shock. Her treatment course also included beta-blockade, cholestyramine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. We performed a review of the literature on the use of SSKI in the management of thyrotoxicosis, as well as best practices from the view of endocrinology, infectious disease, hematology, surgery, and intensivists, for the evaluation and management of MMI-induced agranulocytosis.
DISCUSSION
The management of MMI-induced agranulocytosis and associated sequelae require subspecialty input and intensive evaluation and monitoring. Alternative treatments to manage hyperthyroidism and control symptoms of thyrotoxicosis during agranulocytosis are a bridge to definitive therapy, and include beta-blockade, SSKI, cholestyramine, steroids, lithium, and plasmapheresis.
PubMed: 38295777
DOI: 10.1159/000536508 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... 2023The application of cavity cleansers for cavity disinfection can be a crucial step in the longevity of restorations. The objective of the present study was to compare the...
Effect of a novel quaternary ammonium silane based cavity cleanser FiteBac 2% K21 QAS in comparison with other cavity disinfectants on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement.
BACKGROUND
The application of cavity cleansers for cavity disinfection can be a crucial step in the longevity of restorations. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of the application of a new quaternary ammonium silane (QAS)-based cavity cleanser (2% K21 QAS), with other commercially available cavity disinfectants on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The buccal surfaces of 40 extracted premolars were trimmed to obtain a flat dentinal surface and were randomly divided into four experimental groups depending on the cavity cleansers used before restoration. Group 1: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), Group 2: QAS (FiteBac 2% K21 QAS), Group 3: silver diamine fluoride-potassium iodide (Riva Star, SDF-KI), and Group 4: 3% hydrogen peroxide (HO). Then, a predetermined dimension of RMGIC restoration was bonded to the treated dentin surfaces. Following this, each sample was tested for shear bond strength (SBS) using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
RESULTS
Among the experimental groups, SDF-KI has shown the highest mean SBS, followed by 2% K21 QAS, and 2% CHX, which have shown almost comparable results. The 3% HO group has shown the lowest values.
CONCLUSION
According to the results of the present study, 2% K21 QAS has the potential to be used as an effective cavity cleanser before the placement of RMGIC restorations. Since its application does not affect the bond strength of restoration, it can be successfully used as an alternative to CHX and SDF-KI.
PubMed: 38292749
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_145_23