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Cureus Dec 2023Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), 0.5% iodine potassium iodide (IKI), and 0.5% cetrimide (CTR), alone and in...
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), 0.5% iodine potassium iodide (IKI), and 0.5% cetrimide (CTR), alone and in combinations on one-week and three-week-old biofilms. Materials and methods Gingival plaque was collected, and biofilms were grown anaerobically. Biofilms were exposed to each of the three medicaments and their combinations for one day, one week, and two weeks. Proportions of dead and live bacteria in the biofilms were evaluated. Results The killing of bacteria by different medicaments in the three-week-old biofilm was lower than in the one-week-old biofilm (<0.05). The efficacy of IKI and CTR in killing bacteria was weaker than that of CH, but the highest efficacy in killing was achieved when all three were combined (<0.05). There was no significant difference in the antibiofilm effect between a day's exposure to the mixture of the three medicaments and one or two weeks of treatment with CH alone (>0.05). Conclusions Three-week-old biofilms are more resistant to medicaments than one-week-old biofilms. Combining IKI and CTR with CH resulted in a stronger antibiofilm effect than using CH alone. Mixing the three medicaments may enable obtaining the desired clinical effect in a shorter exposure time.
PubMed: 38283497
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51203 -
Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids Jan 2024The novel -naphthylcyanoacrylamide thioglycosides were readily prepared by the reaction of -napthylcyanoacetamide with aryl isothiocyanates in the presence of...
Naphthyl cyanoketene ,-acetals in glycoside synthesis: a new preparative route to a new class of -naphthylcyanoacrylamide thioglycosides and their conversions to naphthyl-pyrazole hybrids.
The novel -naphthylcyanoacrylamide thioglycosides were readily prepared by the reaction of -napthylcyanoacetamide with aryl isothiocyanates in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by coupling of the produced salts with 2,3,4,6-tetra--acetyl-α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides . The -naphthyl acrylamide thioglycoside was prepared by the reaction of -napthylcyanoacetamide with glucose isothiocyante in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by alkylation of the produced salt with methyl iodide. The reaction of thioglycoside compounds with hydrazines afforded the corresponding naphthyl-pyrazole hybrids.
PubMed: 38265284
DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2305247 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Feb 2024The synthesis of previously unknown bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes of the first transition metal, i.e., Sc(II) scandocene complexes, has been investigated using CH(Bu)...
The synthesis of previously unknown bis(cyclopentadienyl) complexes of the first transition metal, i.e., Sc(II) scandocene complexes, has been investigated using CH(Bu) (Cp), CMe (Cp*), and CH(SiMe) (Cp) ligands. CpScI, , formed from ScI and KCp, can be reduced with potassium graphite (KC) in hexanes to generate dark-red crystals of the first crystallographically characterizable bis(cyclopentadienyl) scandium(II) complex, CpSc, . Complex has a 170.6° (ring centroid)-Sc-(ring centroid) angle and exhibits an eight-line EPR spectrum characteristic of Sc(II) with = 82.6 MHz (29.6 G). It sublimes at 200 °C at 10 Torr and has a melting point of 268-271 °C. Reductions of Cp*ScI and CpScI under analogous conditions in hexanes did not provide new Sc(II) complexes, and reduction of Cp*ScI in benzene formed the Sc(III) phenyl complex, Cp*Sc(CH), , by C-H bond activation. However, in EtO and toluene, reduction of Cp*ScI at -78 °C gives a dark-red solution, , which displays an eight-line EPR pattern like that of , but it did not provide thermally stable crystals. Reduction of CpScI, in THF or EtO at -35 °C in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand, yields the green Sc(II) metallocene iodide complex, [K(crypt)][CpScI], , which was identified by X-ray crystallography and EPR spectroscopy and is thermally unstable. The analogous reaction of Cp*ScI with KC and 18-crown-6 in EtO gave the ligand redistribution product, [Cp*Sc(18-crown-6-κ)][Cp*ScI], , as the only crystalline product. Density functional theory calculations on the electronic structure of these compounds are reported in addition to a steric analysis using the Guzei method.
PubMed: 38264991
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11922 -
Biology Jan 2024Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship...
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship between iodine, the pancreas, adipose tissue, and glucose transport is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of iodine concentrations (in Lugol solution) on glucose transport, insulin secretion, and its cytotoxic effects in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells.
METHODS
Fibroblast 3T3-L1, mature adipocytes, and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells were treated with 1 to 1000 µM of Lugol (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) for 30 min to 24 h for an MTT proliferation assay. Then, glucose uptake was measured with the fluorescent analog 2-NBDG, insulin receptor, Akt protein, p-Akt (ser-473), PPAR-gamma, and Glut4 by immunoblot; furthermore, insulin, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and caspase-3 activation were measured by colorimetric methods and the expression of markers of the apoptotic pathway at the RNAm level by real-time PCR.
RESULTS
Low concentrations of Lugol significantly induce insulin secretion and glucose uptake in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells, and in adipose cells, iodine-induced glucose uptake depends on the serine-473 phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and Glut4. Higher doses of Lugol lead to cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis dependent on PPAR-gamma, Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Iodine could influence glucose metabolism in mature adipocytes and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, but excessive levels may cause cytotoxic damage to pancreatic beta cells.
PubMed: 38248457
DOI: 10.3390/biology13010026 -
ChemSusChem May 2024A novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of α, β-unsaturated sulfones through heterogeneous photocatalyzed C-S coupling reactions have been developed. The use...
A novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of α, β-unsaturated sulfones through heterogeneous photocatalyzed C-S coupling reactions have been developed. The use of molten-salt method derived carbon nitride (MCN), a transition metal-free polymeric photocatalyst, combined with enhanced crystallinity and potassium iodide as an additive, effectively modulates photogenerated reactive redox species, markedly increasing the overall reaction selectivity. This method achieves the shortest reaction time (2 h) with high yield (up to 95 %) among the reported heterogeneous catalytic C-S bond formation reactions, matching the efficiency of the homogeneous photocatalysts. Furthermore, the application to challenging alkyne substrates has been demonstrated, underscoring the potential for a broad range of applications in pharmaceutical research and synthetic chemistry.
PubMed: 38242851
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301882 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Feb 2024Small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel activity has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of several neurological diseases. Besides...
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel activity has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of several neurological diseases. Besides regulating plasma membrane excitability, SK channel activation provides neuroprotection against ferroptotic cell death by reducing mitochondrial Ca uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we employed a multifaceted approach, integrating structure-based and computational techniques, to strategically design and synthesize an innovative class of potent small-molecule SK2 channel modifiers through highly efficient multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The compounds' neuroprotective activity was compared with the well-studied SK positive modulator, CyPPA. Pharmacological SK channel activation by selected compounds confers neuroprotection against ferroptosis at low nanomolar ranges compared to CyPPA, that mediates protection at micromolar concentrations, as shown by an MTT assay, real-time cell impedance measurements and propidium iodide staining (PI). These novel compounds suppress increased mitochondrial ROS and Ca level induced by ferroptosis inducer RSL3. Moreover, axonal degeneration was rescued by these novel SK channel activators in primary mouse neurons and they attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal excitability, as shown via microelectrode array. Meanwhile, functional afterhyperpolarization of the novel SK2 channel modulators was validated by electrophysiological measurements showing more current change induced by the novel modulators than the reference compound, CyPPA. These data support the notion that SK2 channel activation can represent a therapeutic target for brain diseases in which ferroptosis and excitotoxicity contribute to the pathology.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ferroptosis; Neurons; Mitochondria
PubMed: 38242037
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116163 -
European Thyroid Journal Jan 2024Intake of potassium iodide (KI) reduces the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland in the event of possible contamination by radioactive iodine released... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Intake of potassium iodide (KI) reduces the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland in the event of possible contamination by radioactive iodine released from a nuclear facility. The WHO has stated the need for research for optimal timing, appropriate dosing regimen and safety for repetitive iodine thyroid blocking (ITB). The French PRIODAC project, addressed all these issues, involving prolonged or repeated releases of radioactive iodine. Preclinical studies established an effective dose through pharmacokinetic modeling, demonstrating the safety of repetitive KI treatment without toxicity.
SUMMARY
Recent preclinical studies have determined an optimal effective dose for repetitive administration, associated with pharmacokinetic modelling. The results show the safety and absence of toxicity of repetitive treatment with KI. Good laboratory practice level preclinical studies corresponding to individuals > 12 years have shown a safety margin established between animal doses without toxic effect. After approval from the French health authorities, the market authorization of the 2 tablets of KI-65mg/day was defined with a new dosing scheme of a daily repetitive intake of the treatment up to 7 days unless otherwise instructed by the competent authorities for all categories of population except pregnant women, and children under the age of 12 years.
CONCLUSIONS
This new marketed authorization resulting from scientific-based evidence obtained as part of the PRIODAC project may serve as an example to further harmonize the application of KI for repetitive ITB in situations of prolonged radioactive release at the European and International levels, under the umbrella of the WHO.
PubMed: 38241789
DOI: 10.1530/ETJ-23-0139 -
AME Case Reports 2024Thyroid storm is a potentially fatal thyrotoxicosis triggered by an event, such as manipulation of the thyroid gland, acute iodine load, trauma, or infection. Prior to...
BACKGROUND
Thyroid storm is a potentially fatal thyrotoxicosis triggered by an event, such as manipulation of the thyroid gland, acute iodine load, trauma, or infection. Prior to deciding on fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, patients who have been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or low thyroid stimulating hormone and multinodular goiter (MNG) should be imaged via radionuclide thyroid scan.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We present a case of a 62-year-old female patient with history of MNG, who had thyrotoxicosis on presentation due to medication noncompliance and was found to have Graves' disease. Computed tomography scan without intravenous iodine contrast injection showed a heterogeneously appearing and notably enlarged thyroid gland with a 6.2 cm × 5.8 cm right thyroid lobe and 5.5 cm × 5.0 cm left lobe. There was a resultant narrowing of the trachea measuring 6 mm in the transverse dimension at its narrowest point. Further evaluation with dedicated ultrasound of the thyroid showing bilateral MNG with coarse calcifications as well as a notable left thyroid cyst measuring 1.6 cm × 1.2 cm × 2.3 cm, isoechoic, with smooth margins. The patient was started on methimazole 40 mg/day, cholestyramine 4 mg four times per day, prednisone 20 mg/day, saturated solution of potassium iodide 50 mg three times daily, and propranolol for heart rate control. Another service recommended FNA biopsy of the right 3 cm thyroid nodule. Two days after undergoing an FNA, she experienced a thyroid storm, requiring emergent total thyroidectomy as a life-saving procedure.
CONCLUSIONS
FNA is rarely needed in the case of a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule, as it can be seen on radionuclide thyroid scan. However, when executed, a euthyroid state needs to be achieved before attempting to perform an FNA. Total thyroidectomy is warranted in a hyperthyroid state in an emergent setting without ample time for medical therapy to be effective, as seen in our reported case.
PubMed: 38234357
DOI: 10.21037/acr-23-63 -
ACS Omega Jan 2024The g-CN (graphitic carbon nitride)/BiOI (bismuth oxyiodide) photocatalysts, boasting a unique nanomicrosphere architecture, were synthesized through a tripartite...
The g-CN (graphitic carbon nitride)/BiOI (bismuth oxyiodide) photocatalysts, boasting a unique nanomicrosphere architecture, were synthesized through a tripartite process involving heat polycondensation, hydrothermal treatment, and hybrid methods, using melamine, bismuth nitrate, and potassium iodide as starting materials. The photocatalyst was comprehensively characterized and analyzed while its efficacy in photocatalytic degradation of amaranth (AR) under various lighting conditions was investigated, and the catalytic mechanism was determined by kinetic analysis and free radical scavenging experiments. The results showed that g-CN formed a strong bond with BiOI. The resulting composite catalyst retains the inherent 2D lamellar structure of g-CN, as well as the 3D microsphere structure of BiOI, thereby creating heterojunctions via p-n interactions. Under visible light exposure, g-CN/BiOI-15% demonstrated optimal catalytic performance, achieving a degradation rate of 74.64% for AR and exhibiting the highest rate constant. Radical tests confirmed that -O (superoxide anion) plays a crucial role as active species in the photocatalytic reaction.
PubMed: 38222516
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05569