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Veterinarni Medicina Feb 2023Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk...
Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk to humans. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of , and in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. Dental swab samples were taken from 25 pet cats and 25 stray cats with symptoms of periodontal disease and then investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA species-specific primers. As a result of the multiplex PCR analysis, 3/25 (12%), 1/25 (4%), + 7/25 (28%), + 1/25 (4%), + 1/25 (4%), and + + 2/25 (8%) were molecularly typed in the pet cats. In addition, 1/25 (4%) of and 21/25 (84%) of + were typed in the stray cats. In 10/25 (40%) pet and 3/25 (12%) stray cat samples, no bacteria were detected by molecular typing. In summary, the results provide strong evidence that black-pigmented zoonotic pathogens are associated with cat periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38332760
DOI: 10.17221/59/2022-VETMED -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.
UNLABELLED
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.
METHODS
Male (114) and female children (8-10 years) belonging to five primary schools in the neighborhoods of Turin were classified as active (A) or sedentary (S) based on PAQ-C-It questionnaire. PCR amplification of salivary DNA targeted the hypervariable V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA bacterial genes. DADA2 workflow was used to infer the Amplicon Sequence Variants and the taxonomic assignments; the beta-diversity was obtained by PCoA with the UniFrac method; LEfSe algorithm, threshold at 5%, and Log LDA cutoff at ±0.5 were used to identify differently abundant species in A compared to S saliva sample. Daily food intake was assessed by 3-Days food record. The metabolic potential of microbial communities was assessed by PICRUSt.
RESULTS
No significant differences were found in individual's gender distribution ( = 0.411), anthropometry, BMI ( > 0.05), and all diet composition between A and S groups ( > 0.05). Eight species were differently abundant: (LDA score = -3.76; FDR = 1.5×10-03), (LDA score = -3.17; FDR = 7.45×10-03), (LDA score = -2.96; FDR = 2.76×10-05), (LDA score = -2.43; FDR = 1.3×10-02) are enriched in the A group; , (LDA score = -3.9; FDR = 5.27×10-04), (LDA score = 4.23; FDR = 1.93×10-02), (LDA score = 4.43; FDR = 1.31×10-02; LDA score = 2.94; FDR = 7.45×10-03) are enriched in the S group. A prevalence of superpathway of fatty acid biosynthesis initiation () and catechol degradation II (meta-cleavage pathway) was found in saliva from A compared to S children.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that active children had an enrichment of species and genera mainly associated with a healthier profile. By contrast, the genera and the species enriched in the sedentary group could be linked to human diseases.
PubMed: 37671197
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891 -
Heliyon Jul 2023Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate...
PURPOSE
Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors. Thus, we investigated microbiome dysbiosis in Egyptian, African American (AA), and European American (EA) CRC patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
CRCs and their corresponding normal tissues from Egyptian (n = 17) patients of the Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt, and tissues from AA (n = 18) and EA (n = 19) patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were collected. DNA was isolated from frozen tissues, and the microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Differential microbial abundance, diversity, and metabolic pathways were identified using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size analyses. Additionally, we compared these profiles with our previously published microbiome data derived from Kenyan CRC patients.
RESULTS
Differential microbiome analysis of CRCs across all racial/ethnic groups showed dysbiosis. There were high abundances of and in CRCs of Egyptians, in CRCs of AAs, and in CRCs of EAs, and and in CRCs of Kenyans (LDA score >4, adj. p-value <0.05). Functional analyses showed distinct microbial metabolic pathways in CRCs compared to normal tissues within the racial/ethnic groups. Egyptian CRCs, compared to normal tissues, showed lower l-methionine biosynthesis and higher galactose degradation pathways.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings showed altered mucosa-associated microbiome profiles of CRCs and their metabolic pathways across racial/ethnic groups. These findings provide a basis for future studies to link racial/ethnic microbiome differences with distinct clinical behaviors in CRC.
PubMed: 37483698
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18035 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2023To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the pan-genome of three black-pigmented periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
METHODS
Pan-genome analyses of 66, 33 and 5 publicly available whole-genome sequences of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, respectively, were performed using Pan-genome Analysis Pipeline software (version 1.2.1; Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China). Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the entire pan-genome and single nucleotide polymorphisms within the core genome. The distribution and abundance of virulence genes in the core and dispensable genomes were also compared in the three species.
RESULTS
All three species possess an open pan-genome. The core genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens included 1001, 1514 and 1745 orthologous groups, respectively, which were mainly related to basic cellular functions such as metabolism. The dispensable genome of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens was composed of 2814, 2689 and 906 orthologous groups, respectively, and it was enriched in genes involved in pathogenicity or with unknown functions. Phylogenetic trees presented a clear separation of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, verifying the reclassification of the black-pigmented species. Furthermore, the three species shared almost the same virulence factors involved in adhesion, proteolysis and evasion of host defences. Some of these virulence genes were conserved across species whereas others belonged to the dispensable genome, which might be acquired through horizontal gene transfer.
CONCLUSION
This study highlighted the usefulness of pan-genome analysis to infer evolutionary cues for black-pigmented species, indicating their homology and phylogenomic diversity.
Topics: Prevotella; Phylogeny; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella nigrescens
PubMed: 37395521
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4128023 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2023is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation...
Simultaneous detection and evaluation of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals through multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation and identification of all the species.
AIM
The purpose of the study was to detect and compare presence of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and thirty-six subjects were considered consisting of chronic periodontitis (128) and healthy (108) individuals. Subgingival plaque sample was collected in reduced transport fluid and analyzed. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for genus followed by positive samples were considered for the detection of selected species through multiplex PCR using specific primers.
RESULTS
Out of 236 samples, 94.1% were positive for genus . Out of 222 cases showed the highest number of cases positive (59.5%) followed by (57.2%), (55.4%), and (40.1%). Species were analyzed individually between chronic periodontitis and healthy, , and showed greater positivity in healthy compared to chronic periodontitis. Positivity for was high in chronic periodontitis compared to healthy.
CONCLUSION
The number of positive cases for species, when correlated with clinical parameters showed an increase in mean score for all clinical parameters assessed, suggesting the presence of variation in the prevalence of species and geographic variation do exist in oral microflora. Findings suggest that they can be normal commensals and opportunistic.
PubMed: 37346862
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_154_22 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2023Knowledge about the impact of gastroplasty on oral health and salivary biomarkers is limited. The aim was to prospectively evaluate oral health status, salivary...
OBJECTIVES
Knowledge about the impact of gastroplasty on oral health and salivary biomarkers is limited. The aim was to prospectively evaluate oral health status, salivary inflammatory markers, and microbiota in patients undergoing gastroplasty compared with a control group undergoing a dietary program.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty participants with obesity class II/III were included (20 individuals in each sex-matched group; 23-44 years). Dental status, salivary flow, buffering capacity, inflammatory cytokines, and uric acid were assessed. Salivary microbiological analysis (16S-rRNA sequencing) assessed the abundance of genus, species, and alpha diversity. Cluster analysis and mixed-model ANOVA were applied.
RESULTS
Oral health status, waist-to-hip ratio, and salivary alpha diversity were associated at baseline. A subtle improvement in food consumption markers was observed, although caries activity increased in both groups, and the gastroplasty group showed worse periodontal status after three months. IFNγ and IL10 levels decreased in the gastroplasty group at 3 months, while a decrease was observed in the control group at 6 months; IL6 decreased in both groups (p < 0.001). Salivary flow and buffering capacity did not change. Significant changes in Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas endodontalis abundance were observed in both groups, while alpha diversity (Sobs, Chao1, Ace, Shannon, and Simpson) increased in the gastroplasty group.
CONCLUSIONS
Both interventions changed in different degrees the salivary inflammatory biomarkers and microbiota, but did not improve the periodontal status after 6 months.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although the observed discrete improvement in dietary habits, caries activity increased with no clinical improvement in the periodontal status, emphasizing the need of oral health monitoring during obesity treatment.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Saliva; Gastroplasty; Dental Caries; Research Design; Microbiota; Obesity; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 37294353
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05101-3 -
Odontology Jan 2024The prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai...
The prevalence of periodontitis among Thai schoolchildren is unknown. In a cross-sectional study, the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases, in a group of Thai schoolchildren, along with the presence and numbers of bacterial species commonly associated with periodontitis were investigated. A consent form was sent out to 192 schoolchildren in one school (Chanachanupathom School) in Chana, Southern Thailand (in the age range of 12-18 years) and 119 attended for a clinical and microbiological examination. Clinical recordings included number of teeth present, DMFT, plaque index, bleeding index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Pooled plaque samples were analyzed with culture and qPCR against bacteria associated with periodontitis. The children had low caries experience (DMFT = 3.2 ± 2.3), poor oral hygiene, high bleeding scores, and 67 (56.3%) had at least one interproximal site with CAL ≥ 1 mm. Thirty-seven (31.1%) of the children were diagnosed with periodontitis stage I, and sixteen (13.4%) were classified as periodontitis Stage II. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was sparsely found in all but the healthy clinical groups (gingivitis, periodontitis Stage I and II), while the groups showed a high prevalence of Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Campylobacter species as well as of the periodontitis-associated species Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Thai schoolchildren have poor oral hygiene with abundant amounts of plaque and high presence of bleeding. Early onset periodontitis is common but mostly in its mild form and is not associated with the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Thailand; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Aggressive Periodontitis; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 37154987
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00817-w -
The Journal of Contemporary Dental... Dec 2022This study compared two molecular iodine mouthrinses for their bactericidal effects against subgingival biofilm bacteria from severe periodontitis patients.
AIM
This study compared two molecular iodine mouthrinses for their bactericidal effects against subgingival biofilm bacteria from severe periodontitis patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In a subgingival biofilm eradication assay, dilution aliquots of subgingival microbial specimens from 32 adults with severe periodontitis were mixed with either a mouthrinse containing 100 parts per million (ppm) molecular iodine (Iorinse®) or one containing 150 ppm molecular iodine (iClean®), followed by mouthrinse neutralization after 60 seconds with 3% sodium thiosulfate. The mixtures, along with unexposed subgingival biofilm aliquots, were inoculated onto enriched Brucella blood agar and incubated anaerobically for 7 days to quantitate total viable bacterial counts and selected red/orange complex periodontal pathogens ( and ).
RESULTS
Both molecular iodine mouthrinses significantly reduced total viable bacterial counts in the subgingival biofilm samples, with iClean® providing significantly greater suppression than Iorinse®. Both molecular iodine mouthrinses also significantly reduced total red/orange complex periodontal pathogens, with significantly greater suppression also exhibited by iClean®.
CONCLUSION
The molecular iodine mouthrinses exerted marked bactericidal activity against human subgingival biofilm microbial species, including red/orange complex periodontal pathogens associated with severe periodontitis, with iClean® providing significantly better antimicrobial activity than Iorinse®.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
These findings suggest potential value of molecular iodine mouthrinses in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mouthwashes; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontal Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Prevotella intermedia
PubMed: 37125513
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3447 -
Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene :... Feb 2023Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in...
BACKGROUND
Supragingival air polishing of teeth effectively removes dental plaque and extrinsic stain on coronal tooth surfaces, but its impact on specific periodontal pathogens in adjacent subgingival biofilms is not known. This study assessed the microbiological effect of supragingival air polishing on the subgingival microbiota of individuals with severe periodontitis.
METHODS
Supragingival air polishing with a sodium bicarbonatebased powder was performed on 15 adult test subjects, with the nozzle of the air polishing device aimed apically at a 45° angle onto tooth surfaces immediately coronal to the entrance of periodontal pockets. Supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, using a slow-speed handpiece, was carried out on 13 adult control subjects. Subgingival specimens were collected from a single 5 mm to 7 mm periodontal pocket with bleeding on probing in each of the study participants before and immediately after supragingival polishing procedures. Viable bacterial counts and selected putative periodontal pathogens ( species) were quantified by microbial culture, and motile morphotypes (spirochetes and motile rods) by phase-contrast microscopy.
RESULTS
Statistically significant decreases were detected after supragingival air polishing in total viable counts (84.9% decrease), in species, total proportions of red/orange complex periodontal pathogens (82.3% decrease), and in motile morphotypes (85.3% decrease). No statistically significant subgingival microbiological changes occurred with supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing.
CONCLUSION
Supragingival air polishing of teeth, but not supragingival prophylaxis paste polishing, may serve as a useful therapeutic adjunct to disrupt and help remove pathogenic biofilms in deep periodontal pockets.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Polishing; Dental Plaque; Periodontitis; Campylobacter; Microbiota
PubMed: 36968802
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Titanium implants are regarded as a promising treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. Osteointegration and antibacterial properties are both desirable...
Vapor-Induced Pore-Forming Atmospheric-Plasma-Sprayed Zinc-, Strontium-, and Magnesium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Implants Enhance New Bone Formation-An In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation.
OBJECTIVES
Titanium implants are regarded as a promising treatment modality for replacing missing teeth. Osteointegration and antibacterial properties are both desirable characteristics for titanium dental implants. The aim of this study was to create zinc (Zn)-, strontium (Sr)-, and magnesium (Mg)-multidoped hydroxyapatite (HAp) porous coatings, including HAp, Zn-doped HAp, and Zn-Sr-Mg-doped HAp, on titanium discs and implants using the vapor-induced pore-forming atmospheric plasma spraying (VIPF-APS) technique.
METHODS
The mRNA and protein levels of osteogenesis-associated genes such as collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), decorin (DCN), osteoprotegerin (TNFRSF11B), and osteopontin (SPP1) were examined in human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells. The antibacterial effects against periodontal bacteria, including and , were investigated. In addition, a rat animal model was used to evaluate new bone formation via histologic examination and micro-computed tomography (CT).
RESULTS
The ZnSrMg-HAp group was the most effective at inducing mRNA and protein expression of TNFRSF11B and SPP1 after 7 days of incubation, and TNFRSF11B and DCN after 11 days of incubation. In addition, both the ZnSrMg-HAp and Zn-HAp groups were effective against and . Furthermore, according to both in vitro studies and histologic findings, the ZnSrMg-HAp group exhibited the most prominent osteogenesis and concentrated bone growth along implant threads.
SIGNIFICANCE
A porous ZnSrMg-HAp coating using VIPF-APS could serve as a novel technique for coating titanium implant surfaces and preventing further bacterial infection.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Animals; Durapatite; Osteogenesis; Titanium; Magnesium; Zinc; X-Ray Microtomography; Hydroxyapatites; Gases; Strontium; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36902368
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054933