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Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jul 2024Skin 16S microbiome diversity analysis indicates that the Staphylococcus genus, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a crucial role in the inflammatory...
BACKGROUND
Skin 16S microbiome diversity analysis indicates that the Staphylococcus genus, especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), plays a crucial role in the inflammatory lesions of acne. However, current animal models for acne do not fully replicate human diseases, especially pustular acne, which limits the development of anti-acne medications.
AIMS
The aim is to develop a mouse model for acne, establishing an animal model that more closely mimics the clinical presentation of pustular acne. This will provide a new research platform for screening anti-acne drugs and evaluating the efficacy of clinical anti-acne experimental treatments.
METHODS
Building upon the existing combination of acne-associated Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) with artificial sebum, we will inject a mixture of S. aureus and C. acnes locally into the dermis in a 3:7 ratio.
RESULTS
We found that the acne animal model with mixed bacterial infection better replicates the dynamic evolution process of human pustular acne. Compared to the infection with C. acnes alone, mixed bacterial infection resulted in pustules with a distinct yellowish appearance, resembling pustular acne morphology. The lesions exhibited redness, vascular dilation, and noticeable congestion, along with evident infiltration of inflammatory cells. This induced higher levels of inflammation, as indicated by a significant increase in the secretion of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and TNF-α.
CONCLUSION
This model can reflect the clinical symptoms and development of human pustular acne, overcoming the limitations of animal models commonly used in basic research to study this situation. It provides support for foundational research and the development of new acne medications.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Injections, Intradermal; Staphylococcus aureus; Propionibacterium acnes; Humans; Skin; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 38581133
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16279 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2024Facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from samples of a methanogenic reactor and, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, found to be affiliated with the...
Facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains were isolated from samples of a methanogenic reactor and, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, found to be affiliated with the family in the phylum Four strains with almost-identical 16S rRNA gene sequences were comprehensively characterized. The most closely related species to the strains was BL-34 (96.4 % sequence similarity). Although most of the phenotypic characteristics of the four strains were identical, distinct differences in some cellular and physiological properties were also detected. Cells of the strains were Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic rods. The strains utilized carbohydrates and organic acids. The strains produced acetate, propionate and lactate from glucose, but the molar ratios of the products were variable depending on the strains. The strains grew at 10-40 °C (optimum at 35 °C) and pH 5.3-8.8 (optimum at pH 6.8-7.5.) The major cellular fatty acids of the strains were anteiso-C, C and C dimethylacetal (as a summed feature). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-9(H) and the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan was -diaminopimelic acid. The genome size of the type strain (SH051) was 3.21 Mb and the genome DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Genes responsible for propionate production through the Wood-Werkman pathway were detected in the genome of strain SH051. Based on the results of phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic analyses of the novel strains, the name sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the four strains. The type strain of the novel species is SH051 (=NBRC 116195=DSM 116141).
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Propionates; Anaerobiosis; Farms; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Base Composition; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; DNA, Bacterial; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Propionibacteriaceae; Bacteria, Anaerobic
PubMed: 38573743
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006320 -
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2024Propionic acid fermentation from renewable feedstock suffers from low volumetric productivity and final product concentration, which limits the industrial feasibility of...
High cell density sequential batch fermentation for enhanced propionic acid production from glucose and glycerol/glucose mixture using Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici.
BACKGROUND
Propionic acid fermentation from renewable feedstock suffers from low volumetric productivity and final product concentration, which limits the industrial feasibility of the microbial route. High cell density fermentation techniques overcome these limitations. Here, propionic acid (PA) production from glucose and a crude glycerol/glucose mixture was evaluated using Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, in high cell density (HCD) batch fermentations with cell recycle. The agro-industrial by-product, heat-treated potato juice, was used as N-source.
RESULTS
Using 40 g/L glucose for nine consecutive batches yielded an average of 18.76 ± 1.34 g/L of PA per batch (0.59 g/g) at a maximum rate of 1.15 g/L.h, and a maximum biomass of 39.89 g/L. Succinic acid (SA) and acetic acid (AA) were obtained as major by-products and the mass ratio of PA:SA:AA was 100:23:25. When a crude glycerol/glucose mixture (60 g/L:30 g/L) was used for 6 consecutive batches with cell recycle, an average of 35.36 ± 2.17 g/L of PA was obtained per batch (0.51 g/g) at a maximum rate of 0.35 g/L.h, and reaching a maximum biomass concentration of 12.66 g/L. The PA:SA:AA mass ratio was 100:29:3. Further addition of 0.75 mg/L biotin as a supplement to the culture medium enhanced the cell growth reaching 21.89 g/L, and PA productivity to 0.48 g/L.h, but also doubled AA concentration.
CONCLUSION
This is the highest reported productivity from glycerol/glucose co-fermentation where majority of the culture medium components comprised industrial by-products (crude glycerol and HTPJ). HCD batch fermentations with cell recycling are promising approaches towards industrialization of the bioprocess.
Topics: Fermentation; Glycerol; Glucose; Acetic Acid; Propionibacterium; Propionates; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 38532467
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02366-5 -
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and... Jul 2024In this study, we applied AcmB2, sourced from Sterolibacterium denitrificans, to catalyze the oxidative dehydrogenation of 3-ketolupeol (lupenone), a derivative of...
In this study, we applied AcmB2, sourced from Sterolibacterium denitrificans, to catalyze the oxidative dehydrogenation of 3-ketolupeol (lupenone), a derivative of lupeol, triterpene obtained from birch bark. This enzymatic Δ-dehydrogenation catalyzed by AcmB2 yielded glochidone, a bioactive compound frequently obtained from medicinal plants like Salvia trichoclada and Maytenus boria. Glochidone is known for its broad biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Our research demonstrates >99% conversion efficiency with 100% regioselectivity of the reaction. The effective conversion to glochidone employed an electron acceptor e.g., potassium hexacyanoferrate III, in mild, environmentally friendly conditions: 8-16% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 2-3% 2-methoxyethanol. AcmB2 reaction optimum was determined at pH 8.0 and 30 °C. Enzyme's biochemical attributes such as electron acceptor type, concentration and steroid substrate specificity were investigated. Among 4-, 5- and 6-ring steroid derivatives androst-4-en-3,17-dione and testosterone propionate were determined as the best substrates of AcmB2. Δ-Dehydrogenation of substrates such as lupenone, diosgenone and 3-ketopetromyzonol was confirmed. We have assessed the antioxidant and rejuvenating characteristics of glochidone as an active component in formulations, considering its precursors, lupeol, and lupenone as well. Glochidone exhibited limited antioxidant and chelating capabilities compared to lupeol and reference compounds. However, it demonstrated robust rejuvenating properties, with a sirtuin induction level of 61.5 ± 1.87%, notably surpassing that of the reference substance, E-resveratrol (45.15 ± 0.09%). Additionally, glochidone displayed 26.5±0.67 and 19.41±0.76% inhibition of elastase and collagenase, respectively. The safety of all studied triterpenes was confirmed on skin reconstructed human Epidermis model. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications of glochidone in formulations aimed at addressing skin health concerns. This research presents the first example of an enzyme in the 3-ketosteroid dehydrogenase (KstD) family catalyzing the Δ-dehydrogenation of a pentacyclic triterpene. We also explored structural differences between AcmB, AcmB2, and related KstDs pointing to G52 and P532 as potentially responsible for the unique substrate specificity of AcmB2. Our findings not only highlight the enzyme's capabilities but also present novel enzymatic pathways for bioactive compound synthesis.
Topics: Propionibacteriaceae; Humans; Skin; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Substrate Specificity; Oxidoreductases; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 38521362
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106513 -
Environmental Microbiome Mar 2024Bacteria and fungi are dynamically interconnected, leading to beneficial or antagonistic relationships with plants. Within this interkingdom interaction, the microbial...
BACKGROUND
Bacteria and fungi are dynamically interconnected, leading to beneficial or antagonistic relationships with plants. Within this interkingdom interaction, the microbial community directly associated with the pathogen make up the pathobiome. While the overall soil bacterial community associated with Fusarium wilt diseases has been widely examined, the specific bacterial populations that directly interact with the Fusarium wilt pathogens are yet to be discovered. In this study, we define the bacterial community associated with the hyphae of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 (FON2). Using the 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, we describe the hyphosphere pathobiome of three isolates of FON2.
RESULTS
Our results show a core microbiome that is shared among the three tested hyphospheres. The core hyphosphere community was made up of 15 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) that were associated with all three FON2 isolates. This core consisted of bacterial members of the families, Oxalobacteraceae, Propionibacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Micrococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and unclassified bacteria. The hyphosphere of FON2 was dominated by order Burkholderiales. While all three isolate hyphospheres were dominated by these taxa, the specific OTU differed. We also note that while the dominant OTU of one hyphosphere might not be the largest OTU for other hyphospheres, they were still present across all the three isolate hyphospheres. Additionally, in the correlation and co-occurrence analysis the most abundant OTU was negatively correlated with most of the other OTU populations within the hyphosphere.
CONCLUSIONS
The study indicates a core microbiota associated with FON2. These results provide insights into the microbe-microbe dynamic of the pathogen's success and its ability to recruit a core pathobiome. Our research promotes the concept of pathogens not being lone invaders but recruits from the established host microbiome to form a pathobiome.
PubMed: 38461269
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00558-5 -
Metabolic Engineering May 2024Cheese taste and flavour properties result from complex metabolic processes occurring in microbial communities. A deeper understanding of such mechanisms makes it...
Cheese taste and flavour properties result from complex metabolic processes occurring in microbial communities. A deeper understanding of such mechanisms makes it possible to improve both industrial production processes and end-product quality through the design of microbial consortia. In this work, we caracterise the metabolism of a three-species community consisting of Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium freudenreichii during a seven-week cheese production process. Using genome-scale metabolic models and omics data integration, we modeled and calibrated individual dynamics using monoculture experiments, and coupled these models to capture the metabolism of the community. This model accurately predicts the dynamics of the community, enlightening the contribution of each microbial species to organoleptic compound production. Further metabolic exploration revealed additional possible interactions between the bacterial species. This work provides a methodological framework for the prediction of community-wide metabolism and highlights the added value of dynamic metabolic modeling for the comprehension of fermented food processes.
Topics: Cheese; Models, Biological; Lactococcus lactis; Lactobacillus plantarum; Propionibacterium freudenreichii
PubMed: 38460783
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2024.02.014 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Apr 2024Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an anaerobic and gram-positive bacterium involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. This study particularly...
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an anaerobic and gram-positive bacterium involved in the pathogenesis and inflammation of acne vulgaris. This study particularly focuses on the antimicrobial effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LPH01 against P. acnes, a bacterium that causes acne vulgaris. Fifty-seven Lactobacillus strains were tested for their ability to inhibit P. acnes growth employing the Oxford Cup and double dilution methods. The cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. paracasei LPH01 demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect, with an inhibition zone diameter of 24.65 ± 0.27 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. Among the CFS, the fraction over 10 kDa (CFS-10) revealed the best antibacterial effect. Confocal laser scanning microscopes and flow cytometry showed that CFS-10 could reduce cell metabolic activity and cell viability and destroy the integrity and permeability of the cell membrane. A scanning electron microscope revealed that bacterial cells exhibited obvious morphological and ultrastructural changes, which further confirmed the damage of CFS-10 to the cell membrane and cell wall. Findings demonstrated that CFS-10 inhibited the conversion of triglycerides, decreased the production of free fatty acids, and down-regulated the extracellular expression of the lipase gene. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolite of L. paracasei LPH01 as a potential antibiotic alternative in cosmeceutical skincare products.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acne Vulgaris; Inflammation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38423403
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106598 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Jul 2024Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the shoulder are a devastating complication of shoulder arthroplasty and are commonly caused by Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium...
The effect of different antibiotic combinations in calcium sulfate cement on the growth of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus periprosthetic shoulder infection isolates.
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) of the shoulder are a devastating complication of shoulder arthroplasty and are commonly caused by Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium acnes. Absorbable calcium sulfate (CS) beads are sometimes used for delivering antibiotics in PJI. This study evaluates the in vitro effect of different combinations of gentamicin, vancomycin, and ertapenem in beads made from CS cement on the growth of C acnes and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) strains.
METHODS
Three strains of C acnes and 5 strains of CNS from clinically proven shoulder PJI were cultured and plated with CS beads containing combinations of vancomycin, gentamicin, and ertapenem. Plates with C acnes were incubated anaerobically while plates with Staphylococcus were incubated aerobically at 37 °C. Zones of inhibition were measured at intervals of 3 and 7 days using a modified Kirby Bauer technique, and beads were moved to plates containing freshly streaked bacteria every seventh day. This process was run in triplicate over the course of 56 days. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v. 28 with repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and pairwise comparisons with Tukey correction.
RESULTS
In experiments with C acnes, beads containing ertapenem + vancomycin and vancomycin alone formed the largest zones of inhibition over time (P < .001). In experiments with Staphylococcus, beads containing vancomycin alone formed the largest zones of inhibition over time for all 5 strains (P < .001). Zones of inhibition were 1.4x larger for C acnes than for Staphylococcus with beads containing vancomycin alone. For both C acnes and Staphylococcus, beads containing ertapenem had the strongest initial effect, preventing all bacterial growth in C acnes and almost all growth for Staphylococcus during the first week but dropping substantially by the second week. Beads containing gentamicin alone consistently created smaller zones of inhibition than beads containing vancomycin alone, with vancomycin producing zones 5.3x larger than gentamicin in C acnes and 1.3x larger in Staphylococcus (P < .001).
DISCUSSION
These data suggest that for both C acnes and Staphylococcal species, CS beads impregnated with vancomycin were most effective at producing a robust antibiotic effect. Additionally, ertapenem may be a viable supplement in order to create a more potent initial antibiotic effect but is not as effective as vancomycin when used alone. Gentamicin alone was not effective in maintaining consistent and long-term antibiotic effects. These results indicate that amongst the antibiotics currently commercially available to be used with CS, vancomycin is consistently superior to gentamicin in the setting of C. acnes and CNS.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Calcium Sulfate; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Staphylococcus; Vancomycin; Bone Cements; Propionibacterium acnes; Gentamicins; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Ertapenem; Shoulder Joint; Staphylococcal Infections; Shoulder Prosthesis; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 38417732
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.01.021 -
International Orthopaedics May 2024
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Arthritis, Infectious; Lower Extremity; Dyslipidemias
PubMed: 38416187
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-024-06123-6 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Jun 2024Acne is a common skin issue that typically occurs during adolescence. It causes long-lasting redness and swelling in the skin. An alternative approach to treating acne...
BACKGROUND
Acne is a common skin issue that typically occurs during adolescence. It causes long-lasting redness and swelling in the skin. An alternative approach to treating acne could involve using a cosmetic facial mask containing herbal ingredients such as Curcumin and Rosa Damascena extract for its antibacterial properties.
AIMS
This study aims to create and try out a peel-off mask gel made from Curcumin and R. Damascena extract. This gel is intended to have the ability to kill bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Propionibacterium acnes and remove dead cells from the skin surface.
METHODS
The peel-off mask was made using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in 8% and 10% as solidifier. The evaluation of peel-off masks comprises the examination of physiochemical and mechanical aspects. Furthermore, their longevity, effectiveness, and antibacterial properties are also considered.
RESULTS
The white color, pleasant smell, and soft texture were the defining features of the peel-off gel mask. The changes in PVA affect the pH level, thickness, and how quickly the peel-off mask dries. The stability test found that the peel-off mask had no significant physical changes when exposed to freezing and thawing. However, there were some differences in color and separation when using the real-time method. A prepared peel-off mask containing 10% PVA and curcumin works best against P. acne. The amount of PVA in the formula affected the physical and chemical qualities, but it did not impact on the antibacterial abilities of the peel-off mask gel. The best formula that gives the best results uses 10% PVA + curcumin.
CONCLUSIONS
Using the Curcumin and R. Damascena extract in the creation of the peel-off mask gel ensures its efficacy and safety for skin application.
Topics: Curcumin; Plant Extracts; Rosa; Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Acne Vulgaris; Staphylococcus aureus; Propionibacterium acnes; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Escherichia coli; Skin Cream; Skin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 38406887
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16255