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Histology and Histopathology Jun 2024Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment can effectively increase the tolerance of the brain to ischemic stroke. The mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by EA is related...
OBJECTIVE
Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment can effectively increase the tolerance of the brain to ischemic stroke. The mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by EA is related to Nrf2, but its specific mechanism has not been elucidated. This paper was designed to explore the effect of EA pretreatment on brain injury and the related mechanisms.
METHODS
Rats were pretreated with EA before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) modeling. The symptoms of neurological deficit and the volume of cerebral infarction were measured. The levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress-related factors, LPO, ROS, and Fe were evaluated by the corresponding kits. Cell apoptosis was determined through TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was examined by RT-qPCR, and the protein expression of ferroptosis-related factors, pyroptosis-related proteins, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 by western blotting.
RESULTS
EA pretreatment improved the symptoms of neurological deficit and reduced the volume of cerebral infarction. EA pretreatment significantly inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis in brain tissues of MCAO rats. Mechanistically, EA pretreatment could activate Nrf2 expression and reduce Keap1 expression.
CONCLUSION
EA pretreatment reduced inflammation and oxidative stress and inhibited ferroptosis by activating Nrf2 expression, ultimately delaying the development of ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 38958062
DOI: 10.14670/HH-18-780 -
Telemedicine Journal and E-health : the... Jul 2024Cochlear implants and hearing aids may facilitate the development of listening and spoken language (LSL) in deaf/hard of hearing young children, but they require aural...
Cochlear implants and hearing aids may facilitate the development of listening and spoken language (LSL) in deaf/hard of hearing young children, but they require aural rehabilitation therapy-often unavailable outside urban areas-for optimal outcomes. This trial assessed the relative effectiveness of LSL therapy delivered either in person or by interactive video. The hypothesis was that telehealth service delivery would be noninferior to in-person therapy. Most parents refused randomization of their children to telehealth or in-person conditions; therefore, randomization was impossible. In consultation with the funder (NIDCD), the study design was modified. Parents were allowed to select their preferred study condition, and the study team was blinded to group membership. Forty-two families were in the in-person group and 35 in telehealth (40 and 30, respectively, after attrition). Primary endpoints were total score, auditory comprehension, and expressive communication on the Preschool Language Scale, 5th edition. There were several secondary speech, hearing, and language outcome measures. Assessments occurred at baseline and at follow-up after 6 months of LSL therapy. Propensity scores were used to create two matched groups. At baseline, groups did not differ on PLS-5 scores. Change from baseline to F/U on age-equivalents for all three scores was nearly identical for both groups, although the telehealth group was younger, on average, than the in-person group. Telehealth was noninferior to in-person services for all primary endpoints. For secondary outcomes, neither group demonstrated a significant advantage. Magnitudes of estimated group differences were small, suggesting nonsignificant differences not predominantly because of sample size. The telehealth group showed greater improvement on 15/24 of secondary language outcome measures. The findings provide evidence that telehealth is equivalent to in-person care for providing LSL therapy to young children with cochlear implants and hearing aids.
PubMed: 38957961
DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0634 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... Apr 2024For successfully managing pediatric dental patients, local anesthesia is essential to eliminate pain during or after the operative period. An early recovery from... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
CONTEXT
For successfully managing pediatric dental patients, local anesthesia is essential to eliminate pain during or after the operative period. An early recovery from soft-tissue anesthesia after an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) should benefit a young child patient by avoiding the risk of inadvertently biting the soft tissues.
AIMS
Hence, the purpose of the study was to (1) evaluate and compare the efficacy of pre- and postoperative ibuprofen on pain perception in children who undergo IANB anesthesia with or without the use of PM and (2) evaluate the average time required for reversal of anesthesia symptoms using phentolamine mesylate.
METHODS
The present study was a randomized, clinical trial performed among 60 children between 6 and 8 years of age using a convenient sampling method. The children were randomly assigned into four equal groups of 15 each using the computer-generated randomization sequence. IANB anesthesia was performed using 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and a mandibular primary molar pulpotomy was performed on each group. Group 1: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure. Group 2: ibuprofen tablet 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. Group 3: the ibuprofen tablet was taken 1 h before the onset of the procedure, and the Phentolamine mesylate (PM) injection was administered. Group 4: immediately after the pulpotomy, the PM injection was administered, and an ibuprofen tablet was taken 30 min after the pulpotomy procedure. All children were assessed for the duration of soft-tissue anesthesia, their behavior scores and pain rating, as well as the incidence of postoperative self-inflicted injuries.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the average time needed for the reversal of anesthetic symptoms between groups. The effects of phentolamine, local anesthetics, and ibuprofen on the child's behavior and pain scores were compared using the Student's t-test. For the study, P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The time needed for the full reversal of anesthetic symptoms to manifest on the tongue and lip was substantially reduced by the injection of phentolamine (P < 0.001). The use of phentolamine for reversal or the intake of ibuprofen pre- or postoperatively did not exhibit any significant variation in the behavior, pain experience, or incidence of self-inflicted injuries in the child.
CONCLUSION
It is evident that although phentolamine injections shorten the duration of anesthesia, the adjunctive use of pre- or postoperative ibuprofen did not significantly alter pain scores.
Topics: Humans; Phentolamine; Child; Ibuprofen; Nerve Block; Anesthesia, Dental; Female; Male; Mandibular Nerve; Anesthetics, Local; Pain Perception; Pain, Postoperative; Pulpotomy; Lidocaine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 38957911
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_119_24 -
Health Science Reports Jul 2024One of the leading reasons that patients, particularly older persons, are brought to the orthopedic emergency room is a fracture at the end of the radius. In this study,...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
One of the leading reasons that patients, particularly older persons, are brought to the orthopedic emergency room is a fracture at the end of the radius. In this study, a new traction method for distal radius fractures was compared with manual reduction.
METHODS
The census method was used in this clinical trial to study 45 patients (46 hands) who were referred to Hamedan Besat Hospital in 2021. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. The manual reduction (pressure and traction by an assistant and a doctor) method was implemented in Group A, and the new traction procedure (pressure and traction by hardware or a device) was performed in Group B. The radiographic results of reduction in both groups were investigated and compared immediately and in the first and 6 weeks after surgery.
RESULTS
The following results were observed in the new and manual groups in the sixth week after surgery: average volar tilt: 4.19 ± 3.79 and 4.08 ± 3.88 ( = 0.926), radial angulation: 2.18 ± 1.27 and 2.21 ± 1.35 ( = 0.934), radial shortening: 10.52 ± 0.65 and 10.56 ± 0.68 ( = 0.828), radial inclination: 22.52 ± 2.46 and 22.71 ± 2.01 ( = 0.787), dorsal angulation: -5.89 ± 0.33 and 5.22 ± -1.91 ( = 1.00), ulnar variance: 1.66 ± 0.90 and 1.67 ± 0.81 ( = 0.958), and average pain score: 2.40 ± 0.68 and 2.47 ± 0.73 ( = 0.737).
CONCLUSION
The new reduction procedure with hardware in patients with distal radius fractures showed the same effect as the traditional method based on pressure and traction by the assistant and doctor in terms of radiographic changes and pain score of the fracture site.
PubMed: 38957863
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2227 -
Cureus Apr 2024A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although timely anticoagulation is the first-line treatment for DVT, an...
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening complication of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Although timely anticoagulation is the first-line treatment for DVT, an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter can be considered when anticoagulation is contraindicated. Unfortunately, IVC filters come with complications of their own, including thrombus formation in or around the filter. An 89-year-old man with a past medical history of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and prior DVT status post IVC filter implantation five years ago in 2018 presented with hypotension, dizziness, and syncope. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest showed bilateral PEs. Venous Doppler ultrasound of the bilateral lower extremities was negative for DVT. CT venogram was performed; however, the contrast filling was suboptimal and as such, a venous thrombosis could not be ruled out. Therefore, an inferior vena cavagram was performed through the right common femoral vein and confirmed a large thrombus positioned cephalad to the IVC filter. A thrombectomy was performed and the IVC filter was replaced given the patient was at high risk for venous thromboembolism recurrence and complications. Although an IVC filter offers some protection from recurrent PEs, it does have risks and complications. As seen in our patient, the IVC filter can be a nidus for the formation of a thrombus which has the risk of dislodging. When evaluating a patient for the source of a PE, it is important to consider prior IVC implant and perform further workups, such as a CT venogram or an inferior vena cavagram, to evaluate for thrombus in or around the filter.
PubMed: 38957832
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58529 -
Cureus Apr 2024We present a unique case of an 80-year-old male who presented to our emergency department following cardiac defibrillation when he was found to be in polymorphic...
We present a unique case of an 80-year-old male who presented to our emergency department following cardiac defibrillation when he was found to be in polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) after a syncopal event while at cardiac rehabilitation. He had known coronary artery disease and had a four-vessel coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 20 years prior to presentation. He underwent left heart catheterization (LHC) two months prior to the syncopal event for worsening shortness of breath and the decision at that time was to proceed with medical management and intervene with redo-CABG if shortness of breath did not improve or progressively worsened. While admitted under our care after the polymorphic VT event, we faced the dilemma of whether to proceed with redo-CABG first since cardiac ischemia is a common cause of polymorphic VT or whether to insert an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) before proceeding with redo-CABG. We present the current literature that addresses ICD implantation for secondary prevention and our approach to this complicated case.
PubMed: 38957826
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58543 -
Cureus Apr 2024Background Spinal metastatic disease is a silent progressive cancer complication with an increasing prevalence worldwide. The spine is the third most common site where...
Background Spinal metastatic disease is a silent progressive cancer complication with an increasing prevalence worldwide. The spine is the third most common site where solid tumors metastasize. Complications involved in spinal metastasis include root or spinal cord compression, progressing to a declining quality of life as patient autonomy reduces and pain increases. The main objective of this study is to report the incidence of patients and typology of spinal metastases in three reference centers in Mexico. Methodology Retrospective cohorts of patients diagnosed with spinal metastases from January 2010 to February 2017 at the National Cancer Institute, National Rehabilitation Institute, and the Traumatology and Orthopedics Hospital "Lomas Verdes" in Mexico City were analyzed. Results A total of 326 patients (56% males) with spinal metastases were reported. The mean age was 58.06 ± 14.05 years. The main sources of spinal metastases were tumors of unknown origin in 53 (16.25%) cases, breast cancer in 67 (20.5%) cases, prostate cancer in 59 (18%) cases, myeloma in 24 (7.4%) cases, and lung cancer in 23 (7.1%) cases. Conclusions The data obtained in this analysis delivers an updated standpoint on Mexico, providing the opportunity to distinguish the current data from global references. Collecting more epidemiological information for better recording of cancer and its associated complications, as well as further studies on them, is necessary.
PubMed: 38957823
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58546 -
IScience Jun 2024Aerobic exercise training (AET) has emerged as a strategy to reduce cancer mortality, however, the mechanisms explaining AET on tumor development remain unclear. Tumors...
Aerobic exercise training (AET) has emerged as a strategy to reduce cancer mortality, however, the mechanisms explaining AET on tumor development remain unclear. Tumors escape immune detection by generating immunosuppressive microenvironments and impaired T cell function, which is associated with T cell mitochondrial loss. AET improves mitochondrial content and function, thus we tested whether AET would modulate mitochondrial metabolism in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Balb/c mice were subjected to a treadmill AET protocol prior to CT26 colon carcinoma cells injection and until tumor harvest. Tissue hypoxia, TIL infiltration and effector function, and mitochondrial content, morphology and function were evaluated. AET reduced tumor growth, improved survival, and decreased tumor hypoxia. An increased CD8 TIL infiltration, IFN-γ and ATP production promoted by AET was correlated with reduced mitochondrial loss in these cells. Collectively, AET decreases tumor growth partially by increasing CD8 TIL effector function through an improvement in their mitochondrial content and function.
PubMed: 38957793
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110121 -
IScience Jun 2024Osteophyte formation, a key indicator of osteoarthritis (OA) severity, remains poorly understood in its relation to gut microbiota and metabolites in knee osteoarthritis...
Osteophyte formation, a key indicator of osteoarthritis (OA) severity, remains poorly understood in its relation to gut microbiota and metabolites in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). We conducted 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics on fecal and serum samples from 20 healthy volunteers, 80 KOA patients in Guangdong, and 100 in Inner Mongolia, respectively. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 3 genera and 5 serum metabolites associated with KOA osteophyte formation. Blautia abundance negatively correlated with meat, cheese, and bean consumption. The 5 serum metabolites negatively correlated with dairy, beef, cheese, sugar, and salt intake, yet positively with age and oil consumption. Higher Blautia levels in the gut may contribute to KOA osteophyte formation, with serum metabolites LTB4 and PGD2 potentially serving as biomarkers. KOA patients in Inner Mongolia exhibited lower Blautia levels and reduced expression of 5 serum metabolites, possibly due to cheese consumption habits, resulting in less osteophyte formation.
PubMed: 38957790
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110111 -
Toxicology Research Aug 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR) a common and complicated upper airway disease mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Our study aims to explore the pharmacological effects of...
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) a common and complicated upper airway disease mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Our study aims to explore the pharmacological effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on AR and elucidate the mechanisms involved.
METHODS
RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression. Interleukin (IL)-13-treated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) was employed as the AR cell model. Cell apoptosis and viability were evaluated by TUNEL staining and MTT assay, respectively. ROS level was examined by the DCFH-DA probe. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by the corresponding kits. FBXW7 mA modification level was assessed by MeRIP assay.
METHODS
Our results showed that APS treatment reduced cell apoptosis, ROS, and MDA levels while increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels in IL-13-treated hNECs by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, APS alleviated IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs by downregulating WTAP. In addition, WTAP knockdown increased FBXW7 mRNA stability by regulating FBXW7 mRNA mA modification. It also turned out that APS alleviated IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs through the WTAP/FBXW7 axis.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, APS inhibited WTAP-mediated FBXW7 mA modification to alleviate IL-13-induced oxidative stress injury in hNECs.
PubMed: 38957784
DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae099