-
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2024Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are often reported in South American camelids (SAC). We describe here cases of gastroduodenal adenocarcinoma in an adult alpaca () and a...
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas are often reported in South American camelids (SAC). We describe here cases of gastroduodenal adenocarcinoma in an adult alpaca () and a llama (); both SACs were anorectic and lethargic before death. At autopsy, a prominent and firm caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal junction with stricture and ulceration was present in both animals, as were hemorrhages in various organs and hydrothorax. Microscopically, scattered nests, cords, and tortuous acini of neoplastic epithelial cells were embedded in desmoplastic stroma and invaded the submucosa and muscle layers of the gastroduodenal junction. The mucosa was necrotic, with gram-negative rods in the alpaca and colonies of gram-positive cocci in the llama. No tumor metastases were observed. The neoplastic cells immunolabeled for pancytokeratin. was isolated from the alpaca and from the llama; septicemia was the cause of death in both animals. Although adenocarcinomas arising from gastric compartments and intestinal segments have been reported in SACs, adenocarcinoma of the caudal C3-pyloric-duodenal junction has not been reported previously in these species, to our knowledge.
Topics: Animals; Adenocarcinoma; Camelids, New World; Duodenal Neoplasms; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Fatal Outcome; Sepsis; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 38520120
DOI: 10.1177/10406387241239920 -
Journal of Equine Science Dec 2023In racehorses, feeding a high-concentrate diet could cause abnormal fermentation in the hindgut. This feeding management regime is not suitable for the nutritional...
In racehorses, feeding a high-concentrate diet could cause abnormal fermentation in the hindgut. This feeding management regime is not suitable for the nutritional physiology of horses. However, studies on the hindgut environment have yet to be reported in Japanese draft horses, so feeding management needs to be investigated in these horses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-concentrate diet on hindgut fermentation in Japanese draft horses. Feces were collected from 20 male Japanese draft horses managed by two stables with different feeding designs (65% weight ratio of concentrate feed, HC; 50% weight ratio of concentrate, MC), and fecal metabolic characteristics and the microbiome were analyzed. Higher lactate concentrations and lower fecal pH levels were observed in the HC group (P=0.0011, P=0.0192, respectively). Fecal microbiome analysis revealed a decrease in microbial diversity (P=0.0360) and an increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcus lutetiensis/equinus/infantarius (P=0.0011) in the HC group. On the other hand, fibrolytic bacteria in the MC group had similarities with Clostridium sacchalolyticum and Ruminococcus albus. This study revealed that overfeeding of concentrates induced abnormal fermentation in the hindgut of Japanese draft horses. This suggests that the establishment of a feeding design based on not only the chemical compositions of feeds but also microbial dynamics is needed.
PubMed: 38274554
DOI: 10.1294/jes.34.101 -
Food Technology and Biotechnology Dec 2023Heat-stabilised defatted rice bran (HSDRB) is a primary by-product of rice bran oil extraction industry and a nutritious source of protein. However, despite the unique...
RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Heat-stabilised defatted rice bran (HSDRB) is a primary by-product of rice bran oil extraction industry and a nutritious source of protein. However, despite the unique nutritional profile of rice bran protein, the protein-rich by-product, HSDRB is underutilised as a low-value animal feed. Research on protein extraction from HSDRB by enzymatic hydrolysis has attracted the attention of numerous scientists. However, a cost-effective extraction method is required to mitigate the high costs associated with the use of enzymes. Therefore, we have presented an alternative economical and natural approach for protein extraction from HSDRB by solid-state fermentation (SSF) with heterofermentative microbes.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
SSF of HSDRB with two types of traditional Asian fermentation starters, namely loog-pang and koji, were evaluated for enzyme production and their efficacy in extracting proteins from HSDRB. For this purpose, HSDRB fermentation was carried out for 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h followed by 24-hour hydrolysis to evaluate the extracted rice bran protein. In addition, microbiome diversity in the fermentation starters was also determined by metagenomic sequencing of 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer to identify bacteria and fungi, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The microbial community in the fermentation starters showed the dominance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as in loog-pang and , and in koji, while yeast species and dominated the fungal diversity in loog-pang and koji starters, respectively. The results suggest that loog-pang and koji can produce cellulase, neutral and acid proteases during fermentation. Despite the discrepancy in their microbial diversity and the enzyme activity during SSF, both starters could effectively increase protein extraction from HSDRB. A positive relationship between the SSF duration and extracted protein was observed. During SSF with loog-pang and koji after 72 h followed by 24-hour hydrolysis, 65.66 and 66.67 % protein was extracted from HSDRB, respectively. The amino acid analysis of the protein hydrolysate produced by the non-fermented and fermented methods showed no difference and had an abundance of glutamic and aspartic acids, leucine, arginine, alanine and glycine amino acids, which accounted for approx. 58 % of the total amino acids.
NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION
Loog-pang and koji (traditional Thai and Japanese fermentation starters, respectively) were found to be effective in extracting proteins from HSDRB by SSF although they are inexpensive microbial enzyme sources. Future research aimed at scaling up HSDRB protein extraction for usage in industrial applications can draw on our results.
PubMed: 38205047
DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.04.23.8255 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2024Raw milk from native small ruminant breeds in Epirus, Greece, is a valuable natural source of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with superior...
Antilisterial activity of raw sheep milk from two native Epirus breeds: Culture-dependent identification, bacteriocin gene detection and primary safety evaluation of the antagonistic LAB biota.
Raw milk from native small ruminant breeds in Epirus, Greece, is a valuable natural source of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains with superior biotechnological properties. In this study, two bulk milks (RM1, RM2) from two local sheep yards, intended for traditional Kefalotyri cheese production, were preselected for bacteriocin-like antilisterial activity by in vitro tests. Their antagonistic LAB biota was quantified followed by polyphasic (16S rRNA gene sequencing; IGS for ; a multiplex-PCR for ) identification of 42 LAB (RM1/18; RM2/24) isolates further evaluated for bacteriocin encoding genes and primary safety traits. Representative isolates of the numerically dominant mesophilic LAB were (10) in both RMs, (7) in RM2, and (1) in RM1; the subdominant thermophilic LAB isolates were (8), (6), (3), (1), (1), (2), (1) and (1). Based on their and profiles, six strains (8 isolates) were atypical lying between the subspecies and whereas two strains profiled with subsp. that is first-time reported in Greek dairy food. Two RM1 strain biotypes (3 isolates) showed strong, enterocin-mediated antilisterial activity due to possession. One from RM1 possessed and , while additional nine RM2 isolates of the group processed or singly. All showed direct (cell-associated) antilisterial activity only, as also both strains from RM2 did strongly. Desirably, no LAB isolate was β-hemolyrtic, or cytolysin-positive, or possessed for vancomycin resistance, or and virulence genes. However, all three from RM2 possessed and/or virulence genes. In conclusion, all strains, the two safe, enterocin A-B-P-producing strains, and the two antilisterial strains should be validated further as potential costarter or adjunct cultures in Kefalotyri cheese. The prevalence of α-hemolytic pyogenic streptococci in raw milk, mainly in RM2, requires consideration in respect to subclinical mastitis in sheep and the farm hygiene overall.
PubMed: 38116185
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100209 -
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke... Sep 2023To investigate the characteristics of nasal flora and the pathogenic role of differential microbiome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis...
To investigate the characteristics of nasal flora and the pathogenic role of differential microbiome in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (nAR). Thirty-five patients with AR who attended the rhinology outpatient clinic of the Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University from February to July 2022 were selected. A total of 35 nAR patients were selected as the test group, and 20 cases of healthy people with physical examination at the same period were selected as the control group, including 39 males and 51 females, aged 8 to 55 years. 16SrDNA High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the relative abundance from nasal flora in the three groups of subjects. Alpha diversity index analysis was conducted with R software, and differences between groups were analyzed with LEfSe, Metastats, and tests. At the same time, the role of microbiome and its relationship with environmental factors were analyzed with R software. There was a significant difference in the bacterial composition of the samples from the three groups, with the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus (=0.032) and Corynebacterium proinquum (=0.032) within the AR group being significantly higher than that of the nAR group, and that of Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus kunkeei, and Alcaligenes faecalis ( value was 0.016, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively) being significantly lower than that of the nAR group. The relative abundance of Ackermannia muciniphila within the nAR group was higher than that of the control group (=0.009). Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed a negative correlation between Lactobacillus kunkeei and IgE (=0.044), and a positive correlation between Lactobacillus murinus and age (=0.019). AR and nAR random forest prediction models were constructed for the five genera, respectively, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the models of Streptococcus-SP-FF10, Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Pseudomonas parafulva, Acinetobacter ursingii, and Azotobacter chroococcum in the AR group was 100% (95%CI: 100% to 100%). The AUC for the Pseudomonas parafulva, Azotobacter chroococcum, Closoridium baratii, Turicibacter-SP-H121, and Streptococcus lutetiensis models in the nAR group was 98.4% (95%CI: 94.9% to 100%). The distribution of nasal flora in AR patients, nAR patients and healthy subjects is significantly different, and the changes of bacterial flora abundance are significantly related to the occurrence of AR and nAR. Combined detection of microbiota has the potential to diagnose AR and nAR patients.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37675527
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20221012-00605 -
Journal of Biotechnology Jul 2023A newly isolated culture is identified as Streptococcus lutetiensis with significant starch saccharifying activity. Along with considerable amylolytic property (∼...
A newly isolated culture is identified as Streptococcus lutetiensis with significant starch saccharifying activity. Along with considerable amylolytic property (∼ 2.71 U/mL), the culture exhibited significant production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in starch medium. Interestingly, the glycosyl transferase activity which is essential in the biosynthesis of polysaccharide is also detected in the culture and after screening and process optimization, a maximum EPS titre of 19.92 ± 0.5 g/L was obtained from cassava starch. The crude EPS, after purification and characterization (monosaccharide analysis, FT-IR, TGA, GPC NMR, and SEM) was found to be of dextran nature with a Mw of 1275.36 kDa. Dextran type exopolysaccharide are synthesized by dextransucrase enzyme by the transfer of glucosyl residues from sucrose to dextran polymer. Interestingly, the glycosyl transferase enzyme activity which is essential in the biosynthesis of EPS is also detected in the culture. The particle size (447.8 dnm) and the zeta potential (-33.4) analysis of the purified EPS showed that the EPS produced is a stable molecule and has a random coil confirmation when exposed to alkaline condition with shear thinning property. One step conversion of sustainable low-cost starchy raw materials without adding external enzymes for hydrolysis, improved the economic viability of EPS production.
Topics: Starch; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Dextrans; Streptococcus; Transferases; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 37302716
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.06.002 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2023This study investigated the tetracycline resistance potential of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from twenty-four freshwater fin-fish culture ponds in Andhra Pradesh,...
AIMS
This study investigated the tetracycline resistance potential of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from twenty-four freshwater fin-fish culture ponds in Andhra Pradesh, India.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A total of 261 tetracycline resistant bacteria (tetR) were recovered from pond water, pond sediment, fish gills, fish intestine, and fish feed. Bacteria with high tetracycline resistance (tetHR) (n = 30) that were resistant to tetracycline concentrations above 128 μg mL-1 were predominantly Lactococcus garvieae followed by Enterobacter spp., Lactococcus lactis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus arlettae, Streptococcus lutetiensis, Staphylococcus spp., Brevundimonas faecalis, Exiguobacterium profundum, Lysinibacillus spp., Stutzerimonas stutzeri, Enterobacter cloacae, and Lactococcus taiwanensis. Resistance to 1024 μg mL-1 of tetracycline was observed in L. garvieae, S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis. Tet(A) (67%) was the predominant resistance gene in tetHR followed by tet(L), tet(S), tet(K), and tet(M). At similar concentrations of exposure, tetracycline procured at the farm level (69.5% potency) exhibited lower inhibition against tetHR bacteria compared to pure tetracycline (99% potency). The tetHR bacteria showed higher cross-resistance to furazolidone (100%) followed by co-trimoxazole (47.5%) and enrofloxacin (11%).
CONCLUSIONS
The maximum threshold of tetracycline resistance at 1024 μg mL-1 was observed in S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis, and L. garvieae and tet(A) was the major determinant found in this study.
Topics: Animals; Tetracycline Resistance; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Tetracycline; Aquaculture; Fresh Water
PubMed: 36958862
DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad060 -
Clinical Rheumatology May 2023This healthy volunteer control-based study was conducted to explore alterations of compositions and function of gut microbiota in Chinese pSS patients.
OBJECTIVES
This healthy volunteer control-based study was conducted to explore alterations of compositions and function of gut microbiota in Chinese pSS patients.
METHOD
The high-throughput Illumina Miseq sequencing method, targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, was used to compare the microbiota communities between 30 pSS patients and 30 age-matched healthy volunteers. The intestinal dysbiosis of pSS patients was evaluated and its correlation with some disease phenotypes was analyzed. Furthermore, we performed the amino acid sequence alignment analysis to illustrate the molecular mimicry patterns of new microbial peptides.
RESULTS
Compared with that in healthy controls, the composition and function of the gut microbiota significantly differed in pSS patients. Certain genera and species, including genera: Escherichia-Shigella, Sardovia, Veillonella, Insteinimonas, and Lactobacillales; species: Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus phage Sal3, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus lutetiensis, Streptococcus mutans, Scardovia wiggsiae, and Fusobacterrium ulcerans were found to be enriched in the feces of pSS patients, while butyrate-producing bacteria were less abundant in pSS patients. Certain genera (including Lactobacillales) and species (including Lactobacillus gasseri) were associated with disease severity and therapy resistance parameters. Autoantigen epitopes of "WPSALPT, NPARSFG, MNPARSFG, and AFGLAIGT" from aquaporin-5 were aligned perfectly with one enriched microbiota of patients with pSS, namely Escherichia coli.
CONCLUSIONS
The composition and function of the gut microbiota significantly differed in pSS patients compared with that in healthy controls. Our study would facilitate the possible research on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of pSS.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Sjogren's Syndrome; Microbiota; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 36598587
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06451-1 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2022Izmir Brined Tulum (IBT) Cheese is a traditional semi hard cheese produced in the Aegean region of Türkiye. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from IBT cheese samples...
Identification of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius as the species primarily responsible for acid production in Izmir Brined Tulum Cheese from the Aegean Region of Türkiye.
Izmir Brined Tulum (IBT) Cheese is a traditional semi hard cheese produced in the Aegean region of Türkiye. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates from IBT cheese samples taken during manufacture and from mature IBT cheeses were investigated for their acid producing capability with the aim of detecting LAB strains responsible for acid production in IBT cheese. Forty two out of 216 isolates decreased the pH of milk to 5.0 or below in 18 h at 37 °C or 42 °C. 16S rRNA Sanger sequencing revealed the presence of LAB species that had not been detected in IBT cheese previously and, indeed, were identified for the first time as the primary acid producers. The majority of these acid producing isolates were identified as putative Streptococcus lutetiensis/Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (Sii). Further analysis by sequencing the groES/groEL genes of these isolates established that they were Sii. The remaining isolates from cheese samples taken during manufacture were identified as Streptococcus macedonicus, S. thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. sunkii and L. delbrueckii subsp. indicus and, from mature cheeses, as Enterococcus faecalis and L. delbrueckii subsp. sunkii. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) results revealed a large genetic diversity amongst the Sii isolates recovered from the IBT cheeses. It was also established that the Sii strains exhibited efficient and consistent acidification ability equivalent to S. thermophilus. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and comparative genome analysis of the representative Sii AYB210 strain provided further insights. More specifically, the genome of AYB210 differed from the previously sequenced African dairy isolate Sii CJ18 and the human isolate ATCC®BAA-102™. Modifications in the lactose operon, which may be an indicator of dairy adaptation, were identified and a high number of CRISPR spacers and putative bacteriocin, virulence factor and antibiotic resistance genes were also detected.
Topics: Animals; Cheese; Humans; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus; Lactococcus lactis; Milk; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus
PubMed: 36076456
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111707 -
Veterinary Sciences Aug 2022Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs...
Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs diagnosed with advanced stages of multicentric lymphoma was compared with that of healthy dogs and analyzed. For this purpose, dogs from veterinary hospitals diagnosed with lymphoma were selected and were further narrowed down to cases of stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Fecal samples from the selected sick and healthy dogs were collected and analyzed using MiSeq sequencing. The gut microbiota in the two groups of dogs was statistically analyzed and compared. The results revealed significant differences in the microbial populations present in sick and healthy dogs. Phylum Actinobacteria and two species ( and ) were found in high proportions in sick dogs and may be considered as potential biomarkers for canine stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Further investigations need to be conducted to understand the mechanisms they might be involved in.
PubMed: 36006324
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080409