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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2022, an emerging pathogen causing bovine mastitis, has not been well characterized. We reported that was pathogenic both and and caused inflammatory reactions in the...
, an emerging pathogen causing bovine mastitis, has not been well characterized. We reported that was pathogenic both and and caused inflammatory reactions in the mammary gland. However, roles of autophagy and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of -induced mastitis are unclear. In this study, an autophagy model of -infected bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) was used to assess oxidative stress and autophagy flux. Expressions of Beclin1, light chain 3II, and Sequestosome 1/p62 were elevated in bMECs after infection. In addition, autophagosome and lysosome formation confirmed autophagy occurred. Based on LysoTracker Red and acridine orange, lysosome degradation was blocked, and lower expressions of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2, cathepsins D, and cathepsins L confirmed lysosomal damage. Concurrently, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and basilic proteins associated with the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, were detected. Decreased keap1 and increased Nrf2, HO1, NQO1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicated increased oxidative stress. Treatment with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS inhibitor, decreased both oxidative stress and autophagy. Therefore, we concluded that caused intracellular oxidative stress and autophagy in bMECs. In addition, crosstalk between autophagy and oxidative stress affected the autophagic flux and blocked downstream autophagy. The Nrf2-keap1-p62 pathway participated in this process, with ROS acting upstream of these effects, interfering with normal cell functions.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Cattle; Epithelial Cells; Oxidative Stress; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35178153
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2549772 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2021Streptococcus lutetiensis, previously termed Streptococcus bovis type II/1, has rarely been associated with bovine mastitis. The objectives of this work were to...
Streptococcus lutetiensis, previously termed Streptococcus bovis type II/1, has rarely been associated with bovine mastitis. The objectives of this work were to characterize the molecular diversity, antimicrobial resistance profiles, virulence genes of Strep. lutetiensis (n = 37) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis, as well as its pathogenic effects in a murine mastitis model. Genetic relationships of isolates were determined by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR, virulence genes were detected by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by broth microdilution technique. The pathogenic effects of Strep. lutetiensis were studied with 2 infection models: bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro and murine mammary infection in vivo. Streptococcus lutetiensis isolates were clustered into 5 RAPD-types (A-E), with a dominant type A representing 84% of isolates. Eighteen (49%), 16 (43%), and 9 (24%) isolates were resistant to ceftiofur, tetracycline, and erythromycin, respectively. Prevalence of multidrug resistance (resistant to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials) was 24% (9/37). The most prevalent virulence genes were bca (100%), speG (100%), hly (97%), scpB (95%), and ssa (95%). There was no difference between isolates from mild and moderate cases of bovine mastitis in prevalence of virulence genes. Streptococcus lutetiensis rapidly adhered to and subsequently invaded (1 and 3 h after infection, respectively) bovine mammary epithelial cells, resulting in elevated lactate dehydrogenase release (4 h after infection). Edema and hyperemia were observed in challenged mammary glands and bacteria were consistently isolated at 12, 24, and 48 h after infection. In addition, numerous neutrophils migrated into gland alveoli and interstitium of infected mammary tissue. We concluded that Strep. lutetiensis had potential to spread within a dairy herd and good adaptive ability in bovine mammary cells or tissue, which are generally characteristics of a contagious mastitis pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Female; Mastitis, Bovine; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Virulence
PubMed: 33162075
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18347 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Different gut microbiota is implicated in different diseases, including cancer. However, gut microbiota differences between individuals with clear cell renal cell...
Different gut microbiota is implicated in different diseases, including cancer. However, gut microbiota differences between individuals with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and healthy individuals are unclear. Here, we analyzed gut microbiota composition in 51 ccRCC patients and 40 healthy controls using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. We observed that , , , , and were dominant and positively associated with ccRCC. We isolated and cultured to characterize specific gut microbiota that promotes ccRCC and found that it promoted ccRCC proliferation, migration, and invasion the TGF-signaling pathway. Interactions identified between the gut microbiota and ccRCC suggest the gut microbiota could serve as a potential non-invasive tool for predicting ccRCC risk and also function as a cancer therapy target.
PubMed: 35865926
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913718 -
Microorganisms Mar 2022Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can efficiently control different microbial pathogens and show the potential to be applied in clinical practice and livestock production....
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can efficiently control different microbial pathogens and show the potential to be applied in clinical practice and livestock production. In this work, the aim was to isolate AMP-producing ruminal streptococci and to characterize their genetic features through whole-genome sequencing. We cultured 463 bacterial isolates from the rumen of Nelore bulls, 81 of which were phenotypically classified as being . Five isolates with broad-range activity were genome sequenced and confirmed as being . The genetic features linked to their antimicrobial activity or adaptation to the rumen environment were characterized through comparative genomics. The genome of UFV80 harbored a putative CRISPR-Cas9 system (Type IIA). Computational tools were used to discover novel biosynthetic clusters linked to the production of bacteriocins. All bacterial genomes harbored genetic clusters related to the biosynthesis of class I and class II bacteriocins. SDS-PAGE confirmed the results obtained in silico and demonstrated that the class II bacteriocins predicted in the genomes of three strains had identical molecular mass (5197 Da). These results demonstrate that ruminal bacteria of the / complex represent a promising source of novel antimicrobial peptides.
PubMed: 35336126
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030551 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2013The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes extracted from fecal samples provide insights into the dynamics of fecal microflora. This potentially gives valuable etiological...
BACKGROUND
The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes extracted from fecal samples provide insights into the dynamics of fecal microflora. This potentially gives valuable etiological information for patients whose conditions have been ascribed to unknown pathogens, which cannot be accomplished using routine culture methods. We studied 33 children with diarrhea who were admitted to the Children's Hospital in Shanxi Province during 2006.
RESULTS
Nineteen of 33 children with diarrhea could not be etiologically diagnosed by routine culture and polymerase chain reaction methods. Eleven of 19 children with diarrhea of unknown etiology had Streptococcus as the most dominant fecal bacterial genus at admission. Eight of nine children whom three consecutive fecal samples were collected had Streptococcus as the dominant fecal bacterial genus, including three in the Streptococcus bovis group and three Streptococcus sp., which was reduced during and after recovery. We isolated strains that were possibly from the S. bovis group from feces sampled at admission, which were then identified as Streptococcus lutetiensis from one child and Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus from two children. We sequenced the genome of S. lutetiensis and identified five antibiotic islands, two pathogenicity islands, and five unique genomic islands. The identified virulence genes included hemolytic toxin cylZ of Streptococcus agalactiae and sortase associated with colonization of pathogenic streptococci.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified S. lutetiensis and S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus from children with diarrhea of unknown etiology, and found pathogenic islands and virulence genes in the genome of S. lutetiensis.
Topics: Biota; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Diarrhea; Feces; Genomic Islands; Humans; Infant; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Streptococcus
PubMed: 23782707
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-141 -
Access Microbiology 2021has been known to cause sepsis in adults, but only one case regarding neonatal sepsis has been reported internationally, with no sequelae. We report the first case of...
has been known to cause sepsis in adults, but only one case regarding neonatal sepsis has been reported internationally, with no sequelae. We report the first case of neonatal bacteremia and meningitis with empyema caused by in the United States.
PubMed: 34712909
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000264 -
Veterinary Sciences Aug 2022Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs...
Changes in the gut microbiome can be associated with diseases and affect the overall health of an individual. In the current study, the gut microbiome profile of dogs diagnosed with advanced stages of multicentric lymphoma was compared with that of healthy dogs and analyzed. For this purpose, dogs from veterinary hospitals diagnosed with lymphoma were selected and were further narrowed down to cases of stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Fecal samples from the selected sick and healthy dogs were collected and analyzed using MiSeq sequencing. The gut microbiota in the two groups of dogs was statistically analyzed and compared. The results revealed significant differences in the microbial populations present in sick and healthy dogs. Phylum Actinobacteria and two species ( and ) were found in high proportions in sick dogs and may be considered as potential biomarkers for canine stage IV multicentric lymphoma. Further investigations need to be conducted to understand the mechanisms they might be involved in.
PubMed: 36006324
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080409 -
European Journal of Case Reports in... 2019We describe a case of infective endocarditis occurring in a patient following colonic polypectomy. The patient had multiple risk factors for infective endocarditis...
UNLABELLED
We describe a case of infective endocarditis occurring in a patient following colonic polypectomy. The patient had multiple risk factors for infective endocarditis including pre-existing mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation. Transoesophageal echocardiography revealed a friable mass on the posterior mitral valve leaflet, confirming the diagnosis. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics, successfully underwent mitral valve surgery and was discharged home for outpatient follow-up. This report details an uncommon case presentation, highlights areas for improvement in clinical practice, and summarises the current knowledge available in the literature regarding infective endocarditis.
LEARNING POINTS
Infective endocarditis occurring in association with gastrointestinal endoscopy is rare.Clinical suspicion of infective endocarditis after colonic polypectomy or biopsy should be maintained, especially in those with risk factors for infective endocarditis.Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis is not recommended for routine gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.
PubMed: 31157186
DOI: 10.12890/2019_001110 -
Journal, Genetic Engineering &... Aug 2021The health-promoting effects along with global economic importance of consuming food products supplemented with probiotic microorganisms encouraged the researchers to...
BACKGROUND
The health-promoting effects along with global economic importance of consuming food products supplemented with probiotic microorganisms encouraged the researchers to discover new probiotics.
RESULTS
Fourteen lactic acid bacterial isolates were identified as Enterococcus mediterraneensis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus lutetiensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and in vitro characterized for their actual probiotic potential. All E. mediterraneensis isolates were resistant to clindamycin, whereas Lb. fermentum isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin. The E. mediterraneensis and Lb. fermentum isolates displayed high overall digestive survival, ranged from 1.35 ± 0.06 to 32.73 ± 0.84% and from 2.01 ± 0.01 to 23.9 ± 1.85%, respectively. All isolates displayed cell surface hydrophobicity, ranged between 15.44 ± 6.72 and 39.79 ± 2.87%. The strongest auto-aggregation capability, higher than 40%, was observed for most E. mediterraneensis and Lb. fermentum isolates. The E. mediterraneensis isolates (L2, L12, and L15), Lb. fermentum (L8, L9, and L10), and Strep. lutetiensis (L14) exhibited the greatest co-aggregation with Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Fifty-seven and fourteen hundredth percent of E. mediterraneensis isolates could be considered bacteriocinogenic against E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, and S. aureus.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first one to isolate Enterococcus mediterraneensis in Egypt and to characterize it as new species of probiotics globally. According to the results, E. mediterraneensis (L2, L12, and L15), Lb. fermentum (L8, L9, and L10), and Strep. lutetiensis (L14) are the most promising in vitro probiotic candidates.
PubMed: 34351550
DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00212-4 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2018The complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential... (Review)
Review
The complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where subsp () retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for , possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (, and govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.
PubMed: 29692760
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603