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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2023The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
CONTEXT
The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There is lack of enough literature on the facial profiles of Indians.
AIM
To assess correlations between facial parameters and stature of young Maharashtrian women by using anthropometry.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
It is a cross-sectional observational pilot study at Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
The study included 15 students of 21-23 years age selected by simple randomisation. The facial parameters were measured by sliding vernier calipers after identifying facial landmarks by stickers. Facial height (FH) in thirds; upper FH (UFH), middle FH (MFH) and lower FH (LFH); facial width (FW) and stature or overall height (OH) were calculated to define average facial features.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Multiple pairwise statistics and simple linear regression analyses were done for various dependent variables.
RESULTS
The means of UFH, MFH, LFH and total facial heights (TFH) were found to be 5.2 ± 0.54, 5.35 ± 0.34, 5.16 ± 0.44 and 15.7 ± 0.98 cm, respectively. The TFH showed a moderate correlation with stature (P ≤ 0.05, r = 0.64) and a strong correlation with lower lip length (P = 0.001, r = 0.78). Facial width showed a negative correlation with facial shape (P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The selected sample showed the statistically insignificant difference between UFH, MFH and LFH indicating equitable distribution among Indian women of Maharashtrian origin of 21-23 year age group. Longer TFH is positively correlated with higher stature and longer lower lip length.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pilot Projects; Cross-Sectional Studies; India; Dental Care; Face
PubMed: 38197340
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_594_22 -
Cureus Jan 2024Background The human ear is a distinctive facial feature, revealing valuable information about ethnicity, gender, and age. Anthropometric measures play a crucial role in...
Background The human ear is a distinctive facial feature, revealing valuable information about ethnicity, gender, and age. Anthropometric measures play a crucial role in fields such as forensic medicine, prosthetics, and plastic surgery. The external ear, known for its diversity in structure and individual characteristics, has become a subject of interest in various populations. This study aims to determine the mean values of morphometric measurements for both right and left ears while exploring sexual dimorphism in ear dimensions. Methodology A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 volunteers from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, comprising 98 males and 102 females, at the Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Participants were randomly selected from King Fahad University Hospital workers and patients. Using a Vernier caliper and after obtaining consent, various aspects of ear morphology were measured. The study employed statistical analyses such as the volunteers' t-test, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, and linear regression equations. Results In males, the mean total height of the right and left ears was 6.054 ± 0.5394 and 6.044 ± 0.5235 cm, respectively, while for females, it was 5.489 ± 0.4481 and 5.763 ± 4.8446 cm, respectively. The mean widths, heights, and other dimensions of the ears exhibited variations between genders. Conclusions The study provides comprehensive insights into the dimensions and indices of the pinna among the population of the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The findings confirmed the presence of sexual dimorphism in the ear measurements, consistent with observations in other ethnic groups.
PubMed: 38196990
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51625 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jan 2024Femoral morphometric variation is a dynamic system for different region, which is influenced by geographical, physiological and environmental factors, due to the...
Femoral morphometric variation is a dynamic system for different region, which is influenced by geographical, physiological and environmental factors, due to the adaptation, functional and remodeling responses of bones. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 (64 right and 86 left) fully ossified dry human femur of Bangladeshi people to find out the variation of mid shaft antero-posterior and transverse diameter of femur. Sample was collected in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019. All samples were assessed to eliminate fractured, pathologically damaged and remodeled bones. The diameters were measured with the help of digital Vernier slide calipers. The mean±SD mid shaft antero-posterior diameter of right and left femur were 25.03±2.86 mm and 25.54±2.65mm respectively. The mean±SD transverse diameter of right and left femur was 24.24±2.43mm and 24.54±2.38mm respectively. The knowledge of variations in the parameters of dry femora will help the orthopedicians for the treatment and management of femoral shaft fracture. These data also provide information about mid shaft diameter of femur of Bangladeshi people and to compare these data to those from various other races. Thus it could contribute for the design of well-fitting prosthesis which suits the Bangladeshi population. This value may be considered while making a best-fit femoral prosthesis.
Topics: Humans; Asian People; Cross-Sectional Studies; Femur
PubMed: 38163798
DOI: No ID Found -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jan 2024This cross-sectional descriptive purposive study was done on 150 (70 right and 80 left) fully ossified dry human scapulae of Bangladeshi people to find out the variation...
This cross-sectional descriptive purposive study was done on 150 (70 right and 80 left) fully ossified dry human scapulae of Bangladeshi people to find out the variation in length of acromiocoracoid and acromioglenoid distance. Sample collection was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh from January to December 2019. Any kind of damaged or broken scapulae were excluded to maintain standard measurement. Length of these distances was measured with the help of digital Vernier slide calipers. The mean±SD acromiocoracoid distance were 35.8±4.64 mm and 36.32±5.55 mm on right and left sided scapulae respectively and the mean±SD acromioglenoid distance were 27.69±3.43 mm on right sided scapulae and 28.18±3.26 mm on left sided scapulae. These data are important to compare Bangladeshi scapulae to those from various other races that could contribute to demographic studies of shoulder disease probability and management in Bangladeshi population.
Topics: Humans; Asian People; Bangladesh; Cadaver; Cross-Sectional Studies; Scapula
PubMed: 38163789
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Clinical... 2023To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the detection and prevalence of dental caries in children with different sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6--propylthiouracil (PROP) and its association with 2D:4D.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 300 children below 71 months of age were assigned to two study groups-group I (caries-free) and group II (caries). PROP sensitivity test was carried out to determine the inherent genetic ability to taste a bitter or sweet substance. Evaluation of dietary preferences was carried out using a food preference questionnaire, which was completed by the parents of the children to know the child's dietary habits and their sweet, sour, and strong taste preferences. The length of the index (2D) and ring (4D) finger was measured with the help of digital vernier caliper to record the 2D:4D ratio. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS
The results suggested a positive association between S-ECC and dietary preferences but could not establish a straightforward 1:1 relation between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC.
CONCLUSION
An individual considered as nontaster by PROP test was a sweet liker with low 2D:4D ratio having high caries index. The association between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC should further be explored by taking other influencing factors into consideration before arriving at a definitive conclusion.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
Srivastava SK, Garg N, Pathivada L, Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):740-744.
PubMed: 38162242
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2681 -
Talanta Apr 2024The Lucas-Washburn equation is commonly used to predict the distance (L) that a liquid travels through paper. This equation establishes that L is linear with time and...
The Lucas-Washburn equation is commonly used to predict the distance (L) that a liquid travels through paper. This equation establishes that L is linear with time and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid. However, there is currently no theoretical equation connecting the viscosity of a solution to its concentration. In this study, the imbibition flow of a sucrose solution was measured along the length of a horizontal strip of filter paper, featuring a printed, thermometer-shaped hydrophobic boundary. A sample (38 μL) was dispensed onto the bulb area, and the solution's flow was visually tracked using a red dye added to the sample. The imbibition length (L) was measured by a vernier caliper at 10.0 min after the sample addition. An empirical equation, based on literature values of the viscosity (η) and concentration (C) of sucrose solutions, was proposed. By integrating this empirical equation with the Lucas-Washburn equation, the following equation was derived: L = a⋅exp{-(bC + cC)}, where 'a', 'b' and 'c' are parameters. This equation was fitted to the dataset of L and C, covering C values from 0 to 60 % w/w standard sucrose solutions, resulting in a coefficient of determination of 0.9987. The plot of L against C was observed to closely follow a linear line, with a fitting providing a coefficient of determination of 0.9986. The sucrose contents in samples, such as soft drinks, syrups, and sugarcanes, determined using the imbibition length method and conventional refractometry, were in statistical agreement via the paired t-test at the 95 % confidence level. This method is simple, instrument-free, requiring only a small amount of safe red food dye, and can be conducted on-site.
PubMed: 38157734
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125592 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023This study utilized the mallard's foot as the subject, examining the bone distribution via computed tomography (CT) and analyzing pertinent parameters of the...
This study utilized the mallard's foot as the subject, examining the bone distribution via computed tomography (CT) and analyzing pertinent parameters of the tarsometatarsal bones. Additionally, gross anatomy methods were employed to elucidate the characteristics of the toes and webbing bio-structures and their material composition. Biologically, the mallard's foot comprises tarsometatarsal bones and 10 phalanges, enveloped by fascia, tendons, and skin. Vernier calipers were used to measure the bones, followed by statistical analysis to acquire structural data. Tendons, originating in proximal muscles and terminating in distal bones beneath the fascia, facilitate force transmission and systematic movement of each segment's bones. Regarding material composition, the skin layer serves both encapsulation and wrapping functions. Fat pads, located on the metatarsal side of metatarsophalangeal joints and each phalanx, function as cushioning shock absorbers. The correlation between the force applied to the tarsometatarsal bones and the webbing opening angle was explored using a texture analyzer. A simplified model describing the driving force behind the webbing opening angle was introduced. Furthermore, we designed a bionic foot, contributing a foundational reference for anti-sinking bionic foot development.
PubMed: 38132531
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8080592 -
Annual International Conference of the... Jul 2023Objective measurement of the lumen area demands an intraoperative diagnostic tool to aid on-site decision-making. We present a compliant mechanism-based unfurling...
Objective measurement of the lumen area demands an intraoperative diagnostic tool to aid on-site decision-making. We present a compliant mechanism-based unfurling actuator assembly integrated with a shaft connected to a motorized encoder to translate torque from the user at the proximal end to the actuator at the distal end. The actuator assembly has flexible arms coiled inside a cylindrical casing that moves radially outward upon actuation. Leveraging 3D printing of flexible materials, the unfurling actuator's four-arm design enables patency measurements in circumferential tracheal stenosis of varying grades. The rotary encoder output is correlated with the radially outward movement of the unfurling arms to estimate the lumen diameter. The measurement stability is analyzed using process control charts; data distribution over ten iterations reveals nearly 100% of process data falls between ±3 sigma (Upper and Lower control limits). Comparing measurements from the tool with direct measurement (vernier caliper) and ImageJ analysis, one-way ANOVA for circular morphology yields no significant differences in diameter p = 0.974 and area measurements p = 0.975.Clinical Relevance- Central airway narrowing reduces the effective lumen area in the tracheal and bronchial segments. Grading the degree of narrowing is often based on a suspicion index. A quick but thorough assessment of the airway caliber is essential in emergent or planned intubation, whether congenital, iatrogenic, or idiopathic tracheal stenosis.
Topics: Humans; Tracheal Stenosis; Torque; Intubation
PubMed: 38082710
DOI: 10.1109/EMBC40787.2023.10340671 -
Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2023The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL),...
AIM
The aim of the study was to analyze orbitofacial anthropometric parameters such as inner and outer canthal distances (ICD and OCD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), interpupillary distance (IPD), and canthal index (CI) in children with pseudostrabismus and to compare the measured IPD (mIPD) with calculated IPD (cIPD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a prospective study of sixty children (6 months-18 years) with pseudostrabismus. ICD, OCD, PFL, and IPD were measured by digital Vernier caliper. The formula used was cIPD: 0.21+0.24 ICD+0.58°CD for males and 1.4+0.31 ICD+0.41°CD for females. Values measured by caliper were compared with that calculated by the formula. The formula used was CI: ICD × 100/OCD. Data were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS
The mean age was 6.66 ± 3.57 years. Telecanthus was the most common finding (55%). The mean ICD and OCD in males were 30.89 ± 3.33 mm and 87.96 ± 8.09 mm and in females were 30.91 ± 3.05 and 86.22 ± 6.81 mm, respectively. The mean right eye PFL in males was 28.53 ± 2.63 mm and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm and left eye PFL in males was 28.53 mm ± 2.63 and in females was 27.66 ± 2.22 mm. CI in males was 35.10 ± 1.65 and in females was 35.84 ± 1.71. Mean mIPD and cIPD: male - 55.37 ± 4.75 mm and 58.56 ± 5.34 mm, female - 53.32 ± 4.74 mm and 46.26 ± 3.71 mm. A good agreement was found between mIPD and cIPD.
CONCLUSION
This study helps in documenting the anthropometric pattern of the orbitofacial parameters in children with pseudostrabismus which can act as reference data. This helps in the management of orbitofacial, craniofacial syndromes/deformities and lid reconstructive surgeries in retaining ethnical features and obtaining better function. In children's spectacle frame 1 and lens making, where measuring IPD is difficult, cIPD can be a simple alternative.
PubMed: 38059076
DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_326_22 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Nov 2023Corneal diameter (CD) measurement in newborns is essential for the detection of blinding ocular pathologies. It requires specially trained personnel, contact techniques,...
BACKGROUND
Corneal diameter (CD) measurement in newborns is essential for the detection of blinding ocular pathologies. It requires specially trained personnel, contact techniques, and the use of anesthesia. Smartphone use may obviate these challenges.
AIM
This study compares CD measurement among newborns using a Smartphone and manual calipers.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This is a cross-sectional comparative study done at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. Consecutively selected stable term neonates whose mothers consented to the study and met the inclusion criteria had their CDs measured with both calipers and smartphones and the values compared. Mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM (version 22), while paired t-test calculated the difference in mean CD measurements between both methods. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman's analysis determined the correlation and agreement between both methods, respectively. Inter and intraobserver repeatability were assessed. A P value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean CD measurement using calliper method was 10.01 ± 0.29mm and 10.03 ± 0.24 mm right eye (RE) and left eyes (LE), respectively) for investigator 1 and 10.16 ± 0.25 mm and 10.19 ± 0.21 mm (RE, LE) for investigator 2. Using smartphone measurement, mean CD measurements of 9.98 ± 0.21 mm and 10.00 ± 0.29 mm (RE, LE) were observed for investigator 1 and 10.07 ± 0.19 mm and 10.06 ± 0.21 mm (RE, LE) for investigator 2. The difference in mean CD for both instruments and by both investigators was not statistically significant (P value > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Corneal diameter measurement in neonates using smartphone technology does not deviate significantly from caliper measurement; it is safe, easy to use, and advocated.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Smartphone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eye; Mothers; Nigeria; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38044784
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_490_23