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Applied Ergonomics Nov 2021Additive Manufacturing (AM) facilitates product personalization and iterative design, which makes it an ideal technology for ergonomic product development. In this... (Review)
Review
Additive Manufacturing (AM) facilitates product personalization and iterative design, which makes it an ideal technology for ergonomic product development. In this study, a systematic review was conducted of the literature regarding the use of AM in ergonomic-product design, and methodological aspects of the studies were analyzed. A literature search was performed using the keywords "3D print*," "additive manufacturing," "ergonomic*" and "human factors". Included were studies reporting the use of AM specifically in ergonomic design of products/prototypes including the detailing of an ergonomic testing methodology used for evaluation. Forty studies were identified pertaining to the fields of medicine, assistive technology, wearable technology, hand tools, testing devices and others. The most commonly used technology was fused deposition modeling with polylactic acid, but the overall preferred material was acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Various combinations of objective/subjective and qualitative/quantitative product evaluation methods were used. Based on the findings, recommendations were developed to facilitate the choice of most suitable AM technologies and materials for specific applications in ergonomics.
Topics: Ergonomics; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Technology
PubMed: 34256321
DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103528 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... Jan 2019Additive manufacturing or 3-dimensional printing has become a widespread technology with many applications in medicine. We have conducted a systematic review of its...
INTRODUCTION
Additive manufacturing or 3-dimensional printing has become a widespread technology with many applications in medicine. We have conducted a systematic review of its application in radiation oncology with a particular emphasis on the creation of phantoms for image quality assessment and radiation dosimetry. Traditionally used phantoms for quality assurance in radiotherapy are often constraint by simplified geometry and homogenous nature to perform imaging analysis or pretreatment dosimetric verification. Such phantoms are limited due to their ability in only representing the average human body, not only in proportion and radiation properties but also do not accommodate pathological features. These limiting factors restrict the patient-specific quality assurance process to verify image-guided positioning accuracy and/or dose accuracy in "water-like" condition.
METHODS AND RESULTS
English speaking manuscripts published since 2008 were searched in 5 databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science). A significant increase in publications over the 10 years was observed with imaging and dosimetry phantoms about the same total number (52 vs 50). Key features of additive manufacturing are the customization with creation of realistic pathology as well as the ability to vary density and as such contrast. Commonly used printing materials, such as polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, high-impact polystyrene and many more, are utilized to achieve a wide range of achievable X-ray attenuation values from -1000 HU to 500 HU and higher. Not surprisingly, multimaterial printing using the polymer jetting technology is emerging as an important printing process with its ability to create heterogeneous phantoms for dosimetry in radiotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Given the flexibility and increasing availability and low cost of additive manufacturing, it can be expected that its applications for radiation medicine will continue to increase.
Topics: Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Neoplasms; Phantoms, Imaging; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Radiation Oncology; Radiometry
PubMed: 31514632
DOI: 10.1177/1533033819870208 -
JAMA Network Open Aug 2019Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) after treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with melanoma remain incompletely characterized. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) after treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in patients with melanoma remain incompletely characterized.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the association of BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment with CVAEs in patients with melanoma compared with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science were systematically searched for keywords vemurafenib, dabrafenib, encorafenib, trametinib, binimetinib, and cobinimetinib from database inception through November 30, 2018.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized clinical trials reporting on CVAEs in patients with melanoma being treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors compared with patients with melanoma being treated with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy were selected.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
Data assessment followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs were determined using random-effects and fixed-effects analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess study-level characteristics associated with CVAEs.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The selected end points were pulmonary embolism, a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and QTc interval prolongation. All-grade and high-grade (≥3) CVAEs were recorded.
RESULTS
Overall, 5 randomized clinical trials including 2317 patients with melanoma were selected. Treatment with BRAF and MEK inhibitors was associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (RR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.23-15.44; P = .02), a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (RR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.74-7.94; P < .001), and arterial hypertension (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.12-1.97; P = .005) compared with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. The RRs for myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and QTc prolongation were similar between the groups. These results were consistent when assessing high-grade CVAEs (left ventricular ejection fraction: RR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.36-5.73; P = .005; I2 = 29%; high-grade arterial hypertension: RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.14-2.08; P = .005; I2 = 0%), but RRs for high-grade pulmonary embolism were similar between groups. A higher risk of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction was associated with patients with a mean age younger than 55 years (RR, 26.50; 95% CI, 3.58-196.10; P = .001), and the associated risk of pulmonary embolism was higher for patients with a mean follow-up time longer than 15 months (RR, 7.70; 95% CI, 1.40-42.12; P = .02).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors was associated with a higher risk of CVAEs compared with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. The findings may help to balance between beneficial melanoma treatment and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Topics: Acrylonitrile; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aniline Compounds; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 31397860
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.8890 -
European Radiology Experimental Feb 2019Current developments showed a fast-increasing implementation and use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in medical applications. Our aim was to review the literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Current developments showed a fast-increasing implementation and use of three-dimensional (3D) printing in medical applications. Our aim was to review the literature regarding the application of 3D printing to cardiac valve disease.
METHODS
A PubMed search for publications in English with the terms "3D printing" AND "cardiac valve", performed in January 2018, resulted in 64 items. After the analysis of the abstract and text, 27 remained related to the topic. From the references of these 27 papers, 7 papers were added resulting in a total of 34 papers. Of these, 5 were review papers, thus reducing the papers taken into consideration to 29.
RESULTS
The 29 papers showed that about a decade ago, the interest in 3D printing for this application area was emerging, but only in the past 2 to 3 years it really gained interest. Computed tomography is the most common imaging modality taken into consideration (62%), followed by ultrasound (28%), computer-generated models (computer-aided design) (7%), and magnetic resonance imaging (3%). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (4/14, 29%) and TangoPlus FullCure 930 (5/14, 36%) are the most used printing materials. Stereolithography (40%) and fused deposition modeling (30%) are the preferred printing techniques, while PolyJet (25%) and laser sintering (4%) are used in a minority of cases. The reported time ranges from 30 min to 3 days. The most reported application area is preoperative planning (63%), followed by training (19%), device testing (11%), and retrospective procedure evaluation (7%).
CONCLUSIONS
In most cases, CT datasets are used and models are printed for preoperative planning.
PubMed: 30771098
DOI: 10.1186/s41747-018-0083-0