-
Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde Dec 2017Mycoplasma species relevant to the urogenital tract include mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalia and ureaplasma urealyticum. Their occurrence in the context of...
Mycoplasma species relevant to the urogenital tract include mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalia and ureaplasma urealyticum. Their occurrence in the context of urogynaecological disease has been demonstrated in urethritis, cystitis and upper renal tract infections. Their role in hyperactive bladder and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome is controversial. All the above-mentioned microorganisms can occur as commensals or as potential pathogens. In most cases their role in any particular pathology cannot be proven, only presumed. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise current knowledge on the influence of mycoplasma and ureaplasma in urogynaecological pathology and to provide clinical guidance on diagnosis (when and how is pathogen detection indicated?) and treatment. 377 relevant articles were analysed. In summary: a urethral swab for PCR analysis of the three bacteria should be performed in the context of symptomatic sterile leukocyturia, chronic urethritis and suspected hyperactive bladder or interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Symptomatic women should be treated strictly according to results of the antibiogram.
PubMed: 29269957
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119687 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Apr 2016Urogenital mycoplasmas are potentially pathogenic species causing genitourinary tract infections that may be initially asymptomatic but can progress and lead to severe... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Urogenital mycoplasmas are potentially pathogenic species causing genitourinary tract infections that may be initially asymptomatic but can progress and lead to severe complications and threaten reproductive health. However, the overall prevalence rate of this bacterium and its probable impacts on fertility potential have yet to be determined.
METHODS
We searched both English and Persian electronic databases using key words such as "Mycoplasma," "Ureaplasma," "M. hominis," "M. genitalium," "U. urealyticum," "U. parvum," "prevalence," and "Iran". Finally, after some exclusion, 29 studies from different regions of Iran were included in our study, and a meta-analysis was performed on collected data.
RESULTS
Urogenital mycoplasmas prevalence for women and men was high and ranged from 2%-40.5% and 2%-44.3%, respectively. The pooled prevalence in the male population was 11.1% (95% CI, 7.4%-16.4%) and in female was 12.8% (95% CI, 9.8%-16.5%). The prevalence of these bacteria was significantly higher in infertile men compared with that in fertile men. A high level of heterogeneity was observed for both men (I(2) = 92.4%; P<0.001) and women (I(2) = 93.3%; P<0.001). Some evidence for publication bias was observed in both men [Egger's test (two-tailed P=0.0007), and Begg's test (two-tailed P=0.0151)] and women [Egger's test (two-tailed P=0.0006), and Begg's test (two-tailed P=0.0086)] analysis.
CONCLUSION
Since urogenital mycoplasmas may play a role in male infertility, screening strategies, particularly for asymptomatic individuals, and treatment of infected ones, which can reduce consequent complications, looks to be necessary.
PubMed: 27252910
DOI: No ID Found -
Andrology Sep 2015The relationship between mycoplasma and ureaplasma infection and male infertility has been studied widely; however, results remain controversial. This meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The relationship between mycoplasma and ureaplasma infection and male infertility has been studied widely; however, results remain controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the association between genital ureaplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum) and mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium), and risk of male infertility. Differences in prevalence of ureaplasma and mycoplasma infection between China and the rest of the world were also compared. Study data were collected from PubMed, Embase and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Summary odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the relationship. Heterogeneity testing and publication bias testing were also performed. A total of 14 studies were used: five case-control studies with 611 infertile cases and 506 controls featuring U. urealyticum infection, and nine case-control studies with 2410 cases and 1223 controls concerning M. hominis infection. Two other infection (U. parvum and M. genitalium) were featured in five and three studies, respectively. The meta-analysis results indicated that U. parvum and M. genitalium are not associated with male infertility. However, a significant relationship existed between U. urealyticum and M. hominis and male infertility. Comparing the global average with China, a significantly higher positive rate of U. urealyticum, but a significantly lower positive rate of M. hominis, was observed in both the infertile and control groups in China.
Topics: China; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 26311339
DOI: 10.1111/andr.12078