-
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Nov 2023Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification,... (Review)
Review
Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification, hypoxia, light pollution, and crowding, had a considerable negative impact on the life histology of aquatic animals, especially on sex differentiation (SDi) and the resulting sex ratios. Understanding how the sex of fish responds to stressful environments is of great importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of sex, the dynamics of the natural population in the changing world, and the precise application of sex control in aquaculture. This review conducted an exhaustive search of the available literature on the influence of environmental stress (ES) on SDi. Evidence has shown that all types of ES can affect SDi and universally result in an increase in males or masculinization, which has been reported in 100 fish species and 121 cases. Then, this comprehensive review aimed to summarize the molecular biology, physiology, cytology, and epigenetic mechanisms through which ES contributes to male development or masculinization. The relationship between ES and fish SDi from multiple aspects was analyzed, and it was found that environmental sex differentiation (ESDi) is the result of the combined effects of genetic and epigenetic factors, self-physiological regulation, and response to environmental signals, which involves a sophisticated network of various hormones and numerous genes at multiple levels and multiple gradations in bipotential gonads. In both normal male differentiation and ES-induced masculinization, the stress pathway and epigenetic regulation play important roles; however, how they co-regulate SDi is unclear. Evidence suggests that the universal emergence or increase in males in aquatic animals is an adaptation to moderate ES. ES-induced sex reversal should be fully investigated in more fish species and extensively in the wild. The potential aquaculture applications and difficulties associated with ESDi have also been addressed. Finally, the knowledge gaps in the ESDi are presented, which will guide the priorities of future research.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Ecosystem; Epigenesis, Genetic; Sex Differentiation; Aquaculture; Gonads
PubMed: 37918334
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115654 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Tissue engineering and cell therapy for regenerative medicine have great potential to treat chronic disorders. In musculoskeletal disorders, mesenchymal stromal cells... (Review)
Review
Tissue engineering and cell therapy for regenerative medicine have great potential to treat chronic disorders. In musculoskeletal disorders, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified as a relevant cell type in cell and regenerative strategies due to their multi-lineage potential, although this is likely to be a result of their trophic and immunomodulatory effects on other cells. This PRISMA systematic review aims to assess whether the age of the patient influences the chondrogenic potential of MSCs in regenerative therapy. We identified a total of 3027 studies after performing a search of four databases, including Cochrane, Web of Science, Medline, and PubMed. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 papers were identified that were reviewed, assessed, and reported. Cell surface characterization and proliferation, as well as the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, were investigated as part of the analysis of these studies. Most included studies suggest a clear link between aged donor MSCs and diminished clonogenic and proliferative potential. Our study reveals a heterogeneous and conflicting range of outcomes concerning the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic potential of MSCs in relation to age. Further investigations on the in vitro effects of chronological age on the chondrogenic potential of MSCs should follow the outcomes of this systematic review, shedding more light on this complex relationship.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Osteogenesis; Adipogenesis; Tissue Engineering; Cells, Cultured; Chondrogenesis
PubMed: 37895174
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015494 -
Journal of ISAKOS : Joint Disorders &... Apr 2024Cartilage defects are debilitating injuries that can reduce quality of life in patients. However, the poor regenerative properties of cartilage mean that cartilage... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cartilage defects are debilitating injuries that can reduce quality of life in patients. However, the poor regenerative properties of cartilage mean that cartilage repair remains challenging, and many methods have arisen to address that. Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC®) is a popular technique to manage cartilage defects. Recent advances have allowed AMIC® to be done arthroscopically, instead of a mini-open arthrotomy approach. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate whether the arthroscopic approach to AMIC® provides better clinical outcomes than does the mini-open approach, in hopes of delineating a gold standard in cartilage repair.
METHODS
With reference to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines, a systematic search of the following databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was performed on 26th October 2022 using a combination of the following search terms: "autologous matrix induced", "chondrogenesis", and "knee". A total of 390 studies were identified, of which, 24 studies were included in our final analysis.
RESULTS
The arthroscopic approach achieves lower Visual Analogue Scale for pain scores. The International Knee documentation Committee) score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were comparable between arthroscopic and open approaches. The open approach achieves a higher Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue score. Incidence of reported postoperative complications of revision surgery and knee stiffness was higher for the open approach than for the arthroscopic approach, whereas deep vein thrombosis was higher in the arthroscopic approach.
CONCLUSION
The AMIC® repair outcomes indicate that the arthroscopic approach does not hold a distinct advantage over the open approach. The choice of approach should consider surgeon expertise, location of lesion, and patient-specific factors.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level III.
Topics: Humans; Cartilage, Articular; Chondrogenesis; Quality of Life; Cartilage Diseases; Knee Joint
PubMed: 37839704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.10.003 -
Stem Cells Translational Medicine Dec 2023The development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapies has revolutionized personalized medicine, opening up new possibilities for treatment. EVs have emerged as a...
The development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) therapies has revolutionized personalized medicine, opening up new possibilities for treatment. EVs have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool within this field due to their crucial role in intercellular communication across various cell types and organisms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the therapeutic potential of oral mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs for bone regeneration, specifically focusing on findings from preclinical models. Sixteen articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected following document analysis. The biological effects of oral MSC-derived EVs predominantly involve the upregulation of proteins associated with angiogenesis, and inflammation resolution, alongside the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, these therapeutic agents have been found to contain a significant quantity of different molecules (proteins, lipids, DNA, microRNAs, etc) further contributing to their modulatory potential. The findings from this systematic review underscore that oral MSC-derived EVs, irrespective of their specific population, have the ability to enhance the osteogenic repair response in maxillary bone or periodontal defects. In summary, this systematic review highlights the promising potential of oral MSC-derived EVs for bone regeneration based on evidence from preclinical models. The comprehensive assessment of their biological effects and the presence of microRNAs underscores their therapeutic significance. These findings support the utilization of oral MSC-derived EVs in enhancing the osteogenic repair response in various maxillary bone or periodontal defects, providing insights into the mechanisms involved and potential therapeutic applications in the field of personalized medicine.
Topics: Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Extracellular Vesicles; MicroRNAs; Bone Regeneration; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 37715961
DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad059 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2023Muscular dystrophy is a heterogenous group of hereditary muscle disorders caused by mutations in the genes responsible for muscle development, and is generally defined... (Review)
Review
Muscular dystrophy is a heterogenous group of hereditary muscle disorders caused by mutations in the genes responsible for muscle development, and is generally defined by a disastrous progression of muscle wasting and massive loss in muscle regeneration. is closely associated with myogenesis, which is governed by various signaling pathways throughout a lifetime and is frequently used as an indicator in muscle research. In this review, an extensive literature search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was performed to identify research that examined signaling pathways in living models, while quantifying expression in myogenesis. A total of 247 articles were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed and Scopus databases and were thoroughly examined and evaluated, resulting in 19 articles which met the inclusion criteria. Admittedly, we were only able to discuss the quantification of carried out in research affecting various type of genes and signaling pathways, rather than the expression of itself, due to the massive differences in approach, factor molecules and signaling pathways analyzed across the research. However, we highlighted the thorough evidence for the alteration of the muscle stem cell precursor in multiple signaling pathways described in different living models, with an emphasis on the novel approach that could be taken in manipulating expression itself in dystrophic muscle, towards the discovery of an effective treatment for muscular dystrophy. Therefore, we believe that this could be applied to the potential gap in muscle research that could be filled by tuning the well-established marker expression to improve dystrophic muscle.
Topics: Humans; Muscular Dystrophies; Muscles; Databases, Factual; Muscle Development; Signal Transduction; PAX7 Transcription Factor
PubMed: 37685856
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713051 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and... Aug 2023The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
The onset of OA is affected by a variety of factors, which eventually lead to the loss of cartilage in the joints, the formation of osteophytes, the loss of normal knee mobility, and pain and discomfort, which seriously affects the quality of life. HUC-MSCs can promote cartilage production and have been widely used in research in the past decade. This article systematically summarizes that it is well used in basic research and clinical studies to promote inflammatory chondrogenesis in the treatment of OA. Provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study collected CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and articles related to the treatment of OA with HUC-MSCs since their publication, excluding non-basic and clinical studies such as reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 31 basic experimental studies and 12 clinical studies were included. Systematically analyze the effects of HUC-MSCs on inhibiting inflammatory factors, promoting chondrocyte production, and current clinical treatment.
RESULTS
HUC-MSCs can reduce inflammatory factors such as MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, IL-1β, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, induced conversion from M1 to M2 in OA to protect cartilage damage and reduce OA inflammation. Synthesize ColII, SOX9, and aggrecan at the same time to promote cartilage synthesis.
CONCLUSION
HUC-MSCs not only have typical stem cell biological characteristics, but also have rich sources and convenient material extraction. Compared with stem cells from other sources, HUC-MSCs have stronger proliferation, differentiation, and immune regulation abilities. Furthermore, there are no ethical issues associated with their use.
SAFETY
Primarily attributed to pain, the majority of individuals experience recovery within 24 h following injection. HUC-MSCs possess the ability to alleviate pain, enhance knee joint function, and potentially postpone the need for surgical intervention in both non-surgical and other cases, making them highly deserving of clinical promotion and application.
Topics: Humans; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Chondrogenesis; Quality of Life; Knee Joint; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Umbilical Cord
PubMed: 37644595
DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04131-7 -
Molecular Psychiatry Oct 2023Adolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents,...
Adolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents, neurogenesis is very active during adolescence, when is particularly vulnerable to stress. Whether stress-related neurogenesis changes influence adolescence onset of psychiatric symptoms remains largely unknown. A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions, and behaviour, occurring after adolescence stress exposure in mice both acutely (at post-natal days 21-65) and in adulthood. A total of 37 studies were identified in the literature. Seven studies showed reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, and out of those two reported increased depressive-like behaviours, in adolescent rodents exposed to stress. Three studies reported a reduction in the number of new-born neurons, which however were not associated with changes in cognition or behaviour. Sixteen studies showed acutely reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including pre- and post-synaptic plasticity markers, dendritic spine length and density, and long-term potentiation after stress exposure. Cognitive impairments and depressive-like behaviours were reported by 11 of the 16 studies. Among studies who looked at adolescence stress exposure effects into adulthood, seven showed that the negative effects of stress observed during adolescence on either cell proliferation or hippocampal neuroplasticity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviour, had variable impact in adulthood. Treating adolescent mice with antidepressants, glutamate receptor inhibitors, glucocorticoid antagonists, or healthy diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A, prevented or reversed those detrimental changes. Future research should investigate the translational value of these preclinical findings. Developing novel tools for measuring hippocampal neurogenesis in live humans, would allow assessing neurogenic changes following stress exposure, investigating relationships with psychiatric symptom onset, and identifying effects of therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Brain; Cognition; Hippocampus; Neurogenesis; Rodentia; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 37612364
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02229-2 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2023Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review...
OBJECTIVES
Molar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review aimed to collate the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with MRIM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed through to March 2023. Inclusion criteria were case reports or case series including a diagnosis consistent with MRIM. Critical appraisal for all included studies utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case reports and case series and collation of clinical characteristics was performed in JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information program.
RESULTS
The search identified 157 studies from which 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. After full-text review, a total of 23 papers described the MRIM dental anomaly and were included in this paper. A total of 130 reported cases were retrieved, with age ranging 3-32 years, and males affected 1.16:1 females. Presence of neurological conditions, premature birth history, medication, and surgery within first years of life were synthesised and described.
CONCLUSIONS
The aetiology of MRIM is yet to be determined but epigenetic changes from significant medical history in the first years of life are likely to influence the development of this root malformation. First permanent molars were most commonly affected, but clinicians should be aware that permanent central incisors, primary teeth and other permanent teeth may also be affected.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Young Adult; Awareness; Databases, Factual; Incisor; Molar; Tooth Abnormalities; Odontogenesis; Tooth Root
PubMed: 37596569
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03275-6 -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2023Three-dimensional (3D) printing is serving as the most promising approach to fabricate personalized titanium (Ti) implants for the precise treatment of complex bone... (Review)
Review
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is serving as the most promising approach to fabricate personalized titanium (Ti) implants for the precise treatment of complex bone defects. However, the bio-inert nature of Ti material limits its capability for rapid osseointegration and thus influences the implant lifetime in vivo. Despite the macroscale porosity for promoting osseointegration, 3D-printed Ti implant surface morphologies at the nanoscale have gained considerable attention for their potential to improve specific outcomes. To evaluate the influence of nanoscale surface morphologies on osseointegration outcomes of 3D-printed Ti implants and discuss the available strategies, we systematically searched evidence according to the PRISMA on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane (until June 2022). The inclusion criteria were in vivo (animal) studies reporting the osseointegration outcomes of nanoscale morphologies on the surface of 3D-printed Ti implants. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's) tool. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. (PROSPERO: CRD42022334222). Out of 119 retrieved articles, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence suggests that irregular nano-texture, nanodots and nanotubes with a diameter of 40-105nm on the surface of porous/solid 3D-printed Ti implants result in better osseointegration and vertical bone ingrowth compared to the untreated/polished ones by significantly promoting cell adhesion, matrix mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation through increasing integrin expression. The RoB was low in 41.1% of items, unclear in 53.3%, and high in 5.6%. The quality of the studies achieved a mean score of 17.67. Our study demonstrates that nanostructures with specific controlled properties on the surface of 3D-printed Ti implants improve their osseointegration. However, given the small number of studies, the variability in experimental designs, and lack of reporting across studies, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Animals; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Titanium; Prostheses and Implants; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Surface Properties; Porosity
PubMed: 37525692
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S409033 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Apr 2024Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on promoting osseointegration around dental implants.Study selection A... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on promoting osseointegration around dental implants.Study selection A comprehensive search was performed on two databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed) and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published before June 1, 2022. Randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The year of publication, study design, animal species, number of animals, number of implants, implant position, implant size, intervention, follow-up time, bone volume ratio (BV/TV), bone-implant contact ratio (BIC), and implant removal torque value (RTV) measurements, including mean and SD, were extracted.Results Ten randomized trials were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that LIPUS significantly promoted osteogenesis around dental implants. Furthermore, in animal models of pre-existing diseases such as osteoporosis and diabetes, LIPUS had the same effect. The included data were divided into subgroups to explore the effects of different follow-up time, acoustic intensities, and frequencies. Results showed that higher acoustic intensities and frequencies significantly improve the osteogenic effects of LIPUS. There was some degree of heterogeneity owing to bias in the included studies. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary in the future.Conclusions LIPUS can promote bone healing around dental implants and is an attractive option for edentulous patients, especially those with pre-existing diseases. Further clinical trials on the use of LIPUS in implant dentistry are warranted. Furthermore, future studies must pay more attention to acoustic intensity and frequency.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Osteogenesis; Dental Implants; Osseointegration; Ultrasonic Waves
PubMed: 37518333
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_23_00068