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Children (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tooth decay is considered a global scourge by the World Health Organization (WHO) starting at an early age. In recent years, silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has regained interest, particularly in pediatric dentistry, used to prevent the development of carious lesions or arrest their progression.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess, through a systematic review of the literature, the effectiveness of SDF, used in pedodontics, in temporary teeth, in preventing or arresting dental caries.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. The effect of SDF on both temporary and permanent teeth has been considered.
RESULTS
The inclusion criteria identified 16 randomized controlled trials involving patients aged 18 months to 13 years and followed over a period of 12-30 months.
CONCLUSIONS
SDF is a practical, accessible and effective non-invasive way to prevent and arrest caries in temporary and permanent teeth. Its application requires regular monitoring. The resulting black spot is diminished by immediate application of potassium iodide but this may affect its effectiveness.
PubMed: 38671716
DOI: 10.3390/children11040499 -
Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism Jun 2021To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of iodine supplementation during gestation on the neurocognitive development of children in areas where iodine deficiency is common.
METHODS
Based on the PRISMA methodology, we conducted the search for articles in the PubMed, LILACS and Scopus databases, between March and April 2020, without limitation of dates. We used descriptors in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, without filters. Four clinical trials and four cohort articles were included in the review.
RESULTS
The maximum supplementation was 300 μg of potassium iodide per day. The Bayley scale and Children's Communication Checklist-Short were used to assess neurodevelopment in children. There was no significant improvement in the children's mental development index and behavioural development index in the supplemented group; however, the psychomotor development index (PDI) showed improvement in the poorer gross motor skills. We found differences in the response time to sound in the supplemented group living in mild deficiency areas.
CONCLUSION
Daily supplementation with iodine can improve poor psychomotor development of children living in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas. Thus, it is necessary to perform further studies to assess the effect of supplementation on neurodevelopment before, during and after gestation in mild to moderate iodine deficiency areas.
Topics: Child; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Iodine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 34191411
DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000376 -
PloS One 2021Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used in minimally invasive dentistry for arresting dental caries. However, discoloration of teeth is a significant side effect that has...
The effect of the combined use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide in disrupting the plaque biofilm microbiome and alleviating tooth discoloration: A systematic review.
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is used in minimally invasive dentistry for arresting dental caries. However, discoloration of teeth is a significant side effect that has limited the use of SDF. Hence, the application of potassium iodide (KI) following SDF has been proposed to ameliorate the staining. Although antimicrobial activity is one of the major mechanisms of the caries-arresting effect of SDF, the antimicrobial potency of SDF/KI combination is unclear. Thus, the primary objective of this systematic review was to appraise the studies on the antimicrobial efficacy of SDF/KI combination on cariogenic microbes. The secondary objective was to summarize the evidence on the potential of KI in reducing the discoloration associated with the application of SDF. Electronic databases of Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EBSCO host were searched for English language manuscripts from January 2005 to 15th November 2020. The reference lists of these manuscripts were manually searched for additional studies. Twelve studies were included in the final analysis, seven of which have investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of SDF/KI, and the rest have examined the anti-staining potential of KI. The exploratory findings from the reviewed articles revealed the promising antimicrobial potential of SDF/KI on cariogenic microbes associated with dentine caries. There is, however, contradictory evidence on the effect of SDF/KI on tooth color. The reviewed in-vitro studies indicated significant effectiveness of KI in preventing staining. A clinical trial on primary dentition showed 25% reduction in the incidence of staining by SDF after applying KI, while a clinical study on root caries in adults showed no significant effect. Within the methodological limitations of this review, we conclude that for arresting dental caries, SDF could be combined with KI, as there may be a lower likelihood of staining. Further, well-designed clinical trials on the antimicrobial and anti-staining effect of SDF/KI are needed to obtain more robust evidence.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Drug Combinations; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Microbiota; Potassium Iodide; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Tooth Discoloration
PubMed: 34115788
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252734 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2020To assess if using potassium iodide (KI) immediately after application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) significantly reduces the staining of tooth structure.
OBJECTIVES
To assess if using potassium iodide (KI) immediately after application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) significantly reduces the staining of tooth structure.
DATA SOURCE AND SELECTION
Four online databases (OVID, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched (June 2019). Additional studies were sought through grey literature search and hand searching the reference list of included articles. All studies that analysed the effect of KI on SDF staining of tooth structure with access to full text in English language were included.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Of the six articles included in the review, five reported stain reduction in the teeth treated with application of KI to carious tooth structure following the application of SDF while one article reported no significant beneficial effect on reducing staining, when compared to SDF alone. Of the materials selected to restore SDF + KI treated teeth, resin-modified glass ionomer was found to produce the lightest results, followed by glass ionomer cement and composite resin. An in vivo case report also revealed some staining after six months, even with SDF + KI treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Although some studies reported a positive effect, insufficient evidence exists supporting a tangible clinical benefit of SDF + KI treatment on the tooth staining, mainly due to methodical variations within the current literature.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 31900927
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12743 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2018Iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as causing goitre and hypothyroidism in people of all ages. It is...
BACKGROUND
Iodine deficiency is the main cause of potentially preventable mental retardation in childhood, as well as causing goitre and hypothyroidism in people of all ages. It is still prevalent in large parts of the world.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of iodine supplementation overall, and of different forms and dosages of iodine supplementation separately, in the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders in children.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and reference lists, databases of ongoing trials and the Internet were searched.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials and prospective controlled trials not using randomisation of iodine supplementation in children living in areas of iodine deficiency.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers did the initial data selection and quality assessment of trials independently. As the studies identified were not sufficiently similar and not of sufficient quality, we did not do a meta-analysis but summarised the data in a narrative format.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty-six prospective controlled trials were related to our question, assessing a total of 29613 children. Twenty of them were classified as being of low quality, six of moderate quality. Most studies used iodised oil as a supplement, but other supplements were also used. The intervention groups were compared to a non-supplemented control group, different doses or different forms of iodine supplementation.There was a clear tendency towards goitre reduction with iodine supplementation; this was significant in several studies. Significant differences in physical development were not seen, except in one study. Results for differences in cognitive and psychomotor measures were mixed, with only few studies showing a positive intervention effect. One study suggested that infant mortality was lowered after iodine supplementation.Most studies showed a significant increase in urinary iodine excretion and levels recommended by the WHO were reached in most cases after supplementation. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were significantly reduced in one study. In 1.8% of the children investigated, adverse effects were found, most of them were minor and transient.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Despite most of the included studies being of low quality, the results suggest that iodine supplementation, especially iodised oil, is an effective means of decreasing goitre rates and improving iodine status in children. Indications of positive effects on physical and mental development and mortality were seen, although results were not always significant. Adverse effects were generally minor and transient. Insufficient evidence was available on non-oil supplements. High quality controlled studies investigating relevant long term outcome measures are needed to address the question of the best form of iodine supplementation in different population groups and settings.
Topics: Child; Congenital Hypothyroidism; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Dietary Supplements; Goiter; Humans; Iodates; Iodine; Iodized Oil; Myxedema; Potassium Compounds; Potassium Iodide; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 30489630
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003819.pub3 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Sep 2018Despite the global recommendation for fortification of salt with iodine, including salt used in food processing, most salt iodization programs have focussed only on... (Review)
Review
Despite the global recommendation for fortification of salt with iodine, including salt used in food processing, most salt iodization programs have focussed only on iodization of household salt. Food manufacturers are frequently concerned about the potential instability of iodine and changes in organoleptic properties of their products if iodized salt is used instead of non-iodized salt. To address these concerns, this paper provides a comprehensive review of studies conducted to assess the effect of iodized salt on the organoleptic properties of processed foods and condiments. A comprehensive review was conducted of eligible studies identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed, Medline) and open Internet searches for studies examining the effect of salt iodized with either potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO) on processed foods. A total of 34 studies on the effect of iodized salt on 38 types of processed foods are summarized. There is no evidence that the use of iodized salt in production of processed foods or condiments causes adverse organoleptic changes that will affect consumer acceptability or product quality. Universal salt iodization is widely recognized as the most cost-effective intervention to eliminate iodine deficiency. Taking into account increases in the proportion of dietary salt consumed through processed foods, and declines in salt consumed as household salt, iodized salt should be used in the production of processed foods as a means of assuring optimal iodine nutrition without the risk of affecting the organoleptic properties of foods.
PubMed: 30150792
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3277-9 -
Systematic Reviews Sep 2015One of the most efficient radiation protection methods to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes in case of accidental radioactive iodine release is the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
One of the most efficient radiation protection methods to reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes in case of accidental radioactive iodine release is the administration of potassium iodine (KI). Although KI administration is recommended by WHO's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents and is also widely implemented in most national guidelines, the scientific evidence for the guidelines lacks as the guidelines are mostly based on expert opinions and recommendations. Therefore, this study will provide evidence by systematically reviewing the effects of KI administration in case of accidental radioactive iodine release on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign nodules.
METHODS
We will apply standard systematic review methodology for the identification of eligible studies, data extraction, assessment of risk of biases, heterogeneity, and data synthesis. The electronic database search will be conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and EMBASE, and covers three search blocks with terms related to the health condition, intervention, and occurrence/location. We have no date or language restrictions, but restrictions to humans only. We will include studies comparing the effects of KI administration on thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign thyroid nodules in a population exposed to radioactive iodine release. The quality of the studies will be graded. If feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted.
DISCUSSION
This proposed systematic review will update the existing WHO guideline from 1999. New evidence on the efficacy of KI administration to reduce thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, and benign thyroid nodules in the event of an accidental release of radioactive iodine to the environment will provide the basis for an update of the WHO guideline for iodine prophylaxis following nuclear accidents.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42015024340.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Potassium Iodide; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiation Injuries; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radioactive Hazard Release; Research Design; Thyroid Diseases
PubMed: 26420738
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0106-3