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Journal of Zhejiang University....Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and...
Aeromonas sobria, a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals, is found in a variety of environments, including water, seafood, meat, and vegetables (Cahill, 1990; Galindo et al., 2004; Song et al., 2019). Aeromonas spp. are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture, which can rapidly proliferate, causing disease and even death in fish, especially when the environment is degraded (Neamat-Allah et al., 2020, 2021a, 2021b). In developing countries, Aeromonas spp. have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia, and lung infections (San Joaquin and Pickett, 1988; Wang et al., 2009; Su et al., 2013). Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals (Miyamoto et al., 2017). The presence of a plasmid encoding a β-lactamase in A. sobria that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics poses a huge challenge to the treatment of diseases caused by this microorganism (Lim and Hong, 2020). Consequently, an in-depth understanding of the interaction between A. sobria and its hosts is urgently required to enable the development of effective strategies for the treatment of A. sobria infections.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Cytokines; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Host Microbial Interactions; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34514758
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B2100456 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the...
, a common conditional pathogenic bacteria, is widely distributed in the environment and causes gastroenteritis in humans or septicemia in fish. Of all species, is the most frequently isolated from human infections especially in immunocompromised subjects. Innate immunity is the first protection system of organism to resist non-specific pathogens invasion; however, the immune response process of hosts against infection re\mains unexplored. The present study established an infection model using primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMφs). The adherence and cytotoxicity of on PMφs were determined by May-Grünwald Giemsa staining and LDH release measurement. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels were measured using qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA methods. We also investigated the levels of ASC oligomerization and determined the roles of active caspase-1 in IL-1β secretion through inhibition assays and explored the activated pattern recognition receptors through immunofluorescence. We further elucidated the roles of activated inflammasome in regulating the host's inflammatory response through inhibition combined with ELISA assays. Our results showed that induced lytic cell death and LDH release, whereas it had no adhesive properties on PMφs. triggered various proinflammatory cytokine transcription level upregulation, and IL-1β occupied the highest levels. The pro-IL-1β protein expression levels increased in a dose-dependent manner with MOI ranging from 1 to 100. This process was regulated by ASC-dependent inflammasome, which cleavage pro-IL-1β into active IL-1β p17 with activated caspase-1 p20. Meanwhile, the expression levels of NLRP3 receptor significantly increased, location analysis revealed puncta-like surrounding nuclear, and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome downregulated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Blocking of NLRP3 inflammasome activation through K efflux and cathepsin B or caspase approaches downregulated -induced proinflammatory cytokine production. Overall, these data indicated that induced proinflammatory cytokine production in PMφs through activating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Caspase 1; Cytokines; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
PubMed: 34513725
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.691445 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2021In this study, it was determinated the essential oil of cultivated apple mint, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of against 11 fish...
In this study, it was determinated the essential oil of cultivated apple mint, Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of against 11 fish pathogen bacteria including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Lactococcus garvieae, Vagococus salmoninarum) and Gram-negative (Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria Aeromonas cavieae, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella tarda) by using agar diffusion assay. The main component of M. suaveolence oil was obtained as piperitenone oxide. The essential oil exhibited strong inhibitory activity such as inhibition zone sizes: 30-50mm at 250-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against V. anguillarum; 16-20mm at 31.25-125 µL mL-1 concentrations against P. aeroginosa; 15-18mm at 500-1000 µL mL-1 concentrations against A. sobria. However, it was found to be moderately effective against E. tarda (8-15 mm), Y. ruckeri (9-12mm), S. warneri (9-10mm), V. salmoninarum (9mm) and Staphylococcus sp. (8-9mm). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against A. cavieae (5-8), A. hydrophila (6-7mm), L. garvieae (5-7mm). Thus, effect of essential oil of M. suaveolens on immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio anguillarum, A. sobria and P. aeroginosa should be investigated in vivo in cultured fish species in future studies.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fish Diseases; Lactococcus; Mentha; Oils, Volatile; Staphylococcus; Vibrio
PubMed: 34468488
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190478 -
PloS One 2021Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have found that healthcare-associated bacteremia (HAB) by Aeromonas species is associated with mortality. However, there is limited data on this outcome in patients with hematologic malignancies. This study aimed to identify the clinical features of patients with malignant hematologic diseases diagnosed with Aeromonas sobria bacteremia and to evaluate whether the type of bacteremia, community-acquired bacteremia (CAB) or HAB, is associated with mortality.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of pediatric and adult patients between January 2000 and December 2017. Clinical characteristics were compared between CAB and HAB. Additionally, we stratified based on age group. Survival outcomes were assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves and a multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients (median age 24 years) were identified; 23 (62%) had HAB and 14 (38%) had CAB. Overall, the most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain (41%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 12/15, 80%) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 8/22, 36%) were the primary hematologic malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. CAB patients had worse overall survival (OS) rates at 30 days in all (43% versus HAB 91%, p = 0.006) and adult patients (30% versus HAB 92%, p = 0.002). Cox regression analysis found that quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and CAB were statistically significant factors associated with mortality. Low antimicrobial-resistant was noted, except for ciprofloxacin (n = 5/37, 14%).
CONCLUSION
Our study found a worse OS among patients with hematologic malignancies and CAB by Aeromonas sobria. Our results suggest that patients with CAB present with a worse disease severity. These findings should aid clinicians to determine the survival prognosis in this population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas; Aged; Bacteremia; Child; Child, Preschool; Ciprofloxacin; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Organ Failure; Peru; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34379680
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255910 -
Food Safety (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2021Colistin (CST) is considered the last resort for the treatment of infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since the r-1 gene has been reported in...
Colistin (CST) is considered the last resort for the treatment of infectious diseases due to multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since the r-1 gene has been reported in isolated from food, animals, and humans in China, the prevalence of CST-resistant bacteria has been of great concern. Here, we investigated the prevalence of CST resistance and plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance genes () in gram-negative bacteria isolated among retail meats in Japan. CST-resistant bacteria were isolated from 310 domestic retail meats (103 chicken meat, 103 pork, and 104 beef) purchased between May 2017 and July 2018 from retail shops in Japan using CST-containing media and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The gene was investigated in isolates with a CST minimum inhibitory concentration of ≥1 μg/mL. Excluding the intrinsically CST-resistant isolates, CST-resistant bacteria were isolated from 39 of the total chicken meats (37.9%), 19 of the pork samples (18.4%), and 18 of the beef samples (17.3%). A total of 459 isolates were identified, out of which 99 were CST-resistant. CST resistance (resistance breakpoints: , >4 μg/mL; others, >2 μg/mL) was found in spp. (48/206, 23.3%), spp. (5/112, 4.5%), (23/39, 59%), spp. (4/26, 15.4%), spp. (2/23, 8.7%), spp. (2/16, 12.5%), spp. (7/14, 50%), spp. (1/8, 12.5%), spp. (5/7, 71.4%), spp. (1/4, 25%), and spp. (1/2, 50%). The gene was detected in 16 isolates: -1 in 14 isolates of from 10 chicken samples (9.7%), and -3 in two isolates of from pork and chicken samples (each 1.0%). The findings of this study highlight the necessity of surveillance of CST resistance and resistance genes in bacteria that contaminate retail meats.
PubMed: 34249589
DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.D-21-00002 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Apr 2021African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM)...
African catfish () were subjected to a 30-day feeding trial to determine the appropriateness of using plant protein (PP) (soybean and sunflower meal) as a fishmeal (FM) replacement in the diet and its effects on immune status, antioxidant activity, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide () gene expression, and disease resistance. A total of 150 (51.01 ± 0.34 g) were randomly distributed among five groups in triplicate. Five experimental diets were formulated to replace 0 (control), 33.5, 50, 66.5, and 100% FM with soybean and sunflower meal to form the experimental diets (R0, R33.5, R50, R66.5, and R100, respectively). After 30 days, the diet containing PP for FM had no significant impact on total, and differential leukocyte counts determined at the end of the feeding period. The total globulin concentration showed significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. The R0 group had the highest concentration of serum γ-globulin, while R100 had the lowest concentration. The antioxidant status complements 3 (C3), lysozyme activity (LYZ), and antiprotease activity were not significantly different between R0, R33.5, and R50 groups, while they were significantly lower in R100. The serum nitric oxide activity (NO) exhibited significantly greater differences in the following order R0 > R33.5 > R50 > R66.5 > R100. was significantly higher in the R33.5 group. The highest cumulative mortality caused by was recorded in the R100 group (60%) and the lowest in the R0 group (30%). In conclusion, the results indicate that the immunological responses and antioxidant status of were not affected when they consumed a diet with FM replaced by up to 50% with PP (SBM and SFM) with methionine and lysine supplementation, but total globulin, NO, and cumulative mortality were impaired with a diet containing a 100% FM replacement.
PubMed: 33922697
DOI: 10.3390/ani11051223 -
Medicine Mar 2021Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing bacterial soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by significant soft tissue...
RATIONALE
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing bacterial soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by significant soft tissue destruction with associated sepsis. The mainstay of treatment is coverage with appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and emergent surgical debridement.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A previously healthy 66-year-old female presented with a deep laceration to her right, posterior calf with subsequent contamination with lake water. After the wound was irrigated and closed, the patient developed NF.
DIAGNOSIS
Laceration of the right lower extremity complicated by NF secondary to Aeromonas sobria.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient underwent emergent surgical debridements with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and negative pressure wound therapy. The lower extremity was reconstructed with split-thickness skin grafts.
OUTCOMES
The patient's initial penetrating trauma was closed in the emergency room, and the patient was discharged home with antibiotics. She returned the next day with unstable vitals and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Her condition continued to deteriorate, and she underwent serial surgical debridements. Her condition improved and was discharged home after 13 days in the hospital.
LESSONS LEARNED
Close monitoring for NF is important for tissue infections sustained in aquatic environments. Timely identification and surgical management of NF increases overall survival.
Topics: Aeromonas; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Lakes; Leg; Skin Transplantation; Treatment Outcome; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 33725868
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024981 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2020In recent times, nutraceuticals have been used extensively to identify promising feed additives for the improvement of the aquaculture industry through the enhancement...
In recent times, nutraceuticals have been used extensively to identify promising feed additives for the improvement of the aquaculture industry through the enhancement of growth and survival rates, potentiation of the immune responses, and fortification of the resistance against infectious bacterial diseases. In this study, Nile tilapia () were fed with diets supplemented with quinoa seeds (QU) or prickly pear fruit peel (PP) at the dose levels of 10% or 20% of the diet. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the fish were exposed to challenge. The pre-challenge indices indicated that both supplements mediated a significant improvement in most of the estimated parameters, including survival rate, antioxidant status, hematological and immunological indices, and hepatoprotective potential. These effects were recorded in the groups fed with high doses of the supplements (20%). The least changes were observed in the QU-supplemented fish. In the spleen tissue, the gene was upregulated in the PP-, PP- and QU-supplemented groups, while the expression of the gene remained unaffected in all the supplemented groups, except for the PP-supplemented group, which showed an upregulation. After the challenge with , the relative survival percentage was improved by the supplementation of PP and QU, particularly in the PP-supplemented group, possibly via the promotion of immunological responses, hepatoprotective potency, and modulation of the studied genes. Moreover, the morphological structure of the tissues showed marked recovery. The findings suggest that Nile tilapia fed with different levels of PP peel and QU seeds, particularly at the level of 20%, enhanced the immune response in fish and improved their resistance against infection.
PubMed: 33271917
DOI: 10.3390/ani10122266 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Aug 2020The Gram-negative bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that affects humans and animals, including fish. Here, we report the draft genome of strain CHT-30, which was...
The Gram-negative bacterium is an opportunistic pathogen that affects humans and animals, including fish. Here, we report the draft genome of strain CHT-30, which was isolated from a diseased rainbow trout in Peru. The genome size is 4.91 Mb, with a G+C content of 57.7%, and the genome includes 4,820 coding sequences.
PubMed: 32817145
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00110-20 -
PloS One 2020Cholera remains a major global public health threat and continuous emergence of new Vibrio cholerae strains is of major concern. We conducted a molecular epidemiological...
Cholera remains a major global public health threat and continuous emergence of new Vibrio cholerae strains is of major concern. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study to detect virulence markers and antimicrobial resistance patterns of V. cholerae isolates obtained from the 2012-2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana. Archived clinical isolates obtained from the 2012, 2014 and 2015 cholera outbreaks in Ghana were revived by culture and subjected to microscopy, biochemical identification, serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility testing, molecular detection of distinct virulence factors and Multi-Locus Variable-Number of Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Of 277 isolates analysed, 168 (60.6%) were confirmed to be V. cholerae and 109 (39.4%) isolates constituted other bacteria (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterococci faecalis). Serotyping the V. cholerae isolates identified 151 (89.9%) as Ogawa, 3 (1.8%) as Inaba and 14 (8.3%) as non-O1/O139 serogroup. The O1 serogroup isolates (154/168, 91.7%) carried the cholera toxin ctxB gene as detected by PCR. Additional virulence genes detected include zot, tcpA, ace, rtxC, toxR, rtxA, tcpP, hlyA and tagA. The most common and rare virulence factors detected among the isolates were rtxC (165 isolates) and tcpP (50 isolates) respectively. All isolates from 2014 and 2015 were multidrug resistant against the selected antibiotics. MLVA differentiated the isolates into 2 large unique clones A and B, with each predominating in a particular year. Spatial analysis showed clustering of most isolates at Ablekuma sub-district. Identification of several virulence genes among the two different genotypes of V. cholerae isolates and resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics, calls for scaleup of preventive strategies to reduce transmission, and strengthening of public health laboratories for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide accurate treatment. Our findings support the current WHO licensed cholera vaccines which include both O1 Inaba and Ogawa serotypes.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholera; Cholera Toxin; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Ghana; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Serogroup; Tandem Repeat Sequences; Vibrio cholerae; Virulence
PubMed: 32649692
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236016