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Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Apr 2024In the aquaculture industry, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have great significance, mainly for confronting diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the...
Silica nanoparticles alleviate the immunosuppression, oxidative stress, biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological alterations induced by Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
In the aquaculture industry, silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have great significance, mainly for confronting diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the antibacterial efficiency of SiNPs as a versatile trial against Aeromonas veronii infection in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Further, we investigated the influence of SiNPs in palliating the immune-antioxidant stress biochemical, ethological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii. The experiment was conducted for 10 days, and about 120 fish were distributed into four groups at random, with 30 fish each. The first group is a control that was neither exposed to infection nor SiNPs. The second group (SiNPs) was vulnerable to SiNPs at a concentration of 20 mg/L in water. The third group was experimentally infected with A. veronii at a concentration of 1.5 × 10 CFU/mL. The fourth group (A. veronii + SiNPs) was exposed to SiNPs and infected with A. veronii. Results outlined that A. veronii infection induced behavioral alterations and suppression of immune-antioxidant responses that appeared as a clear decline in protein profile indices, complement 3, lysozyme activity, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. The kidney and liver function biomarkers (creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine aminotransferase) and lipid peroxide (malondialdehyde) were substantially increased in the A. veronii group, with marked histopathological changes and immunohistochemical alterations in these tissues. Interestingly, the exposure to SiNPs resulted in a clear improvement in all measured biomarkers and a noticeable regeneration of the histopathological changes. Overall, it will establish that SiNPs are a new, successful tool for opposing immunological, antioxidant, physiological, and histopathological alterations induced by A. veronii infection.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aeromonas veronii; Catfishes; Oxidative Stress; Immunosuppression Therapy; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38060081
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01274-6 -
BMC Veterinary Research Nov 2023This study (60 days) was conducted to investigate the ability of diet enriched with Coriandrum sativum powder or its extract to protect Oreochromis niloticus health and...
The contribution of Coriandrum sativum in enhancing Oreochromis niloticus rearing at sub-optimal temperatures: effect on growth, health status, survival rate, and resistance to Aeromons Veronii.
This study (60 days) was conducted to investigate the ability of diet enriched with Coriandrum sativum powder or its extract to protect Oreochromis niloticus health and survivability at suboptimal temperature (21 ℃). One hundred and twenty (33.14 ± 0.5 g) were divided into four groups; each group has three replicates.. The first control group fed on a basal diet. Second and third groups fed on diet enriched with 30 mg/kg coriander seed powder (CP) and coriander seed ethanolic extract (CE), respectively. The fourth group (OT) fed on diet enriched with 500 mg oxytetracycline/kg diet. The results revealed that CE exhibited a considerable improvement in hematological parameters, hepatic-renal functions, antioxidant status, and immunological markers as well as remarkably increased resistance against Aeromonas veronii. It could be concluded that feeding tilapia CE enriched diet at 30 mg/kg is a recommended strategy to enhance tilapia health and resistance to A. veronii infection reared at 21 ℃.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Coriandrum; Survival Rate; Powders; Temperature; Diet; Health Status; Animal Feed; Fish Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Disease Resistance; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
PubMed: 38037033
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03809-8 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023is the causative agent of septicemia in fish, and it is associated with significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. While piscine infections are mainly...
is the causative agent of septicemia in fish, and it is associated with significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. While piscine infections are mainly treated with antibiotics, the emergence of resistance in bacterial populations requires the development of alternative methods of treatment. The use of phages can be one of them. A novel jumbo phage, AerS_266, was isolated and characterized. This phage infects only mesophilic strains and demonstrates a slow lytic life cycle. Its genome contains 243,674 bp and 253 putative genes: 84 encode proteins with predicted functions, and 3 correspond to tRNAs. Genes encoding two multisubunit RNA polymerases, chimallin and PhuZ, were identified, and AerS_266 was thus defined as a phiKZ-like phage. While similar phages with genomes >200 kb specific to and have been previously described, AerS_266 is the first phiKZ-like phage found to infect .
PubMed: 38004661
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112649 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of...
We studied the phenotypic and genomic characteristics related to the virulence and antibiotic resistance of two strains, which were co-isolated before an outbreak of among diseased seabass on Agathonisi Island, Greece, in April 2015. The first strain, AG2.13.2, is a potentially pathogenic mesophilic variant of , and the second, AG2.13.5, corresponds to an related to KN-Mc-11N1 with an ANI value of 97.32%. AG2.13.2 lacks the type III secretion system just like other mesophilic strains of . This characteristic has been associated with lower virulence. However, the genome of AG2.13.2 contains other important virulence factors such as type II and type VI secretion systems, and toxins such as , aerolysin /, and different types of hemolysins. The strain also carries several genes associated with antibiotic resistance such as the efflux pump, and exhibits resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and oxolinic acid. In an in vivo challenge test with gilthead seabream larvae, the bv strain AG5.28.6 exhibited the highest virulence among all tested strains. Conversely, both and showed minimal virulence when administered alone. Interestingly, when bv AG5.28.6 was co-administered with , the larvae survival probability increased compared to those exposed to bv AG5.28.6 alone. This finding indicates an antagonistic interaction between bv AG5.28.6 and AG2.13.5. The co-administration of bv AG5.28.6 with did not yield distinct survival probabilities. Our results validate that the primary pathogen responsible for European seabass aeromoniasis is bv .
PubMed: 38003801
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111337 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Sep 2023Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Alim_AV_1000 isolated from ulcerative lesions of Shing fish (stringing catfish; ) was performed during the outbreak year 2021.
OBJECTIVE
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Alim_AV_1000 isolated from ulcerative lesions of Shing fish (stringing catfish; ) was performed during the outbreak year 2021.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using next-generation sequencing (Illumina) technology, WGS was accomplished, resulting in the sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the entire genome of the strain. Moreover, the genomic features, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistome, and phylogenetic analysis for the molecular evolution of this strain were also examined.
RESULTS
The genome size of the Alim_AV_1000 strain was 4,494,515 bp, with an average G+C content of 58.87%. Annotation revealed the known transporters and genes linked to virulence, drug targets, and antimicrobial resistance.
CONCLUSION
The findings of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain of the present study has a close relationship with the China strain TH0426 and strain B56. This study provides novel information on isolated from Shing fish in Bangladesh.
PubMed: 37969805
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j711 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2023can adhere to host cells through different adherence factors including outer-membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pili, but its adherence mechanisms...
can adhere to host cells through different adherence factors including outer-membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pili, but its adherence mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) on adherence of and its regulation mechanism. After determination of the promotion effect of AI-2 on adherence, we investigated which adherence factor was regulated by AI-2, and the results show that AI-2 only limits the formation of pili. Among the four distinct pili systems, only the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) type IV pili genes were significantly downregulated after deficiency of AI-2. MshE, an ATPase belonged to MSHA type IV pilin, was confirmed as c-di-GMP receptor, that can bind with c-di-GMP which is positively regulated by AI-2, and the increase of c-di-GMP can promote the expression of MSHA type IV pili genes and adherence of . Therefore, this study confirms that c-di-GMP positively regulated by AI-2 binds with MshE, then increases the expression of MSHA pili genes, finally promoting adherence of , suggesting a multilevel positive regulatory adhesion mechanism that is responsible for adherence.
Topics: Aeromonas veronii; Hemagglutinins; Mannose; Fimbriae, Bacterial
PubMed: 37902393
DOI: 10.1128/aem.00819-23 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023Nanotechnology can enhance nutrient delivery and bioavailability; hence, it has recently been considered the most practical alternative technology for nutritional...
Nanotechnology can enhance nutrient delivery and bioavailability; hence, it has recently been considered the most practical alternative technology for nutritional supplements and disease control in fish farming. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of mangosteen peel extract loaded in nanoemulsion (MSNE) on the inhibition of (in vitro) and in vivo growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, the immune response, and the disease resistance of Nile tilapia () against challenge. The particle size, polydispersity index, and particle surface charge of MSNE were 151.9 ± 1.4 nm, >0.3, and -30 mV, respectively. Furthermore, MSNE, mangosteen peel extract (MPE), and nanoemulsion (NE) improved the antimicrobial activity against . Fish fed MSNE, MPE, and NE-supplemented diets had a significantly lower ( < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and higher specific growth rate (SGR) than fish fed the control diet. Furthermore, the MSNE had significantly higher serum glucose and protein levels than the control group in Nile tilapia. Total immunoglobulin, serum lysozyme, alternative complement activity, and survival of Nile tilapia fed with MSNE were significantly higher ( < 0.05) than the control diet. Therefore, MSNE has the potential to be employed as a supplement in sustainable Nile tilapia farming.
PubMed: 37889734
DOI: 10.3390/ani13111798 -
Veterinary World Sep 2023The high diversity of spp. results in various pathogenicity levels. This group of bacteria causes a serious disease named motile septicemia (MAS) in catfish ( spp.)....
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The high diversity of spp. results in various pathogenicity levels. This group of bacteria causes a serious disease named motile septicemia (MAS) in catfish ( spp.). This study aimed to characterize the species and virulence gene diversity of spp. isolated from diseased catfish.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nine spp. were isolated from infected catfish cultivated in Java, Indonesia, and they were identified at the phenotypic and molecular levels (16S rDNA). The virulence genes assessed included , , , , , and .
RESULTS
Phylogenetic analysis identified nine isolates of spp.: (11.11%), (11.11%), bv. (44.44%), and (33.33%). Virulence genes, such as , , , , , and , were detected in all isolates at frequencies of approximately 100%, 66.67%, 88.89%, 100%, 55.56%, and 66.67%, respectively. This study is the first report on recovered from an Indonesian catfish culture. Furthermore, our study revealed the presence of . bv , a biovar that has not been reported before in Indonesia.
CONCLUSION
This finding confirms that MAS was caused by multiple species of , notably and . bv , within Indonesian fish culture. The presence of these species with multiple virulence genes poses a significant threat to the freshwater aquaculture industry.
PubMed: 37859968
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1974-1984 -
Virulence Dec 2023The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in clinical settings has presented an escalating burden on human and public health. The dissemination of antibiotic...
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in clinical settings has presented an escalating burden on human and public health. The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in is predominantly facilitated by chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements, although the existing literature on this subject remains limited. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to comprehensively investigate the genomic characteristics of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements in . Moreover, the study aims to uncover novel genetic environments associated with antibiotic resistance on these elements. were screened from nonduplicated strains collected from two tertiary hospitals in China. Complete sequencing and population genetics analysis were performed. BLAST analysis was employed to identify related elements. All newly identified elements were subjected to detailed sequence annotation, dissection, and comparison. We identified and newly designated 19 chromosomal elements, including 18 integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) that could be classified into four categories: Tn-related, Tn-related, Tn-related, and Tn-related IMEs. Each class exhibited a distinct pattern in the types of resistance genes carried by the IMEs. Several novel antibiotic resistance genetic environments were uncovered in these elements. Notably, we report the first identification of the gene and gene in clinical genome, the first presence of a (E)-(E) resistance gene environment within the backbone region in IMEs, and a new resistance gene environment. The implications of these findings are substantial, as they provide new insights into the evolution, structure, and dissemination of chromosomal-borne accessory elements.
Topics: Humans; Aeromonas; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chromosomes; China
PubMed: 37848422
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2271688 -
Environmental Research Dec 2023The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture drives the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) can be disseminated to other...
The overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture drives the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) can be disseminated to other bacteria through vertical- and horizontal gene transfer (VGT and HGT) under selective pressure. Profiling the antibiotic resistome and understanding the global distribution of ARGs constitutes the first step in developing a control strategy. Hence, this study utilized extensive genomic data from hundreds of Aeromonas strains in aquaculture to profile resistome patterns and explores their association with isolation year, country, and species characteristics. Overall, ∼400 Aeromonas genomes were used to predict the ARGs from A. salmonicida, A. hydrophila, A. veronii, A. media, and A. sobria. ARGs such as sul1, tet(A), and tet(D), which display a similar proportion of positive strains among species, were subjected to phylodynamic and phylogeographic analyses. More than a hundred ARGs were identified, some of which exhibited either species-specific or non-species-specific patterns. A. salmonicida and A. media were found to have a higher proportion of species-specific ARGs than other strains, which might lead to more distinct patterns of ARG acquisition. Overall, ∼25% of strains have either sul1, tet(A), or tet(D) gene(s), but no significant difference was observed in the proportion of positive strains by species. Phylogeographic analysis revealed that the abundant numbers of sul1, tet(A), and/or tet(D) introduced in a few East Asian and North American countries could spread to both adjacent and faraway countries. In recent years, the proportions of these ARGs have dramatically increased, particularly in strains sourced from aquatic environments, suggesting control is required of the overuse of antibiotics in aquaculture. The findings of this research offer significant insights into the global dissemination of ARGs.
Topics: Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Aquaculture; North America; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 37805184
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117273