-
Microbiology Resource Announcements Feb 2023The genomes of seven Aeromonas veronii strains isolated from tissues of healthy or diseased channel catfish obtained from Alabama, USA, fish farms were sequenced and...
The genomes of seven Aeromonas veronii strains isolated from tissues of healthy or diseased channel catfish obtained from Alabama, USA, fish farms were sequenced and annotated. These genome sequences will enable comparative analyses to determine the roles these bacteria play in catfish aquaculture and the development of new preventative or management strategies.
PubMed: 36700629
DOI: 10.1128/mra.01231-22 -
Microorganisms Dec 2022This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and the genetic diversity of isolated from migratory birds from Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province,...
This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and the genetic diversity of isolated from migratory birds from Guangxi Province, Guangdong Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Jiangxi Province, and Inner Mongolia in China. A total of 810 samples were collected, including fresh feces, cloacal swabs, and throat swabs. The collected samples were processed and subjected to bacteriological examination. The resistance to 21 antibiotics was evaluated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using concatenated ----- sequences. Eight putative virulence factors were identified by PCR and sequencing, and a biofilm formation assay was performed using a modified microtiter plate method. In total, 176 isolates were isolated including , , , and . All isolates showed variable resistance against all 16 tested antibiotic discs, and only one antibiotic had no reference standard. Six kinds of virulence gene markers were discovered, and the detection rates were 46.0% (), 76.1% (), 52.3% (), 4.5% (), 54.0% (), and 64.2% (). These strains were able to form biofilms with distinct magnitudes; 102 were weakly adherent, 14 were moderately adherent, 60 were non-adherent, and none were strongly adherent. Our results suggest that migratory birds carry highly virulent and multidrug-resistant and spread them around the world through migration, which is a potential threat to public health.
PubMed: 36677299
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010007 -
Medicine Jan 2023Lactic acidosis is a disease in which lactic acid accumulates in the blood and causes acidosis in the patient. The criteria for diagnosis are a lactate level of >2...
RATIONALE
Lactic acidosis is a disease in which lactic acid accumulates in the blood and causes acidosis in the patient. The criteria for diagnosis are a lactate level of >2 mmol/L in the blood and a blood pH of <7.2.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 72-year-old Asian female with a history of diabetes for 20+ years was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of "dry mouth, polydipsia for 20+ years, loss of appetite for 5+ days, vomiting for 1-day." She was admitted with a blood gas pH of 6.795, and a lactate level of >30 mmol/L.
DIAGNOSES
Type 2 diabetes mellitus with lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, chronic renal insufficiency, hypertensive disease, and coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease.
INTERVENTIONS
She was treated with symptomatic rehydration and ketone reduction immediately, but then became unconscious and was admitted to the intensive care unit, where she was administered symptomatic support and continuous renal replacement therapy. As the blood culture showed Aeromonas veronii, she was administered a sensitive antibiotic in conjunction.
OUTCOMES
However, after achieving a stable internal environment and good infection control, the patient's family decided to discontinue treatment because of persistent heart failure with acute exacerbation of chronic renal insufficiency complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding.
LESSONS
Lactic acidosis has low incidence, poor prognosis, and high morbidity and mortality rates. Special attention should be paid to infection-induced acidosis, especially in patients with combined multi-organ insufficiency. Early diagnosis and active management can improve the patient prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Metformin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycemic Agents; Acidosis, Lactic; Aeromonas veronii; Lactic Acid; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 36637931
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032659 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in...
The area around Poyang Lake is the main aquaculture area in Jiangxi Province, China, and an important base for the supply of freshwater aquatic products. Aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area is severely threatened by diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, and has been the main pathogen in recent years. In this paper, ERIC-PCR genotyping, virulence gene and antimicrobial resistance gene detection, and drug susceptibility tests were carried out on 46 isolates obtained from aquaculture systems in the Poyang Lake area from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the strains in the Poyang Lake area had high genetic diversity, and 46 strains produced 36 ERIC genotypes. There were no geographical and temporal differences in the cluster analysis results and no dominant clones. All 13 virulence genes tested were detected, and all isolates had harbored 2 or more virulence genes, with a maximum of 12 virulence genes detected. Among the 22 antimicrobial resistance genes selected, 15 were detected; 97.8% of the isolates contained 2 or more antimicrobial resistance genes, with a maximum of 9 antimicrobial resistance genes. Drug susceptibility tests showed that some strains were resistant to a variety of traditionally effective drugs for such as enrofloxacin and florfenicol. This study provides a reference for exploring the impact of aquaculture in the Poyang Lake area on public health.
PubMed: 36578578
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1042007 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be based on the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. In Ghana,...
BACKGROUND
Efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be based on the One Health approach, involving human health, animal health, and the environment. In Ghana, previous studies on AMR have given little attention to animal source food, a major route of transmission of antibiotic-resistant zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in meat sold in Accra.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study in which 270 meat samples (90 each of beef, goat meat, and chicken) were collected, and investigated for contamination with multidrug-resistant bacteria. The bacteria were subjected to susceptibility testing against amikacin (30 µg), ampicillin (10 µg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20/10 µg), cefuroxime (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 µg), ertapenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), imipenem (10 µg), tigecycline (15 µg), and gentamicin (10 µg).
RESULTS
Thirty-two different types of bacteria, totalling 558, were isolated, the predominant being (44.6%), (19.9%), (3.4%), (3.2%), and (3.1%). The prevalence of MDR among the contaminating bacteria was 14.9%. The MDR distribution among the predominant bacteria was (18.7%), (11.1%), and (0.0% each), and (5.6%). Moreover, 2.0% of the contaminating bacteria were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, all of which occurred in the chicken samples, and their distribution was: (1.3%), , spp., , and (0.2% each).
CONCLUSIONS
The meat samples were heavily contaminated with and , and less frequently, with , , and other organisms. The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria was moderate (14.9%), while that of ESBL producers was low (2%).
PubMed: 36558851
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121517 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Bacterial communities, microbial populations, and antibiotic resistance of potential pathogens in the water and fish (, flesh and gut) from different areas (A1, A2 and...
Bacterial communities, microbial populations, and antibiotic resistance of potential pathogens in the water and fish (, flesh and gut) from different areas (A1, A2 and A3-A1 was linked with river water, A2 with cattle activity, and A3 with waters of a spring after heavy rains) of Lake Karla (Thessaly, Central Greece) were investigated. The isolated bacteria were identified using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and were tested for resistance in 21 antibiotics. The microbiota composition of fish flesh was also studied using 16S amplicon-based sequencing and several species of (e.g., , , etc.) exhibited the highest abundances in all studied samples, while the microbiota profile between the three studied areas was similar, according to the culture-dependent analysis. Of them, was found to be resistant in the majority of the antibiotics for the water and fish (gut and flesh), mainly of the areas A1 and A2. Regarding 16S metabarcoding, the presence of and at genus level was confirmed, but they found at very lower abundances than those reported using the culture-dependent analysis. Finally, the TVC and the rest of the studied microbiological parameters were found at acceptable levels (4 log cfu/mL or cfu/g and 2-4 log cfu/mL or cfu/g, extremely low levels of /coliforms) in both water and fish flesh. Based on our findings, the water of Lake Karla would be used for activities such as irrigation, recreation and fishing, however, the development and implementation of a quality management tool for Lake Karla, to ensure environmental hygiene and prevention of zoonosis during the whole year, is imperative.
PubMed: 36558807
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121473 -
Life (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify...
Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify Aeromonas species harbouring virulence genes aerolysin, flagellin, and lipase from diseased fishes of Assam wetlands with association with antibiotic resistance and in vivo pathogenicity. One hundred and thirty-four Aeromonas strains were isolated and thirty representative species identified using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene amplification. A. veronii was most prevalent (53.7%) followed by A. hydrophila (40.2%), A. caviae (4.47%), and A. dhakensis (1.49%). Ninety percent (90%) of strains harboured at least one of the studied virulence genes: aerA (73.3%), lip (46.6%), and flaA (26.6%). The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index 0.8 corresponded to A. hydrophila DBTNE1 (MZ723069), containing all the studied genes. The lowest LD50 values (1.6 × 106 CFU/fish) corresponded to isolates having both aerA and lip. β-lactams showed utmost resistance and lowest for aminoglycosides. There was a significant (p < 0.05) Pearson chi-square test of association between the occurrence of virulence and antibiotic resistance. The in silico protein−protein interaction revealed important drug targets, such as σ28 transcription factor, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and diacylglycerol kinase, with significant (p < 0.05) enrichment. This study suggests that fish-isolate Aeromonas strains represent potential threat to aquaculture with subsequent risk of transferring antibiotic resistance to human pathogens.
PubMed: 36556344
DOI: 10.3390/life12121979 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect various living organisms and are ubiquitously found in different aquatic environments. In this study, we used whole...
species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect various living organisms and are ubiquitously found in different aquatic environments. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify and compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, integrons, transposases and plasmids found in , and isolated from Indian major carp (, Indian carp (, catfish () and Nile tilapia () sampled in India. To gain a wider comparison, we included 11 whole genome sequences of spp. from different host species in India deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Our findings show that all 15 sequences examined had multiple AMR genes of which the Ambler classes B, C and D β-lactamase genes were the most dominant. The high similarity of AMR genes in the sequences obtained from different host species point to interspecies transmission of AMR genes. Our findings also show that all sequences examined encoded several multidrug efflux-pump proteins. As for genes linked to mobile genetic elements (MBE), only the class I integrase was detected from two fish isolates, while all transposases detected belonged to the insertion sequence (IS) family. Only seven of the 15 sequences examined had plasmids and none of the plasmids encoded AMR genes. In summary, our findings show that spp. isolated from different host species in India carry multiple AMR genes. Thus, we advocate that the control of AMR caused by spp. in India should be based on a One Health approach.
PubMed: 36532495
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1008870 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Lake Cajititlán is a subtropical and endorheic lake, which is heavily impacted by nutrient pollution. Agricultural runoff and poorly treated wastewater have entered...
Lake Cajititlán is a subtropical and endorheic lake, which is heavily impacted by nutrient pollution. Agricultural runoff and poorly treated wastewater have entered this reservoir at alarming rates during past rainy seasons, causing the cultural eutrophication of this body of water and resulting in several massive fish kill events. In this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to examine the taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season. Several water quality features and their interactions with microbial communities were also assessed to identify the major factors affecting the water quality and biota, specifically fish species. According to current water quality regulations, most of the physicochemical variables analyzed (dissolved oxygen, pH, Secchi disk, NH , NO , blue-green algae, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-) were outside of the permissible limits. and were the most abundant phytoplankton species, and the dominant bacterial genera were , , and , with , , and representing the most abundant bacterial species. All of these microorganisms have been reported to be potentially harmful to fish, and the latter three (, , ) also contain genes associated with pathogenicity in fish mortality (, S, , , , , , ). Genetic evidence from the microbial communities analyzed herein reveals that anthropogenic sources of nutrients in the lake altered genes involved in nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon metabolism, mainly at the beginning of the rainy season. These findings suggest that abiotic factors influence the structure of the microbial communities, along with the major biogeochemical cycles of Lake Cajititlán, resulting in temporal variations and an excess of microorganisms that can thrive in high-nutrient and low-oxygen environments. After reviewing the literature, this appears to be the first study that focuses on characterizing the water quality of a subtropical hypereutrophic lake through associations between physicochemical variables and shotgun metagenomic data. In addition, there are few studies that have coupled the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems with nutrient cycles.
PubMed: 36532453
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037626 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. It is a foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea in humans and skin ulceration in fish. In...
is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. It is a foodborne pathogen associated with diarrhea in humans and skin ulceration in fish. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing to profile all antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes found in . strain SD/21-15 isolated from marine sediments in Denmark. To gain a better understanding of virulence and AMR genes found in several . strains, we included 24 whole genomes retrieved from the public databanks whose isolates originate from different host species and environmental samples from Asia, Europe, and North America. We also compared the virulence genes of strain SD/21-15 with . , . , and . reference strains. We detected pili, tap IV pili, and lateral flagella genes responsible for expression of motility and adherence proteins in all isolates. We also found , , and hemolysin genes in all isolates responsible for virulence in all isolates while the gene was not detected in all . isolates but was present in . . , and . reference strains. In addition, we detected and responsible for quorum sensing and biofilm formation as well as the ferric uptake regulator (), heme and siderophore genes responsible for iron acquisition in all . isolates. As for the secretory systems, we found all genes that form the T2SS in all isolates while only the , , , and genes that form parts of the T6SS were detected in some isolates. Presence of and β-lactamases as well as and genes in all isolates is suggestive that these genes were intrinsically encoded in the genomes of all . isolates. Finally, the presence of various transposases, integrases, recombinases, virulence, and AMR genes in the plasmids examined in this study is suggestive that . has the potential to transfer virulence and AMR genes to other bacteria. Overall, we anticipate these data will pave way for further studies on virulence mechanisms and the role of . in the spread of AMR genes.
PubMed: 36532448
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022639