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Journal of Injury & Violence Research Mar 2024Drowning is a worldwide problem. Scholarly publications about drowning prevention play a crucial role in bringing data to policy makers and prevention specialists. This...
BACKGROUND
Drowning is a worldwide problem. Scholarly publications about drowning prevention play a crucial role in bringing data to policy makers and prevention specialists. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of published articles related to unintentional drowning prevention included in the comprehensive, curated injury literature database, SafetyLit®.
METHODS
Thorough searches of drowning-related search terms in English and non- English translations identified articles published in journals between 2000 and 2022.
RESULTS
There was a 3-fold increase in publications between 2000 and 2022, with 2,937 articles published in 941 journals. Articles were published in 20 different languages. Five journals published 16% of the articles and sixty-one top journals published 50% of the articles. Eighty-nine percent of the top journals were included in PubMed; 82% were indexed in MEDLINE®; and professional areas of expertise of article authors spanned 18 categories.
CONCLUSIONS
This study can facilitate journal selection for drowning researchers to ultimately increase the publication of scientific literature globally.
PubMed: 38439555
DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v16i1.1840 -
BMC Pediatrics Feb 2024The Ethiopian government implemented a national community health program, the Health Extension Program (HEP), to provide community-based health services to address...
BACKGROUND
The Ethiopian government implemented a national community health program, the Health Extension Program (HEP), to provide community-based health services to address persisting access-related barriers to care using health extension workers (HEWs). We used implementation research to understand how Ethiopia leveraged the HEP to widely implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) known to reduce under-5 mortality (U5M) and address health inequities.
METHODS
This study was part of a six-country case study series using implementation research to understand how countries implemented EBIs between 2000-2015. Our mixed-methods research was informed by a hybrid implementation science framework using desk review of published and gray literature, analysis of existing data sources, and 11 key informant interviews. We used implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-10) and integrated community case management (iCCM) to illustrate Ethiopia's ability to rapidly integrate interventions into existing systems at a national level through leveraging the HEP and other implementation strategies and contextual factors which influenced implementation outcomes.
RESULTS
Ethiopia implemented numerous EBIs known to address leading causes of U5M, leveraging the HEP as a platform for delivery to successfully introduce and scale new EBIs nationally. By 2014/15, estimated coverage of three doses of PCV-10 was at 76%, with high acceptability (nearly 100%) of vaccines in the community. Between 2000 and 2015, we found evidence of improved care-seeking; coverage of oral rehydration solution for treatment of diarrhea, a service included in iCCM, doubled over this period. HEWs made health services more accessible to rural and pastoralist communities, which account for over 80% of the population, with previously low access, a contextual factor that had been a barrier to high coverage of interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
Leveraging the HEP as a platform for service delivery allowed Ethiopia to successfully introduce and scale existing and new EBIs nationally, improving feasibility and reach of introduction and scale-up of interventions. Additional efforts are required to reduce the equity gap in coverage of EBIs including PCV-10 and iCCM among pastoralist and rural communities. As other countries continue to work towards reducing U5M, Ethiopia's experience provides important lessons in effectively delivering key EBIs in the presence of challenging contextual factors.
Topics: Humans; Community Health Services; Public Health; Ethiopia; Case Management; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Community Health Workers
PubMed: 38413946
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04388-1 -
Australian and New Zealand Journal of... Feb 2024To explore the views of surfers on investment in shark management compared to other coastal public health issues.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the views of surfers on investment in shark management compared to other coastal public health issues.
METHODS
We examined the responses of 672 New South Wales (NSW) resident surfers to the Global Surfer Survey, which collected demographic information and asked surfers about which topics they believe additional funding should be devoted to.
RESULTS
Half of surfers in NSW (50%) are worried about sharks while surfing only a very small proportion (16%) are supportive of additional funding for shark detection and management programs, with most being in favour of funding directed at ocean cleanliness (40%) and drowning prevention (29%).
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate surfers are more supportive of investment in ocean cleanliness and drowning prevention measures, as compared to shark mitigation.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH
Ocean users in general face a significantly greater risk (48 times) of drowning than shark bites. Given the relative public health burden of the two issues, is the significant financial investment in shark mitigation worth it?
PubMed: 38413291
DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100116 -
Forensic Sciences Research Dec 2023Every year, people drown after falling through ice on rivers and lakes. In some cases, the body of the victim floats up to the underside of the ice, making detection and...
UNLABELLED
Every year, people drown after falling through ice on rivers and lakes. In some cases, the body of the victim floats up to the underside of the ice, making detection and recovery difficult using traditional search methods with divers. A robust and contact-less sensing system is required to locate drowning victims that does not put rescue teams at risk of falling through the ice themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) for detecting deceased drowning victims that have floated up to the underside of the ice. We placed three euthanized pigs simulating drowning victims under ice ranging in thickness from 5 to 26 cm. We dragged a GPR at 500 MHz and 1 GHz across the ice to detect the simulated victims using an autocorrelation-based detection technique. Results showed that both frequencies were able to detect the rough shape of the simulated victims at ice thicknesses up to 42 cm, with the 1-GHz data showing slightly more resolution than the 500-MHz data. These results show promise and suggest future development of an autonomous drone-based GPR detection system.
KEY POINTS
Floating bodies are successfully detected under both ice and snow using a commercial ground penetrating radar system with ice depths reaching up to 26 cm in a controlled environment.The differences between using radar systems operating at/around 500 MHz and 1 GHz were not pronounced from the point of view of detection.Future studies should investigate the capabilities for detecting bodies in more realistic settings.
PubMed: 38405623
DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad040 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... May 2024Speech recognition becomes increasingly important in the modern society, especially for human-machine interactions, but its deployment is still severely thwarted by the...
Speech recognition becomes increasingly important in the modern society, especially for human-machine interactions, but its deployment is still severely thwarted by the struggle of machines to recognize voiced commands in challenging real-life settings: oftentimes, ambient noise drowns the acoustic sound signals, and walls, face masks or other obstacles hide the mouth motion from optical sensors. To address these formidable challenges, an experimental prototype of a microwave speech recognizer empowered by programmable metasurface is presented here that can remotely recognize human voice commands and speaker identities even in noisy environments and if the speaker's mouth is hidden behind a wall or face mask. The programmable metasurface is the pivotal hardware ingredient of the system because its large aperture and huge number of degrees of freedom allows the system to perform a complex sequence of sensing tasks, orchestrated by artificial-intelligence tools. Relying solely on microwave data, the system avoids visual privacy infringements. The developed microwave speech recognizer can enable privacy-respecting voice-commanded human-machine interactions is experimentally demonstrated in many important but to-date inaccessible application scenarios. The presented strategy will unlock new possibilities and have expectations for future smart homes, ambient-assisted health monitoring, as well as intelligent surveillance and security.
Topics: Microwaves; Humans; Speech Recognition Software
PubMed: 38380552
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309826 -
BMC Public Health Feb 2024Drowning is a public health problem in Türkiye, as in the rest of the world. This study aims to systematically review the literature on drowning in Türkiye with a...
INTRODUCTION
Drowning is a public health problem in Türkiye, as in the rest of the world. This study aims to systematically review the literature on drowning in Türkiye with a focus on data sources, epidemiology, risk factors and prevention strategies.
METHODS
Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, SPORTSDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science, Turk MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Google Akademik (Turkish language). Studies (limited to original research written in English and Turkish) reporting drowning (unintentional and intentional; fatal and non-fatal) of residents and tourists in Türkiye were independently dual screened at the title and abstract and full text stages. Study quality was assessed using JBI checklists and evidence level assessed based on study design.
RESULTS
From a total of 917 studies, 49 met the inclusion criteria. Most (51%) focused on unintentional fatal drowning. Included studies were most commonly analytical cross-sectional studies (n = 23) and case series (n = 20) meaning the evidence level was low or very low for 48 (98%) studies. Fifteen studies examined drowning at the national level, while sub-national studies (n = 30) focused on urban areas across three provinces: Antalya (n = 6), Istanbul (n = 6), Izmir (n = 4). There was little consensus on risk factors beyond male drowning risk, and no data reported on implemented or evaluated drowning prevention interventions.
DISCUSSION
There is a need for more national-level studies to identify the causes of drowning and to guide intervention implementation and evaluation to inform policy makers and donors. Currently official data is limited in its detail, providing age and gender data only, hampering efforts to identify, and thus address, causal factors for drowning.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
There is currently very little evidence to inform investment in effective drowning prevention interventions in Türkiye. To improve this, data collection systems on drowning in Türkiye need to be strengthened via the development a national drowning registry.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
#CRD42022382615.
Topics: Humans; Male; Drowning; Cross-Sectional Studies; Turkey; Risk Factors; Public Health
PubMed: 38378496
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18032-9 -
Injury Prevention : Journal of the... Feb 2024This study examined trends in the frequencies and rates of deaths associated with unintentional injuries in sport and recreation in Québec, Canada, for the period...
OBJECTIVES
This study examined trends in the frequencies and rates of deaths associated with unintentional injuries in sport and recreation in Québec, Canada, for the period January 2006-December 2019.
METHODS
In this descriptive retrospective study, data were extracted from the database of the Bureau du coroner du Québec. Incidence rates were calculated using participation data from the Étude des blessures subies au cours de la pratique d'activités récréatives et sportives au Québec (ÉBARS) and Canadian census population data. Poisson regression was used to investigate changes in death rates over the 14-year period by estimating incidence rate ratios.
RESULTS
There were 1937 unintentional injury deaths and the population-based death rate was 1.72 per 100 000 person-years. The participation-based rate was 1.40 per 100 000 participant-years, considering the 24 matching activities in both ÉBARS' editions. Using both population-based and participation-based denominators, separate analyses consistently showed declining death rates in non-motorised navigation and cycling. Deaths related to all-terrain vehicles, snowmobiles, swimming, cycling, motorised navigation and non-motorised navigation activities accounted for 80.2% of all deaths. Drowning was documented as a cause of death in 39.3% of all fatalities. Males represented 86.8% of all deaths, with males aged 18-24 years and 65 and over having the highest rates.
CONCLUSION
The death rates of unintentional injury deaths associated with non-motorised navigation and cycling declined, from January 2006 to December 2019. The characteristics and mechanisms of drowning deaths and fatalities that occurred in activities associated with higher death frequencies and rates need to be further investigated.
PubMed: 38378256
DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045177 -
Nature Communications Feb 2024Predicting climate impacts is challenging and has to date relied on indirect methods, notably modeling. Here we examine coastal ecosystem change during 13 years of...
Predicting climate impacts is challenging and has to date relied on indirect methods, notably modeling. Here we examine coastal ecosystem change during 13 years of unusually rapid, albeit likely temporary, sea-level rise ( > 10 mm yr) in the Gulf of Mexico. Such rates, which may become a persistent feature in the future due to anthropogenic climate change, drove rising water levels of similar magnitude in Louisiana's coastal wetlands. Measurements of surface-elevation change at 253 monitoring sites show that 87% of these sites are unable to keep up with rising water levels. We find no evidence for enhanced wetland elevation gain through ecogeomorphic feedbacks, where more frequent inundation would lead to enhanced biomass accumulation that could counterbalance rising water levels. We attribute this to the exceptionally rapid sea-level rise during this time period. Under the current climate trajectory (SSP2-4.5), drowning of ~75% of Louisiana's coastal wetlands is a plausible outcome by 2070.
PubMed: 38360727
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45487-6 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Jul 2024Fluid-filled paranasal sinuses are suggested to be a valuable tool to distinguish between drowning and non-drowning postmortem, yet the mechanisms governing fluid entry...
Fluid-filled paranasal sinuses are suggested to be a valuable tool to distinguish between drowning and non-drowning postmortem, yet the mechanisms governing fluid entry remains unknown. We investigate if fluid-filled paranasal sinuses are caused by a passive influx from submersion or an active aspiration mechanism during drowning. The ovine nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses are remarkably similar anatomically to humans, and have been used for endoscopic surgical training in recent decades. We submerged 15 decapitated ovine heads from agricultural waste at a depth of 2 m in flowing water for 1, 8, and 24 h and 7 days. Paranasal sinuses were CT imaged and compared pre- and post-submersion to non-submerged controls. Furthermore, we examined the paranasal sinuses of a single homicide case of a non-drowned submerged subject. Results demonstrate that fluid passively enters the maxillary sinus postmortem in the non-drowned ovine heads following 1 h of submersion. Fluid volume was independent of submersion time and influenced by time out of water as well as handling, since volume was reduced between consecutive CT scans. In contrast to our hypothesis, the filling of the paranasal sinuses is due to passive influx of fluid from submersion rather than an active aspiration during drowning. The observation that paranasal sinuses were fluid-filled in a single medico-legal case of postmortem submersion supports the finding of passive influx. Consequently, careful interpretation of fluid-filled paranasal sinuses is required when bodies are found in water, as the finding cannot distinguish between postmortem submersion and drowning.
Topics: Animals; Drowning; Sheep; Paranasal Sinuses; Models, Animal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Immersion; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Postmortem Changes; Maxillary Sinus; Postmortem Imaging
PubMed: 38351206
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03173-8 -
PloS One 2024As a key component of rotating machinery power transmission system, rolling bearings in gas turbines are often required to serve in complex working conditions such as...
As a key component of rotating machinery power transmission system, rolling bearings in gas turbines are often required to serve in complex working conditions such as the high speed, the heavy load, the variable load, the variable rotational speed, and so on. The signals of bearing failures are easily drowned out by strong background noise and disturbances of related components. In the mechanical transmission system, the signals of bearing failures are easily submerged by the strong background noise and the disturbance of related components, especially for the composite bearing failures, which seriously hinders the effective identification of the vibration characteristics of the bearing operating state and increases the difficulty of fault diagnosis. In order to investigate the impact of interference on the bearing, through the establishment of rolling bearing composite fault vibration model, analyze the relationship between the vibration signals caused by different types of bearing failures and the corresponding vibration characteristics, to reveal the transmission system of the parts of the perturbation of the main multi-interference factors on the bearing fault signal influence law. The experimental verification shows that disturbance yp(t) caused by the sum of gear meshing frequency, and installation errors of the shaft, and coupling in the transmission system and background noise ni(t), which makes the fault frequency relatively weak and difficult to observe, and makes it difficult to accurately separate the fault information of the bearing. It provides a theoretical basis to solve the problem of damage identification and fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under multi-interference state.
Topics: Humans; Vibration; Drowning; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 38346051
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297935