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Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Feb 2018Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a syndrome characterized by the association of a vascular nevus with a congenital pigmented lesion (epidermal nevus, nevus...
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a syndrome characterized by the association of a vascular nevus with a congenital pigmented lesion (epidermal nevus, nevus spilus, and dermal melanocytosis). There are different types of PPV according to the pigmentary nevus associated with the vascular malformation. Patients may present only the cutaneous condition or have systemic manifestations, among them, trauma, neurological and ophthalmological disorders. We report the case of a 1-year-old girl who had congenital glaucoma. On examination, we identified facial paralysis, bilateral ocular melanosis, segmental capillary vascular malformation on the face as on left trunk and extremities, and aberrant Mongolian spots on the upper back, lumbosacral area and buttocks. Due to clinical manifestation, the diagnosis of PPV was made. The patient was evaluated by Neurology, Traumatology and keeps on with ophthalmological controls. Complementary studies are important, to rule out extracutaneous manifestations in PPV.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Phenotype
PubMed: 29333836
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.e121 -
PloS One 2017Our previous 2005-2009 molecular epidemiological study in Mongolia identified a hot spot of HIV-1 transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). To control the...
OBJECTIVE
Our previous 2005-2009 molecular epidemiological study in Mongolia identified a hot spot of HIV-1 transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM). To control the infection, we collaborated with NGOs to promote safer sex and HIV testing since mid-2010. In this study, we carried out the second molecular epidemiological survey between 2010 and 2016 to determine the status of HIV-1 infection in Mongolia.
METHODS
The study included 143 new cases of HIV-1 infection. Viral RNA was extracted from stocked plasma samples and sequenced for the pol and the env regions using the Sanger method. Near-full length sequencing using MiSeq was performed in 3 patients who were suspected to be infected with recombinant HIV-1. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method.
RESULTS
MSM was the main transmission route in the previous and current studies. However, heterosexual route showed a significant increase in recent years. Phylogenetic analysis documented three taxa; Mongolian B, Korean B, and CRF51_01B, though the former two were also observed in the previous study. CRF51_01B, which originated from Singapore and Malaysia, was confirmed by near-full length sequencing. Although these strains were mainly detected in MSM, they were also found in increasing numbers of heterosexual males and females. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis estimated transmission of CRF51_01B into Mongolia around early 2000s. An extended Bayesian skyline plot showed a rapid increase in the effective population size of Mongolian B cluster around 2004 and that of CRF51_01B cluster around 2011.
CONCLUSIONS
HIV-1 infection might expand to the general population in Mongolia. Our study documented a new cluster of HIV-1 transmission, enhancing our understanding of the epidemiological status of HIV-1 in Mongolia.
Topics: Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Molecular Epidemiology; Mongolia; Phylogeny
PubMed: 29244859
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189605 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2017Horses are critically important for Mongolian herders' livelihoods, providing transportation and food products, and playing important cultural roles. Equine influenza...
Horses are critically important for Mongolian herders' livelihoods, providing transportation and food products, and playing important cultural roles. Equine influenza virus (EIV) epizootics have been frequent among Mongolia's horses, with five occurring since 1970. We sought to estimate the prevalence for EIV infection among horses and Bactrian camels with influenza-like illness between national epizootics. In 2016-2017, active surveillance for EIV was periodically performed in four aimags (provinces). Nasal swabs were collected from 680 horses and 131 camels. Seven of the horse swabs were "positive" for qRT-PCR evidence of influenza A (Ct value ≤ 38). Two more were "suspect positive" (Ct value > 38 and ≤ 40). These nine specimens were collected from four aimags. None of the camel specimens had molecular evidence of infection. Despite serial blind passage in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells (MDCK) cells, none of the nine horse specimens yielded an influenza A virus. None of the 131 herder households surveyed had recently vaccinated their horses against EIV. It seems likely that sporadic EIV is enzootic in multiple Mongolian aimags. This finding, the infrequent use of EIV vaccination, periodic prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and the mixing of domestic and wild equid herds suggest that Mongolia may be a hot spot for novel EIV emergence.
PubMed: 29189713
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens6040061 -
Acta Dermato-venereologica Jan 2018
Topics: Asian People; Cafe-au-Lait Spots; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Japan; Male; Mongolian Spot; Neurofibromatosis 1; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation
PubMed: 28902947
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2796 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Aug 2017The nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a critical indicator for the prevention and control of plague, which can be used not only to detect the spatial and...
BACKGROUND
The nest flea index of Meriones unguiculatus is a critical indicator for the prevention and control of plague, which can be used not only to detect the spatial and temporal distributions of Meriones unguiculatus, but also to reveal its cluster rule. This research detected the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the plague natural foci of Mongolian gerbils by body flea index from 2005 to 2014, in order to predict plague outbreaks.
METHODS
Global spatial autocorrelation was used to describe the entire spatial distribution pattern of the body flea index in the natural plague foci of typical Chinese Mongolian gerbils. Cluster and outlier analysis and hot spot analysis were also used to detect the intensity of clusters based on geographic information system methods. The quantity of M. unguiculatus nest fleas in the sentinel surveillance sites from 2005 to 2014 and host density data of the study area from 2005 to 2010 used in this study were provided by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
RESULTS
The epidemic focus regions of the Mongolian gerbils remain the same as the hot spot regions relating to the body flea index. High clustering areas possess a similar pattern as the distribution pattern of the body flea index indicating that the transmission risk of plague is relatively high. In terms of time series, the area of the epidemic focus gradually increased from 2005 to 2007, declined rapidly in 2008 and 2009, and then decreased slowly and began trending towards stability from 2009 to 2014. For the spatial change, the epidemic focus regions began moving northward from the southwest epidemic focus of the Mongolian gerbils from 2005 to 2007, and then moved from north to south in 2007 and 2008.
CONCLUSIONS
The body flea index of Chinese gerbil foci reveals significant spatial and temporal aggregation characteristics through the employing of spatial autocorrelation. The diversity of temporary and spatial distribution is mainly affected by seasonal variation, the human activity and natural factors.
Topics: Animals; China; Flea Infestations; Geographic Information Systems; Gerbillinae; Plague; Prevalence; Rodent Diseases; Seasons; Sentinel Surveillance; Spatial Analysis
PubMed: 28780908
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0338-7 -
Indian Pediatrics Dec 2016
Topics: Back; Buttocks; Female; Gangliosidosis, GM1; Humans; Infant; Mongolian Spot
PubMed: 28064276
DOI: No ID Found -
Laser Therapy Jun 2016Recently novel picosecond duration lasers (ps-lasers) have been developed for the treatment of multicolored and recalcitrant tattoos, and safety and efficacy have been...
Recently novel picosecond duration lasers (ps-lasers) have been developed for the treatment of multicolored and recalcitrant tattoos, and safety and efficacy have been reported. We therefore hypothesized that the ps-laser could be an alternative treatment for dermal pigmented lesions and performed a retrospective review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ps-laser. A retrospective photographic review of 10 patients with dermal pigmented lesions was performed (ages from 4 months to 52 yr), 6 nevus of Ota, 3 ectopic Mongolian spots and 1 Mongolian spots. The patients were treated in the Ohshiro Clinic with picosecond 755 nm alexandrite laser (ps-Alex laser) and picosecond 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser (ps-Nd:YAG laser) from April 2014 to December 2015 (ps-Alex laser, 7 patients; ps-Nd:YAG laser, 3 patients, 1 to 3 treatment sessions). Improvement was evaluated as percentage of pigmentation clearance comparing the baseline findings with those at 3 months after the final treatment using a five category grading scale: Poor, 0-24%; Fair, 25-49%; Good, 50-74%; Excellent, 75-94%; and Complete, 95-100% improvement. Adverse events were also assessed. All ten patients obtained clinical improvement ranging from fair to excellent. Treatment with the ps-Alex laser caused transient hyperpigmentation followed by improvement to complete resolution at 3 months follow-up. The ps-Nd:YAG laser caused severe transient erythema and swelling but no post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Our results suggest that the 755 nm and 1064 nm ps-lasers are efficacious for the treatment of dermal pigment lesions, with minimum adverse events.
PubMed: 27721561
DOI: 10.5978/islsm.16-OR-07 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Apr 2016Common birthmarks can be an indicator of underlying genetic disease but are often overlooked. Mongolian blue spots (dermal melanocytosis) are usually localized and...
Common birthmarks can be an indicator of underlying genetic disease but are often overlooked. Mongolian blue spots (dermal melanocytosis) are usually localized and transient, but they can be extensive, permanent, and associated with extracutaneous abnormalities. Co-occurrence with vascular birthmarks defines a subtype of phakomatosis pigmentovascularis, a group of syndromes associated with neurovascular, ophthalmological, overgrowth, and malignant complications. Here, we discover that extensive dermal melanocytosis and phakomatosis pigmentovascularis are associated with activating mutations in GNA11 and GNAQ, genes that encode Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. The mutations were detected at very low levels in affected tissues but were undetectable in the blood, indicating that these conditions are postzygotic mosaic disorders. In vitro expression of mutant GNA11(R183C) and GNA11(Q209L) in human cell lines demonstrated activation of the downstream p38 MAPK signaling pathway and the p38, JNK, and ERK pathways, respectively. Transgenic mosaic zebrafish models expressing mutant GNA11(R183C) under promoter mitfa developed extensive dermal melanocytosis recapitulating the human phenotype. Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and extensive dermal melanocytosis are therefore diagnoses in the group of mosaic heterotrimeric G-protein disorders, joining McCune-Albright and Sturge-Weber syndromes. These findings will allow accurate clinical and molecular diagnosis of this subset of common birthmarks, thereby identifying infants at risk for serious complications, and provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Base Sequence; DNA Mutational Analysis; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Infant; Molecular Sequence Data; Mongolian Spot; Mutation; Mutation, Missense; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Phenotype; Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Skin Diseases; Zebrafish
PubMed: 26778290
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.027 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015Dermatologic conditions have different presentation and management in pediatric age group from that in adult; this to be studied separately for statistical and...
BACKGROUND
Dermatologic conditions have different presentation and management in pediatric age group from that in adult; this to be studied separately for statistical and population based analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To study the pattern of various dermatoses in infants and children in tertiary health care center in South Gujarat region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a prospective study; various dermatoses were studied in pediatric patients up to 14 years of age attending the Dermatology OPD of New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat over a period of 12 months from June 2009 to June 2010. All patients were divided into four different study groups: <1 month (neonates), 1 month to 1 year, >1 to 6 years and 7 to 14 years.
RESULTS
There were 596 boys and 425 girls in total 1021 study populations. Majority of the skin conditions in neonates were erythema toxicum neonatorum (12.97%), scabies (9.92%), mongolian spot (9.16%), and seborrheic dermatitis (7.63%). In > 1 month to 14 years age group of children among infectious disorder, children were found to be affected most by scabies (24.49%), impetigo (5.96%), pyoderma (5.62%), molluscum contagiosum (5.39%), tinea capitis (4.49%), leprosy (2.02%), and viral warts (1.35%) while among non-infectious disorders, they were affected by atopic dermatitis (4.27%), pityriasis alba (4.16%), seborrheic dermatitis (3.60%), pityriasis rosea (3.15%), others (3.01%), phrynoderma (2.70%), lichen planus (2.58%), contact dermatitis (1.57%) and ichthyosis (1.45%).
CONCLUSION
There is a need to emphasize on training the management of common pediatric dermatoses to dermatologists, general practitioners and pediatricians for early treatment.
PubMed: 26677296
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.169147 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2015Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare, congenital condition characterized by a combination of cutaneous melanocytic lesions and vascular malformation. We discuss an...
The case of a boy with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita: a unique instance of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis.
Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare, congenital condition characterized by a combination of cutaneous melanocytic lesions and vascular malformation. We discuss an entirely unique case of Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis with nevus of Ota, extensive Mongolian spot, nevus flammeus, nevus anemicus and cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, which may represent a heretofore undescribed variant of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis.
Topics: Humans; Livedo Reticularis; Male; Mongolian Spot; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Nevus of Ota; Port-Wine Stain; Skin Diseases, Vascular; Skin Neoplasms; Telangiectasis; Young Adult
PubMed: 26312661
DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153466