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Cureus Jul 2023In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin,...
In daily medical practice, there exist multidrug resistance bacteria that are not widely recognized. One example of that is the , a Gram-negative bacillus causing skin, urinary, and bloodstream infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. In recent years, multiple cases of difficult hospital management have been reported. Currently, there are no specific guidelines for the prevention and treatment of this infection. This case report presents a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus with a severe skin infection caused by this microorganism. This is the first case report in Peru of a severe skin infection related to bacteremia.
PubMed: 37539412
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41328 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble...
In this study, the quality (sensory evaluation, microbial enumerate, color, tvb-n (total volatile basic nitrogen), tca-soluble peptide (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide), muscle glucose, lactate, total sugar, Bas (Biogenic amines), VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the microbial dynamic structure in samples stored at 4 °C were evaluated, and the relationship between VOCs and the diversity structure of microorganisms was also discussed. It was determined by sensory evaluation that the shelf life of samples was around 8 days. Protein and sugar were detected in large quantities by microorganisms in the later stage. At the same time, this also caused a large amount of Bas (biogenic amines) (tyramine, cadaverine, and putrescine). According to high-throughput amplicon sequencing, the initial microbiota of samples was mainly composed of , , , , , , , and . Among them, was the most advantageous taxon of samples at the end of the shelf life. The minor fraction of the microbial consortium consisting of , and was detected. The substances 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone were the main volatile components. The glucose, lactic acid, and total sugar were negatively correlated with , , , and ; the proportion of these microorganisms was relatively high in the early stage. TVB-N and TCA-soluble peptides were positively correlated with , , , , and , and these microorganisms increased greatly in the later stage. The substance 3-methyl-1-butanol was positively correlated with and negatively correlated with . Ethyl acetate was associated with , and . Acetone was positively correlated with .
PubMed: 37444217
DOI: 10.3390/foods12132479 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Sep 2023Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence...
Biological organisms are exposed to low-dose arsenic or N-nitro compounds (NOCs) alone or in combination worldwide, especially in areas with high cancer prevalence through drinking water or food exposure; however, information on their combined exposure effects is limited. Here, we conducted an in-depth study of the effects on the gut microbiota, metabolomics, and signaling pathways using rat models exposed to arsenic or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), one of the most active carcinogenic NOCs, separately or in combination with metabolomics and high-throughput sequencing. Compared to exposure alone, combined exposure to arsenic and MNNG exacerbated damage to gastric tissue morphology, interfered with intestinal microflora and substance metabolism, and exerted a stronger carcinogenic effect. This may be related to intestinal microbiota disorders, including Dyella, Oscillibacter, Myroides, and metabolic pathways such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism, thereby enhancing the cancer-causing effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), P53, and Wnt signaling pathways.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; Stomach Neoplasms; Arsenic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metabolome
PubMed: 37418937
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115195 -
Current Microbiology Jul 2023The polymicrobial nature of diabetic foot infection (DFI) makes accurate identification of the DFI microbiota, including rapid detection of drug resistance, challenging....
The polymicrobial nature of diabetic foot infection (DFI) makes accurate identification of the DFI microbiota, including rapid detection of drug resistance, challenging. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to apply matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) technique accompanied by multiply culture conditions to determine the microbial patterns of DFIs, as well as to assess the occurrence of drug resistance among Gram-negative bacterial isolates considered a significant cause of the multidrug resistance spread. Furthermore, the results were compared with those obtained using molecular techniques (16S rDNA sequencing, multiplex PCR targeting drug resistance genes) and conventional antibiotic resistance detection methods (Etest strips). The applied MALDI-based method revealed that, by far, most of the infections were polymicrobial (97%) and involved many Gram-positive and -negative bacterial species-19 genera and 16 families in total, mostly Enterobacteriaceae (24.3%), Staphylococcaceae (20.7%), and Enterococcaceae (19.8%). MALDI drug-resistance assay was characterized by higher rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases producers compared to the reference methods (respectively 31% and 10% compared to 21% and 2%) and revealed that both the incidence of drug resistance and the species composition of DFI were dependent on the antibiotic therapy used. MALDI approach included antibiotic resistance assay and multiply culture conditions provides microbial identification at the level of DNA sequencing, allow isolation of both common (eg. Enterococcus faecalis) and rare (such as Myroides odoratimimus) bacterial species, and is effective in detecting antibiotic-resistance, especially those of particular interest-ESBLs and carbapenemases.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Enterobacteriaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37405539
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03384-z -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2023Myroides species have recently been reported more frequently in outbreaks in clinics and intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemic...
Myroides species have recently been reported more frequently in outbreaks in clinics and intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemic potential, antibiotic resistance profile, and risk factors of M. odoratimimus isolates that are increasingly being isolated from the ICUs of our hospital. Data from patients whose Myroides spp. were isolated from their clinical specimens over a 5-year period (September 2016 to January 2022) were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification was performed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Possible clonal associations between isolates were investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. As a result, 66 isolates were identified as M. odoratimimus and one isolate was identified as M. odoratus. The bla resistance gene was detected in all M. odoratimimus isolates, whereas sul2 was detected in ten isolates and tetX was detected in 11 isolates. No other resistance genes, such as bla, were detected. Additionally, two different clonal association patterns were discovered in the 24 selected isolates through the ERIC-PCR method. The increase in the immunosuppressive patient population indicate the possibility of encountering this agent and other opportunistic pathogens more frequently in the future.
Topics: Humans; Persistent Infection; Retrospective Studies; Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 37394461
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.005 -
Access Microbiology 2023Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have...
INTRODUCTION
Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have highlighted its intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, making it a particularly challenging infectious agent to combat.
METHODS
spp. isolated and reported in clinically significant urine samples were considered for the study. Identification of the organism was done via the VITEK 2C system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using both manual and automated methods following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Existing literature was searched on MEDLINE using PubMed.
RESULTS
We present a series of five catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to , with sensitivity to only minocycline. This is the first case from Western India, and the third case in the existing literature that shows sensitivity only to minocycline. Our literature review is the first to systematically describe contributory factors to infection, allowing us to devise a clinically relevant tool that delineates contributory factors and efficacious drugs in spp infection.
CONCLUSION
spp infections, previously considered rare and opportunistic, need cognizance and diagnostic suspicion especially in particular associated conditions.
PubMed: 37323940
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000549.v2 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2023Due to limited therapeutic options, there is a clinical need to assess the activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) to guide the...
Due to limited therapeutic options, there is a clinical need to assess the activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) to guide the therapeutic management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organism infections. We set out to develop a practical MIC-based broth disk elution (BDE) method to determine the activity of the combination ATM-CZA using readily available supplies and compare it to reference broth microdilution (BMD). For the BDE method, a 30-μg ATM disk, a 30/20-μg CZA disk, both disks in combination, and no disks were added to 4 separate 5-mL cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CA-MHB) tubes, using various manufacturers. Three testing sites performed both BDE and reference BMD testing of bacterial isolates in parallel from a single 0.5 McFarland standard inoculum and after overnight incubation, assessed them for growth (not susceptible) or no growth (susceptible) at a final concentration of 6/6/4 μg/mL ATM-CZA. During the first phase, the precision and accuracy of the BDE were analyzed by testing 61 isolates at all sites. This testing yielded 98.3% precision between sites, with 98.3% categorical agreement and 1.8% major errors (ME). During the second phase, at each site, we evaluated unique, clinical isolates of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing ( = 75), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( = 25), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( = 46), and sp. ( = 1). This testing resulted in 97.9% categorical agreement, with 2.4% ME. Different results were observed for different disk and CA-MHB manufacturers, requiring a supplemental ATM-CZA-not-susceptible quality control organism to ensure the accuracy of results. The BDE is a precise and effective methodology for determining susceptibility to the combination ATM-CZA.
Topics: Humans; Aztreonam; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ceftazidime; Drug Combinations; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 37070979
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01647-22 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2023Intracranial infections are the most serious and common postoperative complications with significant mortality and morbidity. , a Gram-negative environmental species and...
Intracranial infections are the most serious and common postoperative complications with significant mortality and morbidity. , a Gram-negative environmental species and an opportunistic microorganism, predominantly infects immunocompromised individuals. Limited clinical experiences and documented multidrug resistance have resulted in a scarcity of data on the treatment of infections. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of an intracranial infection with external ventricular drains (EVD) that was effectively treated with a combination of intravenous and intraventricular tigecycline in an immunocompetent adult host.
PubMed: 37034395
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S403088 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2023In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living...
In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living conditions occur in stagnant water. The present study aimed to identify bacteria that cause foodborne diseases or are associated with human diseases. For molecular identification, based on the sequential analysis by 16S rRNA or rpoD was conducted on all isolates obtained from bullfrog. A total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained from bullfrogs; 14 genera and 23 species were identified, including Acinetobacter johnsonii 16.5%; Aeromonas media 14.3%; Aeromonas veronii 13.2%; Providencia rettgeri 7.7%; Citrobacter freundii 6.6%; Aeromonas caviae 4.4%; Aeromonas hydrophila and Elizabethkingia ursingii 3.3%; Pseudomonas stutzeri, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Shewanella putrefaciens 2.2%; Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii, Citrobacter portucalensis, Citrobacter werkmanii, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Kluyvera intermedia, Kocuria rosea, Myroides odoratimimus, Myroides odoratus, Proteus sp., and Proteus hauseri 1.1%. In this study, 49.4% of the isolates obtained cause foodborne disease, 19.8% are bacteria that play an important role in the spoilage of food, 5.5% of isolates have nosocomial significance, 13.2% of bacteria are considered to be pollutants of the ecosystem, and in the case of A. salmonicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum (12.1%) to have a negative impact on aquaculture. Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii and Citrobacter portucalensis have not been reported to cause disease. Lastly of these isolates, 97.8% (89/91) can cause disease by food consumption or by direct contact for immunocompromised persons. The presence of these bacteria in bullfrogs represents a significant problem for human health. There is evidence that these microorganisms are pathogenic and frogs may also be reservoirs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rana catesbeiana; Ecosystem; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 36948016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100067 -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Mar 2023The present study was aimed to obtain a close insight into the distribution and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs)...
The present study was aimed to obtain a close insight into the distribution and diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) among the aquatic products collected in Zhejiang, China. A total of 136 presumptive ARB picked up from six aquatic samples were classified into 22 genera and 49 species based on the 16S rDNA sequencing. spp., spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp. accounted for 80% of the ARB. Among them, 109 isolates (80.15%) exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic. Most isolates showed resistance to not only the originally selected drug but also to one to three other tested drugs. The diversity of ARB distributed in different aquatic products was significant. Furthermore, the resistance data obtained from genotypic tests were not entirely consistent with the results of the phenotypic evaluation. The genes S, A, R, and A were frequently detected in their corresponding phenotypic resistant isolates. In contrast, the genes 2, (6')-Ib, and were less frequently found in the corresponding phenotypically resistant strains. The high diversity and detection rate of ARB and ARGs in aquaculture might be a significant threat to the food chains closely related to human health.
Topics: Humans; Genes, Bacterial; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Aeromonas; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36929890
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-010