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Science Advances Mar 2021High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a characteristic environmental factor of the deep ocean. However, it remains unclear how piezotolerant bacteria adapt to HHP. Here, we...
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a characteristic environmental factor of the deep ocean. However, it remains unclear how piezotolerant bacteria adapt to HHP. Here, we identify a two-step metabolic pathway to cope with HHP stress in a piezotolerant bacterium. D25, obtained from a deep-sea sediment, can take up trimethylamine (TMA) through a previously unidentified TMA transporter, TmaT, and oxidize intracellular TMA into trimethylamine -oxide (TMAO) by a TMA monooxygenase, Tmm. The produced TMAO is accumulated in the cell, functioning as a piezolyte, improving both growth and survival at HHP. The function of the TmaT-Tmm pathway was further confirmed by introducing it into and Encoded TmaT-like and Tmm-like sequences extensively exist in marine metagenomes, and other marine Bacteroidetes bacteria containing genes encoding TmaT-like and Tmm-like proteins also have improved HHP tolerance in the presence of TMA, implying the universality of this HHP tolerance strategy in marine Bacteroidetes.
Topics: Bacteria; Hydrostatic Pressure; Methylamines
PubMed: 33771875
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9941 -
Cureus Dec 2020Myroides species, an uncommon clinical isolate, generally found in contaminated sources of environment, is an emerging source of infections, especially amongst...
Myroides species, an uncommon clinical isolate, generally found in contaminated sources of environment, is an emerging source of infections, especially amongst immunocompromised patients. Though only 54 cases have been reported to our knowledge, the emergence of pan-resistance to antibiotics remains a concern that may burden healthcare and require awareness. We present the case of an elderly female who despite being home-bound, without any environmental exposure, contracted Myroides septicemia that progressed to septic shock and showed resistance to usual empiric antibiotics. In our case, the patient was exposed to contaminated soil via her family and was successfully treated with carbapenem. The case provides awareness amongst clinicians to suspect this emerging yet threatening infection within immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 33500858
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12235 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2020Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a...
Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. Outbreaks due to Myroides spp. have rarely been described in the literature to date. We report a healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections (UTIs), caused by Myroides odoratimimus, in a Turkish hospital. As of March 2019 until May 2019, 6 strains of M. odoratimimus were isolated from the urine samples of patients, all of whom were hospitalized in intensive care units. After identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA-based sequencing methods were performed for confirmation and species-level identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed in order to investigate the clonal relatedness of the isolates. All the patients were immunocompromised and underwent urinary catheterization. None of the patients had urinary neoplasm, surgery, or calculi. VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS systems revealed that the isolates belonged to the Myroides genus; however, the aforementioned systems neglected to identify the isolates at the species level. The isolates were all successfully identified as M. odoratimimus through 16S rRNA-based sequencing. The isolates were resistant to every antibiotic tested. All isolates had an indistinguishable PFGE pattern, thus indicating cross-transmission between cases. Although M. odoratimimus is rarely isolated from human specimens, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTIs and infectious outbreaks.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Female; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Turkey; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33208588
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2019.536 -
Theriogenology Dec 2020Although the effects of sperm microbiota and sperm quality have been described previously, recent studies provide evidence that female genital modifications triggered by...
Although the effects of sperm microbiota and sperm quality have been described previously, recent studies provide evidence that female genital modifications triggered by seminal components could be of significant importance to identify some disturbances associated with fertility. So, sperm microbiota could play a key role in sperm quality, contributing to fertilisation. To understand how sperm microbiota diversity is influenced by the host genetics, the symbiotic bacteria in four inbred lines raised in the same animal facility and their effects on sperm quality and fertility were analysed. Forty healthy rabbits from four selected Spanish commercial lines were used in this research (three based on litter performance, designated A, V and LP, and one selected for daily body weight gain, called R). Significant variations in the seminal concentration, morphology and some motion parameters were found among inbred lines, but sperm motility and viability were similar among inbred lines. After mating, inbred lines selected for litter size had the same fertility rate, significantly higher than inbred line selected for body weight (82 ± 3.3%, 79 ± 3.5% and 89 ± 4.5% versus 61 ± 3.7%, for the A, V and LP vs R lines, respectively, p < 0.05). Bacteria belonging to Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes were identified in sperm microbiota. At genus level, the bacterial community composition in the sperm microbiota was influenced by host genetics. A total of 35, 16, 34, and 51 genera were accurately detected in the A, V, LP, and R lines, respectively. Moreover, Enhydrobacter, Ferruginibacter, Myroides Paracoccus, Rheinheimera, Tepidiphilus, Tetradesmus obliquus and Thauera genera were present only in the inbred lines selected for litter size. Moreover, the discriminant analysis revealed Lysinibacillus and Flavobacterium genera as potential biomarkers for fertility. Thus, these two genera may play a key role in fertility. Our results demonstrated the existence of a rabbit inbred line-specific variation in bacterial occurrence in sperm microbiota. Moreover, fertility differentials among inbred lines that were not predicted by routine semen analysis could be partly explained by the symbiotic state of the semen microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fertility; Male; Microbiota; Rabbits; Semen; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 33039925
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.028 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2020Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of...
PURPOSE
Catheter-related infection (CRI) is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalizations for immunocompromised patients. A major challenge is the increased prevalence of . The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical features and molecular characteristics of collected from a general hospital in Shanghai, China.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
From July 2015 to August 2016, a total of 22 isolates of were collected from inpatients respectively from the biliary and pancreatic surgery (6/22) and the urology department (16/22). Clonal relatedness among the isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, the antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was screened using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Additionally, protein structure prediction was analyzed using PSIPRED and RaptorX.
RESULTS
PFGE differentiated these isolates into six possibly related clones from two different departments obtained during a distinct period, indicating clonal dissemination in the two departments. We compared the dendrograms of isolates obtained by MALDI-TOF MS with those obtained by PFGE and found that the coincidence rate between them was only 68.2%. All the isolates were highly resistant to most available antibiotics, including carbapenems. Furthermore, chromosome-encoded β-lactamases MUS-1 was confirmed by PCR in 6 of 22 isolates. Herein, we also reported a novel variant of in the remaining 16 isolates, which encodes MUS-3 protein at position 60 (Valine to Alanine), differing from the structure of MUS-1.
CONCLUSION
The opportunistic and extensively antibiotic-resistant has a small range of epidemics in these two different departments. Clinicians should be aware that may induce a severe nosocomial outbreak of catheter-related infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
PubMed: 32612373
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S251626 -
Microorganisms Jun 2020The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present...
The potential utilization of black soldier fly () as food or feed is interesting due to the nutritive value and the sustainability of the rearing process. In the present study, larvae and prepupae of were reared at 20, 27, and 33 °C, to determine whether temperature affects the whole insect microbiota, described using microbiological risk assessment techniques and 16S rRNA gene survey. The larvae efficiently grew across the tested temperatures. Higher temperatures promoted faster larval development and greater final biomass but also higher mortality. Viable Enterobacteriaceae, , , , coagulase-positive staphylococci, , and were detected in prepupae. and counts got higher with the increasing temperature. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, the microbiota of larvae was dominated by (>60%) and other (mainly ) and evolved to a more complex composition in prepupae, with a bloom of , , and , while was still present as the main component. Prepupae largely shared the microbiota with the frass where it was reared, except for few lowly represented taxa. The rearing temperature was negatively associated with the amount of , and positively associated with a variety of other genera, such as , , , , , , , , and . With respect to the microbiological risk assessment, attention should be paid to abundant genera, such as , , , , and , which encompass species described as opportunistic pathogens, bearing drug resistances or causing severe morbidity.
PubMed: 32549385
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060902 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2020Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. There were only a few outbreaks due to Myroides spp. described in the literature to date. We report a...
Myroides spp. are low-grade opportunistic pathogens. There were only a few outbreaks due to Myroides spp. described in the literature to date. We report a healthcare-associated outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by Myroides odoratimimus in a Turkish hospital. From March to May 2019, six strains of M. odoratimimus were isolated from the urine samples of patients hospitalized in the intensive care units (ICUs). After identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing with VITEK 2 system, MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA based sequencing methods were performed for confirmation and species level identification. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate clonal relatedness of the isolates. All the patients were immunocompromised and underwent urinary catheterization. None of them had urinary neoplasm, surgery or calculi. VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF-MS systems revealed that the isolates belong to the Myroides genus but lacked to identify the isolates at the species level. 16S rRNA based sequencing successfully identified all the isolates as M. odoratimimus. The isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested. All isolates had indistinguishable PFGE pattern indicating cross-transmission between cases. Although M. odoratimimus is rarely isolated from human specimens, clinicians should be aware of its ability to cause UTIs and outbreaks.
PubMed: 32475882
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJJID.2019.536 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Because of the nutritional ecology of dung- and carrion-feeding, bacteria are the integral part of life cycle. Nevertheless, the disinfected larvae of the blowfly are...
Because of the nutritional ecology of dung- and carrion-feeding, bacteria are the integral part of life cycle. Nevertheless, the disinfected larvae of the blowfly are applied to treat human chronic wounds in a biosurgery named maggot debridement therapy (MDT). To realize the effects of location/diet on the gut bacteria, to infer the role of bacteria in the blowfly ecology plus in the MDT process, and to disclose bacteria circulating horizontally in and vertically between generations, bacterial communities associated with specimens from various sources were investigated using culture-based and culture-independent methods. In total, 265 bacteria, including 20 families, 28 genera, and 40 species, were identified in many sources of the . Culture-dependent method identified a number of 144 bacterial isolates, including 21 species, in flies reared in an insectary; specimens were collected from the field, and third-instar larvae retrieved from chronic wounds of patients. Metagenetic approach exposed the occurrences of 121 operational taxonomic units comprising of 32 bacterial species from immature and adult stages of . Gammaproteobacteria was distinguished as the dominant class of bacteria by both methods. Bacteria came into the life cycle of over the foods and transovarially infected eggs. , , species, , and were exchanged among individuals via transstadial transmission. Factors, including diets, feeding status, identification tool, gut compartment, and life stage, governed the bacteria species. Herein, we reemphasized that is thoroughly connected to the bacteria both in numerous gut compartments and in different life stages. Among all, transstadially transmitted bacteria are underlined, indicating the lack of antagonistic effect of the larval excretions/secretions on these resident bacteria. While the culture-dependent method generated useful data on the viable aerobic gut bacteria, metagenomic method enabled us to identify bacteria directly from the tissues without any need for cultivation and to facilitate the identification of anaerobic and unculturable bacteria. These findings are planned to pave the way for further research to determine the role of each bacterial species/strain in the insect ecology, as well as in antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities.
PubMed: 32322242
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00505 -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Feb 2020The progression of hyperuricemia disease is often accompanied by damage to renal function. However, there are few studies on hyperuricemia nephropathy, especially its...
The progression of hyperuricemia disease is often accompanied by damage to renal function. However, there are few studies on hyperuricemia nephropathy, especially its association with intestinal flora. This study combines metabolomics and gut microbiota diversity analysis to explore metabolic changes using a rat model as well as the changes in intestinal flora composition. The results showed that amino acid metabolism was disturbed with serine, glutamate and glutamine being downregulated whilst glycine, hydroxyproline and alanine being upregulated. The combined glycine, serine and glutamate could predict hyperuricemia nephropathy with an area under the curve of 1.00. Imbalanced intestinal flora was also observed. , , , , and other conditional pathogens increased significantly in the model group, while and , the short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, declined greatly. At phylum, family and genus levels, disordered nitrogen circulation in gut microbiota was detected. In the model group, the uric acid decomposition pathway was enhanced with reinforced urea liver-intestine circulation. The results implied that the intestinal flora play a vital role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia nephropathy. Hence, modulation of gut microbiota or targeting at metabolic enzymes, , urease, could assist the treatment and prevention of this disease.
PubMed: 32082971
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.007 -
IDCases 2020We report the first case of isolated from blood, causing bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient using the automated MicroScan Walk Away 96 system, followed by...
We report the first case of isolated from blood, causing bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient using the automated MicroScan Walk Away 96 system, followed by bacterial identification by amplification-sequencing of the 16S rDNA. The sequences obtained were compared with the reference sequence of the BLAST ® platform - National Library of Medicine, USA, and the isolation was identified as strain with 99.67 % identity in Blast report. In the literature we did not find previous reported cases of infections by this bacterium, however its pathogenic role is still controversial; therefore, this isolation alerts us to carry out an exhaustive surveillance of other possible acquisition routes.
PubMed: 32021799
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00695