-
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2024Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces and Guanxi autonomous region of China. However, trees growing in these...
BACKGROUND
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Fujian provinces and Guanxi autonomous region of China. However, trees growing in these areas suffer severe cold stress during winter, which affects the yield. To this regard, data on global metabolome and transcriptome profiles of leaves are limited. Here, we used combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses of leaves of three mango cultivars with different cold stress tolerance, i.e. Jinhuang (J)-tolerant, Tainung (T) and Guiremang No. 82 (G)-susceptible, after 24 (LF), 48 (MF) and 72 (HF) hours of cold.
RESULTS
A total of 1,323 metabolites belonging to 12 compound classes were detected. Of these, amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and lipids accumulated in higher quantities after cold stress exposure in the three cultivars. Notably, Jinhuang leaves showed increasing accumulation trends of flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans and coumarins, and alkaloids with exposure time. Among the phytohormones, jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels decreased, while N6-isopentenyladenine increased with cold stress time. Transcriptome analysis led to the identification of 22,526 differentially expressed genes. Many genes enriched in photosynthesis, antenna proteins, flavonoid, terpenoid (di- and sesquiterpenoids) and alkaloid biosynthesis pathways were upregulated in Jihuang leaves. Moreover, expression changes related to phytohormones, MAPK (including calcium and HO), and the ICE-CBF-COR signalling cascade indicate involvement of these pathways in cold stress responses.
CONCLUSION
Cold stress tolerance in mango leaves is associated with regulation of primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins are potential regulators of cold stress responses in mango leaves.
Topics: Transcriptome; Cold-Shock Response; Mangifera; Plant Growth Regulators; Abscisic Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; China; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38600447
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04983-z -
Oncogene May 20245-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), a fatty acid oxygenase, is the central enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, potent arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators released by innate... (Review)
Review
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), a fatty acid oxygenase, is the central enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, potent arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators released by innate immune cells, that control inflammatory and allergic responses. In addition, through interaction with 12- and 15-lipoxgenases, the enzyme is involved in the formation of omega-3 fatty acid-based oxylipins, which are thought to be involved in the resolution of inflammation. The expression of 5-LO is frequently deregulated in solid and liquid tumors, and there is strong evidence that the enzyme plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, global inhibition of LT formation and signaling has not yet shown the desired success in clinical trials. Curiously, the release of 5-LO-derived lipid mediators from tumor cells is often low, and the exact mechanism by which 5-LO influences tumor cell function is poorly understood. Recent data now show that in addition to releasing oxylipins, 5-LO can also influence gene expression in a lipid mediator-independent manner. These non-canonical functions, including modulation of miRNA processing and transcription factor shuttling, most likely influence cancer cell function and the tumor microenvironment and might explain the low clinical efficacy of pharmacological strategies that previously only targeted oxylipin formation and signaling by 5-LO. This review summarizes the canonical and non-canonical functions of 5-LO with a particular focus on tumorigenesis, highlights unresolved issues, and suggests future research directions.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Carcinogenesis; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Leukotrienes; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 38575760
DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03016-1 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials May 2024Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) are cell wall-modifying enzymes important in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of XTH in cadmium (Cd)...
Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) are cell wall-modifying enzymes important in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of XTH in cadmium (Cd) tolerance in ramie remains largely unknown. Here, we identified and cloned BnXTH1, a member of the XTH family, in response to Cd stress in ramie. The BnXTH1 promoter (BnXTH1p) demonstrated that MeJA induces the response of BnXTH1p to Cd stress. Moreover, overexpressing BnXTH1 in Boehmeria nivea increased Cd tolerance by significantly increasing the Cd content in the cell wall and decreasing Cd inside ramie cells. Cadmium stress induced BnXTH1-expression and consequently increased xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity, leading to high xyloglucan contents and increased hemicellulose contents in ramie. The elevated hemicellulose content increased Cd chelation onto the cell walls and reduced the level of intracellular Cd. Interestingly, overexpressing BnXTH1 significantly increased the content of Cd in vacuoles of ramie and vacuolar compartmentalization genes. Altogether, these results evidence that Cd stress induced MeJA accumulation in ramie, thus, activating BnXTH1 expression and increasing the content of xyloglucan to enhance the hemicellulose binding capacity and increase Cd chelation onto cell walls. BnXTH1 also enhances the vacuolar Cd compartmentalization and reduces the level of Cd entering the organelles and soluble solution.
Topics: Cadmium; Cell Wall; Boehmeria; Vacuoles; Glycosyltransferases; Plant Proteins; Polysaccharides; Oxylipins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glucans; Xylans; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 38569340
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134172 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2024Mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in human health. The homeostasis of the gut microbiota could be affected by many factors, including...
Mounting evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a key role in human health. The homeostasis of the gut microbiota could be affected by many factors, including environmental chemicals. Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide used to control a variety of insects and nematode pests in agriculture. Aldicarb is highly toxic and its wide existence has become a global public health concern. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that aldicarb disturbed the gut microbial community structure and composition. However, the impacts of aldicarb on gut microbiota-derived metabolites, bile acids, remain elusive. In present study, we performed targeted metabolomics analysis to explore the effects of aldicarb exposure on bile acids, as well as steroid hormones and oxylipins in the serum, feces and liver of C57BL/6 J mice. Our results showed that aldicarb exposure disturbed the level of various bile acids, steroid hormones and oxylipins in the serum and feces of C57BL/6 J mice. In the liver, the level of cortisol was decreased, meanwhile 15,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid was increased in aldicarb-treated mice. Metagenomic sequencing analysis showed that the relative abundance of a bile salt hydrolase, choloylglycine hydrolase (EC:3.5.1.24) and a sulfatase enzyme involved in steroid hormone metabolism, arylsulfatase, was significantly increased by aldicarb exposure. Furthermore, correlations were found between gut microbiota and various serum metabolites. The results from this study are helpful to improve the understanding of the impact of carbamate insecticides on host and microbial metabolism.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Aldicarb; Bile Acids and Salts; Oxylipins; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Insecticides; Hormones; Homeostasis
PubMed: 38564866
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116285 -
Biomolecules Mar 2024: to determine the metabolomics profiles in the plasma samples of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. : The plasma samples from 20 POAG patients under...
: to determine the metabolomics profiles in the plasma samples of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. : The plasma samples from 20 POAG patients under intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication treatment and 20 control subjects were subjected to the untargeted metabolomics analysis, among which 10 POAG patients and 10 control subjects were further subjected to the oxylipin-targeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The prediction accuracy of the differentially abundant metabolites was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curves. Pathway analysis and correlation analysis on the differentially abundant metabolites and clinical and biochemical parameters were also conducted. : Untargeted metabolomics profiling identified 33 differentially abundant metabolites in the POAG patients, in which the metabolism of linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, phenylalanine, and tricarboxylic acid cycle were enriched. The correlation analysis indicated that the differentially abundant metabolites were associated with central corneal thickness, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, visual field defects, and lymphocytes. The oxylipin-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 15-keto-Prostaglandin F2 alpha, 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2, 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, 8,9-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, and arachidonic acid to be significantly decreased in the POAG patients and enriched in the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. : This study revealed that the metabolites in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway are differentially abundant, suggesting high IOP may not be the only detrimental factor for optic nerve cell damage in this group of POAG patients. Lipid metabolism instability-mediated alterations in oxylipins and AA pathways may be important in POAG, suggesting that oxidative stress and immune-related inflammation could be valuable directions for future therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Humans; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Oxylipins; Arachidonic Acid; Retina; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 38540727
DOI: 10.3390/biom14030307 -
Biomolecules Feb 2024Lipoxygenases make several biological functions in cells, based on the products of the catalyzed reactions. In diatoms, microalgae ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems,...
Lipoxygenases make several biological functions in cells, based on the products of the catalyzed reactions. In diatoms, microalgae ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystems, lipoxygenases have been noted for the oxygenation of fatty acids with the production of oxylipins, which are involved in many physiological and pathological processes in marine organisms. The interest in diatoms' lipoxygenases and oxylipins has increased due to their possible biotechnological applications, ranging from ecology to medicine. We investigated using bioinformatics and molecular docking tools the lipoxygenases of diatoms and the possible interaction with substrates. A large-scale analysis of sequence resources allowed us to retrieve 45 sequences of lipoxygenases from diatoms. We compared and analyzed the sequences by multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees, suggesting the possible clustering in phylogenetic groups. Then, we modelled the 3D structure of representative enzymes from the different groups and investigated in detail the structural and functional properties by docking simulations with possible substrates. The results allowed us to propose a classification of the lipoxygenases from diatoms based on their sequence features, which may be reflected in specific structural differences and possible substrate specificity.
Topics: Lipoxygenases; Diatoms; Oxylipins; Phylogeny; Molecular Docking Simulation; Ecosystem; Computational Biology
PubMed: 38540697
DOI: 10.3390/biom14030276 -
Genes Mar 2024Many monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) produced in have demonstrated biological activities and clinical potential. However, their complex biosynthesis pathway in...
Many monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) produced in have demonstrated biological activities and clinical potential. However, their complex biosynthesis pathway in plants leads to low accumulation, limiting therapeutic applications. Efforts to elucidate the MIA biosynthetic regulatory mechanism have focused on improving accumulation levels. Previous studies revealed that jasmonic acid (JA), an important plant hormone, effectively promotes MIA accumulation by inducing the expression of MIA biosynthesis and transport genes. Nevertheless, excessive JA signaling can strongly inhibit plant growth, decreasing MIA productivity in . Therefore, identifying key components balancing growth and MIA production in the JA signaling pathway is imperative for effective pharmaceutical production. Here, we identify a homolog of the jasmonate transporter 1, CrJAT1, through co-expression and phylogenetic analyses. Further investigation demonstrated that CrJAT1 can activate JA signaling to promote MIA accumulation without compromising growth. The potential role of CrJAT1 in redistributing intra/inter-cellular JA and JA-Ile may calibrate signaling to avoid inhibition, representing a promising molecular breeding target in to optimize the balance between growth and specialized metabolism for improved MIA production.
Topics: Monoterpenes; Catharanthus; Phylogeny; Plant Breeding; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Signal Transduction; Cyclopentanes; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38540383
DOI: 10.3390/genes15030324 -
Marine Drugs Feb 2024Floridoside is a galactosyl-glycerol compound that acts to supply UDP-galactose and functions as an organic osmolyte in response to salinity in Rhodophyta....
Floridoside is a galactosyl-glycerol compound that acts to supply UDP-galactose and functions as an organic osmolyte in response to salinity in Rhodophyta. Significantly, the UDP-galactose pool is shared for sulfated cell wall galactan synthesis, and, in turn, affected by thallus development alongside carposporogenesis induced by volatile growth regulators, such as ethylene and methyl jasmonate, in the red seaweed . In this study, we monitored changes in the floridoside reservoir through gene expression controlling both the galactose pool and glyceride pool under different reproductive stages of and we considered changing salinity conditions. Floridoside synthesis was followed by expression analysis of () as UDP-galactose is obtained from UDP-glucose and glucose-1P, and through gene expression as degradation of floridoside occurs through the cleavage of galactosyl residues. Meanwhile, glycerol 3-phosphate is connected with the galactoglyceride biosynthetic pathway by glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD), monogalactosyl diacylglyceride synthase (MGDGS), and digalactosyl diacylglyceride synthase (DGDGS). The results of our study confirm that low transcripts are correlated with thalli softness to locate reproductive structures, as well as constricting the synthesis of UDP-hexoses for galactan backbone synthesis in the presence of two volatile regulators and methionine. Meanwhile, modulates expression according to cystocarp maturation, and we found high transcripts in late development stages, as occurred in the presence of methyljasmonate, compared to early stages in ethylene. Regarding the acylglyceride pool, the upregulation of , , and gene expression in treated with MEJA supports lipid remodeling, as high levels of transcripts for and provide membrane stability during late development stages of cystocarps. Similar behavior is assumed in three naturally collected thalli development stages-namely, fertile, fertilized, and fertile-under 65 psu salinity conditions. Low transcripts for and high for are reported in infertile and fertilized thalli, which is the opposite to high transcripts for and low for encountered in fertile thalli within visible cystocarps compared to each of their corresponding stages in 35 psu. No significant changes are reported for and . It is concluded that cystocarp and thallus development stages affect galactose and glycerides pools with interwoven effects on cell wall polysaccharides.
Topics: Seaweed; Glycerol; Galactose; alpha-Galactosidase; Rhodophyta; Galactans; Glucose; Uridine Diphosphate; Cyclopentanes; Glycerophosphates; Oxylipins
PubMed: 38535456
DOI: 10.3390/md22030115 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2024Rapid metabolic responses to pathogens are essential for plant survival and depend on numerous transcription factors. Mediator is the major transcriptional co-regulator...
Rapid metabolic responses to pathogens are essential for plant survival and depend on numerous transcription factors. Mediator is the major transcriptional co-regulator for integration and transmission of signals from transcriptional regulators to RNA polymerase II. Using four Arabidopsis Mediator mutants, med16, med18, med25 and cdk8, we studied how differences in regulation of their transcript and metabolite levels correlate to their responses to Pseudomonas syringae infection. We found that med16 and cdk8 were susceptible, while med25 showed increased resistance. Glucosinolate, phytoalexin and carbohydrate levels were reduced already before infection in med16 and cdk8, but increased in med25, which also displayed increased benzenoids levels. Early after infection, wild type plants showed reduced glucosinolate and nucleoside levels, but increases in amino acids, benzenoids, oxylipins and the phytoalexin camalexin. The Mediator mutants showed altered levels of these metabolites and in regulation of genes encoding key enzymes for their metabolism. At later stage, mutants displayed defective levels of specific amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids and jasmonates which correlated to their infection response phenotypes. Our results reveal that MED16, MED25 and CDK8 are required for a proper, coordinated transcriptional response of genes which encode enzymes involved in important metabolic pathways for Arabidopsis responses to Pseudomonas syringae infections.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Pseudomonas syringae; Phytoalexins; Glucosinolates; Plants; Amino Acids; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Diseases; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8
PubMed: 38514763
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57192-x -
Plant Physiology Jun 2024
Topics: Oxylipins; Cyclopentanes; Nicotiana; Plant Leaves; Plant Senescence; Plant Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38513694
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae179