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Phomoxanthone A, Compound of Endophytic Fungi sp. and Its Potential Antimicrobial and Antiparasitic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022The present work reports the isolation and biological evaluation of three dimeric xanthones from sp. EJC01.1 isolated as endophytic from , a typical plant of the...
The present work reports the isolation and biological evaluation of three dimeric xanthones from sp. EJC01.1 isolated as endophytic from , a typical plant of the Amazon. The compounds phomoxanthone A (), phomoxanthone B () and dicerandrol B () were isolated by chromatographic procedures and identified by spectroscopic methods of 1D and 2D NMR and MS. The extracts and compound showed antimicrobial activities against , , , and . The compound phomoxanthone A () showed greater inhibitory activity against (MIC of 7.81 µg mL); in addition, it also pronounced inhibitory effect against promastigote forms of (IC of 16.38 ± 1.079 µg mL) and epimastigote forms (IC of 28.61 ± 1.071 µg mL). To provide more information about the antibacterial activity of compound 1, an unprecedented molecular docking study was performed using S-ribosyl-homocysteine lyase (LuxS) (PDB ID 2FQO), which showed a possible interaction of phomoxanthone A with two of the residues (His58 and Cys126) that are fundamental for the catalysis mechanism in , which may be associated with the higher activity, when compared to other bacteria, observed in experimental studies. Additionally, quantum studies (DFT) were performed, for which a low gap value (5.982 eV) was observed, which corroborates the reactivity of phomoxanthone A. Thus, phomoxanthone A can be a good agent against pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: 36289990
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101332 -
Journal of Food Science and Technology Dec 2022Canastra's Minas artisanal cheese [QMA (Minas artisanal cheese)] is a protected geographical indication traditional food. The influence of fungi on the cheese ripening...
Canastra's Minas artisanal cheese [QMA (Minas artisanal cheese)] is a protected geographical indication traditional food. The influence of fungi on the cheese ripening process is of great importance. This study aimed to apply culture-dependent and -independent methods to determine the mycobiota of QMA produced in the Canastra region, as well as to determine its physicochemical characteristics. Illumina-based amplicon sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were the culture-independent methods used. The physicochemical analysis results showed that the QMA has a moisture content ranging 18.4-28.2%, fat content ranging 20.5-40%, sodium chloride percentage of approximately 0.9%, and pH ranging 5.2-5.5. The population of fungi ranged between 6.3 and 8 log colony-forming unit/g. spp., , spp., , , spp., , , spp., spp. and spp. were the most prevalent fungi. The methods used to evaluate the mycobiota provide a better understanding of which species are present in the final product and eventually contribute to the characteristics of QMA. and . were identified as promising species for future studies on product quality.
PubMed: 36276518
DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05548-4 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2022To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
AIM
To study the clinical features, microbial spectrum, associated factors and prognosis of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in a group of Chinese patients.
METHODS
The medical records from 32 eyes of 29 patients diagnosed with EE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2009 to October 2019 were reviewed.
RESULTS
The initial visual acuity (VA) of 30 eyes in this study was worse than 20/400. Twenty-three eyes were diagnosed with fungal endophthalmitis and nine with bacterial endophthalmitis. The most common fungal and bacterial isolates were and , respectively. Several rare fungi and bacteria species were also isolated from our patients, including , , , and . The leading risk factor for EE was diabetes. The most common extraocular infection locus was genitourinary tract. Vitrectomy was performed on twenty-nine eyes. Eight eyes achieved final VA of 20/400 or better. EE caused by had a better prognosis.
CONCLUSION
The visual outcome of EE is based on pathogens and prompt intervention. Early vitrectomy and antimicrobial treatment are beneficial for EE.
PubMed: 36262866
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.10.17 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but...
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a promising substrate that can be valorized by biotechnological processes, such as for short-chain organic acid (SCOA) production, but their complex structure implies the application of a pretreatment step to increase their biodegradability. Physicochemical pretreatments are widely studied but have multiple drawbacks. An alternative is the application of biological pretreatments that include using fungi and that naturally can degrade complex substrates such as SCGs. This study intended to compare acidic and basic hydrolysis and supercritical CO extraction with the application of these fungi. The highest concentration of SCOAs, 2.52 gCOD/L, was achieved after the acidification of SCGs pretreated with acid hydrolysis, but a very similar result, 2.44 gCOD/L, was obtained after submerged fermentation of SCGs by . This pretreatment also resulted in the best acidification degree, 48%, a very promising result compared to the 13% obtained with the control, untreated SCGs, highlighting the potential of biological pretreatments.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Coffee; Fermentation; Hydrolysis; Trametes
PubMed: 36139123
DOI: 10.3390/biom12091284 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors...
/ has recently been recognized as an emerging human pathogen, causing serious infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Several predisposing factors have been reported, including foreign body implants, previous surgery, or trauma. Treatment with antifungal drugs often fails as species-specific differences in antifungal susceptibilities are one of the management challenges. Surgical debridement with or without antifungal therapy was sufficient to cure the infection in a few reported cases. Nonetheless, the surgical approach has been found to decrease the chance of dissemination and recurrence. Here, we report the first pediatric patient with chronic osteomyelitis of the femur secondary to species, with no predisposing risk factors. Our case was successfully treated with a combination of antifungal therapy and surgical debridement. Additionally, we describe the first extensive literature review of previously reported / species infections in pediatric age groups.
PubMed: 36135655
DOI: 10.3390/jof8090930 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from...
High temperature negatively affects reproductive process significantly, leading to tremendous losses in crop quality and yield. Zhinengcong (ZNC), a crude extract from the endophytic fungus , has been shown to improve plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. We show here that ZNC can also alleviate heat stress-induced reproductive defects in , such as short-term heat-induced inhibition on pollen viability, germination and tube growth, and long-term heat stress-induced pollen developmental defects. We further demonstrated that ZNC alleviates heat stress by downregulating the expressions of ROS production-related genes, RBOHs, and upregulating antioxidant related genes and the activities of the corresponding enzymes, thus preventing the over accumulation of heat-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in anther, pollen grain and pollen tube. Furthermore, spraying application of ZNC onto tomato plants under long-term heat stress promotes fruit and seed bearing in the field. In summary, plant endophytic fungus extract ZNC promotes the reproductive process and yield of tomato plants under heat stress and presents excellent potential in agricultural applications.
PubMed: 36092397
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.977881 -
Nutrients Jul 2022, a fungal strain isolated from natural , contains similar pharmacologically active components, has been used widely as a substitute of in functional food and medicine....
, a fungal strain isolated from natural , contains similar pharmacologically active components, has been used widely as a substitute of in functional food and medicine. However, the components and anti-fatigue effects of spores and their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we compared the chemical composition in spore (HPS) and mycelium (HPM) by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We found 85 metabolites with significant differences, and HPS contains more L-Malic acid, Oxalacetic acid, Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and L-Arginine than HPM. Then we evaluated their anti-fatigue effects and regulatory effects on the gut microbiota in mice. The forced swimming time (SW) was only significantly increased in HPS groups: the high and low dose of the HPS group was 101% and 72% longer than the control group, respectively. Both HPS and HPM treatment decreased lactic acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatine kinase while increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the blood. Moreover, mice treated with HPS and HPM showed less skeletal muscle fiber spacing and breakage. The relative abundance of , , , , and in the gut microbiota of the HPS group was higher than that in the HPM group through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. These changes may be related to the regulation of nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Correlation analysis between the gut microbiota and fatigue-related indicators suggested that , , , , and were positively correlated with the SW and LDH content. Our findings demonstrated that HPS has beneficial anti-fatigue effects by regulating gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Paecilomyces; Powders; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spores
PubMed: 35889929
DOI: 10.3390/nu14142973 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species...
spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species complex, whereas is related to another genus called . The aims of this study were to identify clinical isolates of spp. at the species level, and to determine their antifungal susceptibility profiles. 70 clinical spp. isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) and by multilocus rDNA genes sequencing including ITS and the D1/D2 genes. Among the 70 spp. isolates, 28 were identified as , 26 as , and 16 as . For antifungal susceptibility testing, Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) or Minimal Effective Concentrations (MECs) were determined for 8 antifungals. All isolates had high MICs and MECs of amphotericin B and echinocandins, respectively, unlike and . For azole drugs, MICs were molecule- and species- dependent. The differences in in vitro susceptibility to antifungals underline the importance of accurate species identification. The MALDI-TOF MS can be a good alternative in routine laboratory to ensure fast identification of spp. and .
PubMed: 35887446
DOI: 10.3390/jof8070684 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2022Disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) can be considered a risk to human health representing a great environmental problem in several countries. MSW landfills are a...
Disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) can be considered a risk to human health representing a great environmental problem in several countries. MSW landfills are a significant source of toxic elements in the environment. Microorganisms able to thriving in leachate wastewater may exhibit metabolic machinery to synthesize a wide range of enzymes able to degrade and/or discolor toxic compounds from leachate. The use of non-pathogenic microbial cells for human health, recovered from leachate for biotechnological application, can be considered a promising approach in bioremediation processes of toxic compounds found in these environments. The present work aimed to the isolation, antibiotic resistance evaluation and leachate discoloration by microorganisms isolated from landfill leachate of Foz do Iguaçu. Forty bacteria and fifteen filamentous fungi were isolated. From these, six bacterial showed resistance at least one tested antibiotic, while six fungal isolates showed resistance to the antimycotic nystatin. CCMIBA_4L (unidentified bacteria) and Paecilomyces sp. CCMIBA_5N, were able to discolor 19.15% and 25.26% of the leachate, respectively. The results of the present work encourage future studies to characterize the enzymes involved in the discoloration and degradation of the leachate. The findings demonstrated the potential for the use of microorganisms from landfill leachate as bioremediation tools.
Topics: Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Refuse Disposal; Solid Waste; Waste Disposal Facilities; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35857963
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210642 -
ACS Omega Jul 2022Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) is intended to release nutrients steadily in response to the demand of crop growth. A novel biostimulant extracted from has been...
Coated diammonium phosphate (CDAP) is intended to release nutrients steadily in response to the demand of crop growth. A novel biostimulant extracted from has been shown to regulate gene expression in nutrient transport, enhance nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, and improve nutrient use efficiency. The application of CDAP combined with the extracts (ZNC) in maize is an efficient approach for reducing waste of resources, improving nutrient supply, and maintaining production stability. The effects of CDAP combined with ZNC on photosynthesis, enzyme activities, endogenous hormone content, maize yield, and P use efficiency (PUE) were investigated in this study. In a pot experiment, CDAP and diammonium phosphate (DAP) were tested together with P levels (1.80, 1.44 g pot, PO) and two ZNC application rates (0, 4.4 μg pot), which included the control treatment that had no P fertilizer added. Results showed that the key influencing elements of maize growth and yield were the soil available-P content, endogenous hormone content, and plant photosynthesis in this study. The combination of DAP and ZNC increased the soil available-P content and the auxin content in leaves at the key stage and hence increased the yield and PUE of maize, compared with DAP. The net photosynthetic rate of CDAP combined with ZNC was higher by 23.1% than that of CDAP alone, as well as by 32.0% than that of DAP combined with ZNC. Moreover, the combination of CDAP and ZNC increased the yield and PUE by 8.2% and 15.6 percentage points compared with DAP combined with ZNC while increasing the yield and PUE compared with CDAP. In conclusion, combining CDAP with ZNC as an environmentally friendly fertilizer could improve photosynthesis-related enzyme activity and enhance the net photosynthetic rate, resulting in an increase in maize yield and PUE significantly.
PubMed: 35847329
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02102