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BMC Urology Jun 2024Various complications following hypospadias surgery present distinct manifestations when examined with ultrasound. Utilizing high-frequency ultrasound, clinicians can...
PURPOSE
Various complications following hypospadias surgery present distinct manifestations when examined with ultrasound. Utilizing high-frequency ultrasound, clinicians can promptly identify these complications and initiate appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to catalogue the ultrasonographic presentations of various postoperative complications following hypospadias surgery, thereby providing a reference for ultrasonographic diagnosis.
METHODS
Ultrasonic images of post-hypospadias surgery from October 1, 2015, to June 30, 2023, recorded at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, serve as the basis for this investigation. Drawing on patient clinical diagnoses, this study compiles and selects representative ultrasound images of diverse complications.
RESULTS
The study encompassed a total of 121 subjects; 26 demonstrated urethral stricture on ultrasonic images, two presented local urethral dilation, six showed intraurethral hair-like structures, 17 revealed intraurethral septum, two exhibited intraurethral fold, one had urethral calculus, one displayed urethral calcification, 12 indicated intraurethral urine accumulation, and two showed urethral diverticulum.
CONCLUSION
Ultrasound examination is helpful for postoperative diagnosis following hypospadias, detecting complications such as urethral stricture, urethral hair growth, and urethral diverticulum, which can help doctors choose appropriate clinical treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Hypospadias; Male; Postoperative Complications; Ultrasonography; Child, Preschool; Infant; Child; Urethral Stricture; Adolescent; Urethral Diseases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38862925
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-024-01491-y -
Qatar Medical Journal 2024Penile Mondor's disease (PMD) is a rare syndrome characterized by sclerosis after superficial thrombophlebitis of the superficial penile veins. The most usual appearance...
BACKGROUND
Penile Mondor's disease (PMD) is a rare syndrome characterized by sclerosis after superficial thrombophlebitis of the superficial penile veins. The most usual appearance of PMD is a tender, palpable, painful, and sometimes visible cord on the dorsal surface of the penis. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, and a standardized treatment has not been established.
CASE REPORT
A 54-year-old male patient presented with a left-sided indirect reducible inguinal hernia. The patient underwent Lichtenstein's procedure for inguinal hernia repair. On the tenth postoperative day, he returned with PMD confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography examination. Treatment with 4000 UI low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) daily for three weeks resolved the symptoms, but mild venous ectasia just to the proximal part of the penis remained.
DISCUSSION
The exact cause of PMD is not well understood, but various studies have identified certain factors associated with an increased risk of the condition. Out of various potential factors that could trigger PMD, the repair of an inguinal hernia has been reported only once. Treatment may involve pain management, anti-inflammatory medications, anticoagulants, and, in some cases, surgery.
CONCLUSION
PMD after open hernia repair surgery is a very rare benign condition. Correct diagnosis and prompt treatment allowed symptom resolution. Residual venous ectasia has no clinical significance other than a cosmetic appearance.
PubMed: 38859918
DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2024.25 -
ELife Jun 2024Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects a significant proportion of men aged 40-70 and is caused by cavernous tissue dysfunction. Presently, the most common treatment for ED...
Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects a significant proportion of men aged 40-70 and is caused by cavernous tissue dysfunction. Presently, the most common treatment for ED is phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; however, this is less effective in patients with severe vascular disease such as diabetic ED. Therefore, there is a need for development of new treatment, which requires a better understanding of the cavernous microenvironment and cell-cell communications under diabetic condition. Pericytes are vital in penile erection; however, their dysfunction due to diabetes remains unclear. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing to understand the cellular landscape of cavernous tissues and cell type-specific transcriptional changes in diabetic ED. We found a decreased expression of genes associated with collagen or extracellular matrix organization and angiogenesis in diabetic fibroblasts, chondrocytes, myofibroblasts, valve-related lymphatic endothelial cells, and pericytes. Moreover, the newly identified pericyte-specific marker, Limb Bud-Heart (Lbh) in mouse and human cavernous tissues, clearly distinguishing pericytes from smooth muscle cells. Cell-cell interaction analysis revealed that pericytes are involved in angiogenesis, adhesion, and migration by communicating with other cell types in the corpus cavernosum; however, these interactions were highly reduced under diabetic conditions. Lbh expression is low in diabetic pericytes, and overexpression of LBH prevents erectile function by regulating neurovascular regeneration. Furthermore, the LBH-interacting proteins (Crystallin Alpha B and Vimentin) were identified in mouse cavernous pericytes through LC-MS/MS analysis, indicating that their interactions were critical for maintaining pericyte function. Thus, our study reveals novel targets and insights into the pathogenesis of ED in patients with diabetes.
Topics: Male; Pericytes; Erectile Dysfunction; Single-Cell Analysis; Animals; Mice; Humans; Penis; Gene Expression Profiling; Transcriptome; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis
PubMed: 38856719
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.88942 -
BMC Biotechnology Jun 2024This study compared the differences of microvesicles (MVs) and microvesicles-delivering Smad7 (Smad7-MVs) on macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation in...
BACKGROUND
This study compared the differences of microvesicles (MVs) and microvesicles-delivering Smad7 (Smad7-MVs) on macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation in a model of Peyronie's disease (PD).
METHODS
Overexpression of Smad7 in rat BMSCs was obtained by pCMV5-Smad7 transfection. MVs were collected from rat BMSCs using ultracentrifugation. In cells, 100 µg/mL of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the 100 ng/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells or 10 ng/mL of recombinant transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced fibroblasts. The pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of M1 macrophages were measured in RAW264.7 cells, and the migration and markers of fibroblast differentiation were measured in fibroblasts. In rats, 50 µg of MVs or Smad7-MVs were used to treat the TGF-β1-induced animals. The pathology of tunica albuginea (TA), the markers of M1 macrophages and fibroblast differentiation in the TA were measured.
RESULTS
The MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment suppressed the LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation. Moreover, the Smad7-MVs treatment decreased the fibroblast differentiation compared with the MVs treatment. In the TGF-β1-induced TA of rats, MVs or Smad7-MVs treatment ameliorated the TA fibrosis by suppressing the macrophage M1 polarization and fibroblast differentiation. There was no significance on the M1-polarized macrophages between the MVs treatment and the Smad7-MVs treatment. Meanwhile, the Smad7-MVs treatment had an edge in terms of suppressing the fibroblast differentiation in the TGF-β1-induced PD model compared with the MVs treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that Smad7-MVs treatment had advantages over MVs treatment in suppressing of fibroblast differentiation in a model of PD.
Topics: Animals; Penile Induration; Cell Differentiation; Fibroblasts; Rats; Male; Smad7 Protein; Mice; Cell-Derived Microparticles; RAW 264.7 Cells; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Macrophages; Disease Models, Animal; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Mesenchymal Stem Cells
PubMed: 38849776
DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00866-1 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2024Penile strangulation is a medical emergency characterized by the encirclement of the penis by an external object, resulting in circulatory compromise.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Penile strangulation is a medical emergency characterized by the encirclement of the penis by an external object, resulting in circulatory compromise.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old male presented with penile pain and urinary obstruction due to the inability to remove the ring. Upon examination, the ring was firmly lodged at the base of the penis, causing significant swelling and discoloration in the distal region.
INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
Initial attempts to cut the ring using standard tools were unsuccessful, leading to the engagement of a rescue team equipped with an air cutter. The cutting procedure, complicated by the ring's thickness and hardness and the significant edema, took ~90 min. Safety measures, including the use of a surgical brain spatula and forceps, were employed to protect the penile skin from damage during the operation.
RELEVANCE AND IMPACT
This case underscores the necessity for timely intervention in penile strangulation cases and highlights the effectiveness of collaboration with specialized rescue teams equipped with appropriate cutting tools. It also emphasizes the importance of safety considerations when employing nonmedical devices in medical emergencies. The patient experienced a favorable outcome, with significant improvement in swelling and discoloration postprocedure, and no complications during follow-up. This report contributes to the limited but crucial literature on managing penile strangulation, particularly regarding the methods and timeframes for safely removing constricting objects.
PubMed: 38846842
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002105 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Jun 2024Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common, potentially life-threatening neoplasms of horses. They are well-recognized to be caused by Equus caballus...
Penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common, potentially life-threatening neoplasms of horses. They are well-recognized to be caused by Equus caballus papillomavirus (EcPV) type 2, although EcPV2 cannot be detected in all cases. A 23-year-old standardbred gelding developed multiple penile in situ and invasive SCCs that contained histological evidence of PV infection. By using both consensus and specific PCR primers, these lesions were found to contain EcPV7 DNA, but not DNA from EcPV2 or any other PV type. To determine how frequently EcPV7 is present in equine penile SCCs, specific primers were used to detect EcPV2 and EcPV7 in a series of 20 archived samples. EcPV7 was the only PV detected in one, both EcPV2 and 7 were detected in five, and only EcPV2 was detected in 14 SCCs. EcPV7 DNA was also detected in three of 10 archived oropharyngeal SCCs, although only as a co- infection with EcPV2. This is the first report of EcPV7 causing disease in horses. These results suggest EcPV7 could cause a subset of equine penile SCCs, and this is the first evidence that PV types other than EcPV2 can cause these neoplasms. The detection of EcPV7 in the oropharyngeal SCCs suggests a potential role of this PV type in the development of these SCCs. There were no clinical or histological features that differentiated lesions containing EcPV7 DNA from those containing EcPV2 DNA. If EcPV7 causes a proportion of equine penile SCCs, vaccines to prevent EcPV2 infection may not prevent all equine penile SCCs.
PubMed: 38838769
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106155 -
Cureus May 2024A 57-year-old African-American male presented with urinary retention secondary to a history of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) concurrent with penile carcinoma....
A 57-year-old African-American male presented with urinary retention secondary to a history of balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) concurrent with penile carcinoma. BXO, characterized by chronic, sclerosing inflammation of the male external genitalia, presents significant clinical challenges due to its progressive nature and potential for complications. The patient experienced recurrent episodes of urinary retention, leading to multiple hospital visits and disease progression, prompting a comprehensive evaluation and intervention. The patient's medical history revealed a complex array of comorbidities, including penile carcinoma secondary to BXO, urethral strictures, and meatal stenosis. Clinical assessment, including bedside bladder ultrasound and laboratory investigations, confirmed urinary retention secondary to urethral stricture, necessitating urological consultation. Management strategies involved Foley catheter placement, urethral dilation, and pharmacological interventions for pain management. Subsequent follow-up and imaging evaluations identified an increased risk of carcinoma development, highlighting the importance of surveillance and early intervention in patients with BXO. This case report highlights the intricate clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations encountered in managing BXO and its associated pathologies.
PubMed: 38832208
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59555 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jun 2024Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is relatively rare. The contralateral testis is a common site of PTL relapse; therefore, once complete remission is achieved, radiation...
BACKGROUND
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is relatively rare. The contralateral testis is a common site of PTL relapse; therefore, once complete remission is achieved, radiation therapy (RT) is administered to the contralateral testis to prevent relapse.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 76-year-old man was diagnosed with PTL and received RT as described above. However, despite achieving and maintaining complete remission, a mass diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by tissue biopsy developed in the glans penis 6.5 years after prophylactic RT. We investigated whether the glans penile lymphoma was PTL relapse or a new malignancy by genomic analysis using next-generation sequencing of DNA extracted from two histopathological specimens.
CONCLUSIONS
We found the same variant allele fraction in four somatic genes (MYD88, IL7R, BLNK, and FLT3) at similar frequencies, indicating that the glans penile lymphoma had the same origin as the PTL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of PTL relapse in the glans penis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Testicular Neoplasms; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Penile Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PubMed: 38831436
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01498-x -
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease May 2024
PubMed: 38825297
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2024.102728