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TheScientificWorldJournal Feb 2011Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans penis. Actually, physiologic phimosis is common in male patients up to 3 years of age,... (Review)
Review
Phimosis is a condition in which the prepuce cannot be retracted over the glans penis. Actually, physiologic phimosis is common in male patients up to 3 years of age, but often extends into older age groups. Balanoposthitisis a common inflammation occurring in 4-11% of uncircumcised boys. Circumcision is generally undertaken for three reasons: first, as an item of religious practice, typically neonatally although occasionally transpubertally, as a rite of passage; second, as a prophylactic measure against future ailments for the reduction in the risk of penile cancer, urinary tract infection, and sexually transmitted infection; and third, for immediate medical indication. Balanitisxeroticaobliterans is an infiltrative skin condition that causes a pathological phimosis and has been considered to be the only absolute indication for circumcision. Various kinds of effective alternatives to circumcision have been described, including manual retraction therapy, topical steroid therapy, and several variations of preputioplasty. All of these treatments have the ability to retract the foreskin as their goal and do not involve the removal of the entire foreskin. Paraphimosis is a condition in which the foreskin is left retracted. When manipulation is not effective, a dorsal slit should be done, which is usually followed by circumcision.
Topics: Circumcision, Male; Humans; Male; Paraphimosis; Penile Diseases; Phimosis
PubMed: 21298220
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2011.31 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022
Topics: Calciphylaxis; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis
PubMed: 35480413
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.124.33602 -
Andrology Sep 2021Because it is a superficial structure, the penis is ideally suited to ultrasound imaging. A number of disease processes, including Peyronie's disease, penile fractures... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Because it is a superficial structure, the penis is ideally suited to ultrasound imaging. A number of disease processes, including Peyronie's disease, penile fractures and tumors, are clearly visualized with ultrasound. Baseline and dynamic assessment of cavernosal arterial changes after pharmaco-stimulation with alprostadil allows standardized diagnosis of arterial and venogenic causes of erectile dysfunction (ED).
OBJECTIVE
To illustrate how to correctly perform flaccid and dynamic penile duplex ultrasound (D-PDU) and in which patients to recommend it.
MATERIALS/METHODS
An extensive search of the literature was carried out on Pubmed with the insertion of the following Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords "penile color Doppler ultrasound" "peak systolic velocity" "end-diastolic velocity", "acceleration time", "resistance index".
EVIDENCE
In our experience, arterial erectile dysfunction is identified after standardized intracavernous injection (ICI) of alprostadil (10 mcg) when values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) are <35 cm/s and, in the most severe forms, for values <25 cm/s. Arterial insufficiency can also be identified by increased acceleration time (AT) values (>110 ms) and/or by a lack of visualization of helicine arteries at power Doppler mode along with incomplete achievement of penile rigidity. The veno-occlusive incompetence is determined when end-diastolic velocity (EDV) values are >4.5-5 cm/s or in the case of resistance index (RI) values <0.75. The assessment of additional surrogate markers of endothelial dysfunction, that is, intima-media thickness, mean platelet volume (MPV), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), endothelial cell specific molecule-1(endocan) are also useful in assessing the patient's cardiovascular risk but are still considered investigational in the interpretation of D-PDU results.
CONCLUSION
D-PDU scan after ICI with vasoactive drugs is a safe procedure and represents the gold standard for the diagnostics of penile pathologies and should be performed in men with ED not responding to oral conventional therapies and/or in those requiring accurate stratification of cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Alprostadil; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Penile Induration; Penis; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; Vasodilator Agents
PubMed: 33960127
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13029 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2018Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare disease that manifests with a palpable cord-like induration on the body surface. In general, MD is a self-limited, benign... (Review)
Review
Mondor's disease (MD) is a rare disease that manifests with a palpable cord-like induration on the body surface. In general, MD is a self-limited, benign thrombophlebitis that resolves in four to eight weeks without any specific treatment. Cases of MD can be roughly categorized into three different groups based on the site of the lesion as follows: original MD of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall, penile MD with dorsum and dorsolateral aspects of the penis, and axillary web syndrome with mid-upper arm after axillary surgery. The diagnosis of MD is rather straightforward and based on a physical examinations. However, some case occur "secondary" with another underlying disease, including malignancy, a hypercoagulative state, and vasculitis. Therefore, it is critical to identify MD precisely, evaluate any possible underlying disease, and avoid any unnecessary invasive tests or treatment. In this paper, we comprehensively review the clinical characteristics of MD.
Topics: Arm; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Rare Diseases; Thrombophlebitis
PubMed: 29780120
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0495-17 -
Australian Family Physician May 2013Even after a thorough examination it can be difficult to distinguish a normal penile anatomical variant from pathology needing treatment. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Even after a thorough examination it can be difficult to distinguish a normal penile anatomical variant from pathology needing treatment.
OBJECTIVE
This article aims to assist diagnosis by outlining a series of common penile anatomical variants and comparing them to common pathological conditions.
DISCUSSION
The problems considered include pearly penile papules, penile sebaceous glands (Fordyce spots), Tyson glands, angiokeratomas of the scrotum, lymphocoele, penile warts, molluscum contagiosum, folliculitis and scabies.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis
PubMed: 23781523
DOI: No ID Found -
Penile fracture: Tertiary care center experience and long-term complications after immediate repair.Andrology Mar 2022In the literature, there is not sufficient data on factors affecting the development of complications in patients with penile fracture after early surgical intervention.
BACKGROUND
In the literature, there is not sufficient data on factors affecting the development of complications in patients with penile fracture after early surgical intervention.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the predictors of long-term complications in patients who underwent immediate surgical repair for penile fracture.
MATERIALS/METHODS
This clinical study included a total of 31 cases of penile fracture in which surgical treatment was performed within the first 24 h and penile fracture was confirmed during the operation. The patients with and without late complications were compared in terms of parameters such as age, tear size of the tunica albuginea of the penis, bilateral involvement of the corpora cavernosa involvement, urethral injuries, and duration from penile fracture to surgery.
RESULTS
The median age of the patients was 42 years (interquartile range: 34-51 years). The median time from penile fracture to surgery was 13 h (8-18 h). The median tear size was 16 mm (11-21 mm). Late complications were seen in 13 (41.9%) patients in the post-operative period. Erectile dysfunction developed in five (16.1%) patients in the post-operative period. There was no statistically significant relationship between age, tear size, time from penile fracture to surgery, and bilateral corporeal involvement in terms of erectile dysfunction development. Painful erections, penile deviations, urethral strictures, tunical scars, and re-fracture were the other late complications. There was a significant relationship between the development of any complication and time from penile fracture to surgery (p = 0.028) and tear size (p = 0.031). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis of complication development, the cut-off value for the time from penile fracture to surgery was 13.5 h.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
We found that the longer time interval between penile fracture and surgery worsened the patient outcomes. In addition, tear size was determined to be a predictor for long-term complications. In our opinion, early treatment of penile fracture can prevent severe complications in these cases.
Topics: Adult; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Diseases; Penis; Rupture; Tertiary Care Centers
PubMed: 34939748
DOI: 10.1111/andr.13148 -
American Family Physician Jan 2010Family physicians commonly diagnose and manage penile cutaneous lesions. Noninfectious lesions may be classified as inflammatory and papulosquamous (e.g., psoriasis,... (Review)
Review
Family physicians commonly diagnose and manage penile cutaneous lesions. Noninfectious lesions may be classified as inflammatory and papulosquamous (e.g., psoriasis, lichen sclerosus, angiokeratomas, lichen nitidus, lichen planus), or as neoplastic (e.g., carcinoma in situ, invasive squamous cell carcinoma). The clinical presentation and appearance of the lesions guide the diagnosis. Psoriasis presents as red or salmon-colored plaques with overlying scales, often with systemic lesions. Lichen sclerosus presents as a phimotic, hypopigmented prepuce or glans penis with a cellophane-like texture. Angiokeratomas are typically asymptomatic, well-circumscribed, red or blue papules, whereas lichen nitidus usually produces asymptomatic pinhead-sized, hypopigmented papules. The lesions of lichen planus are pruritic, violaceous, polygonal papules that are typically systemic. Carcinoma in situ should be suspected if the patient has velvety red or keratotic plaques of the glans penis or prepuce, whereas invasive squamous cell carcinoma presents as a painless lump, ulcer, or fungating irregular mass. Some benign lesions, such as psoriasis and lichen planus, can mimic carcinoma in situ or squamous cell carcinoma. Biopsy is indicated if the diagnosis is in doubt or neoplasm cannot be excluded. The management of benign penile lesions usually involves observation or topical corticosteroids; however, neoplastic lesions generally require surgery.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Balanitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Diseases; Penile Neoplasms; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Skin Diseases, Parasitic; Skin Diseases, Viral; Young Adult
PubMed: 20082512
DOI: No ID Found -
TheScientificWorldJournal Jul 2011Congenital chordee and penile torsion are commonly observed in the presence of hypospadias, but can also be seen in boys with the meatus in its orthotopic position.... (Review)
Review
Congenital chordee and penile torsion are commonly observed in the presence of hypospadias, but can also be seen in boys with the meatus in its orthotopic position. Varying degrees of penile curvature are observed in 4-10% of males in the absence of hypospadias. Penile torsion can be observed at birth or in older boys who were circumcised at birth. Surgical management of congenital curvature without hypospadias can present a challenge to the pediatric urologist. The most widely used surgical techniques include penile degloving and dorsal plication. This paper will review the current theories for the etiology of penile curvature, discuss the spectrum of severity of congenital chordee and penile torsion, and present varying surgical techniques for the correction of penile curvature in the absence of hypospadias.
Topics: Humans; Hypospadias; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 21805016
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2011.136 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2011Inconspicous penis refers to a constellation of conditions that make the penis look diminutive and small. This could be secondary to short penile shaft often termed as... (Review)
Review
Inconspicous penis refers to a constellation of conditions that make the penis look diminutive and small. This could be secondary to short penile shaft often termed as micropenis. But more commonly, this inconspicuous appearance is secondary to other causes ranging from congenital conditions such as penoscrotal webbing or megaprepuce, developmental conditions like prepubic adiposity that overhang the penis, and iatrogenic causes like trapped penis after adhesions secondary to circumcision. In this paper, we propose to define these entities and provide their descriptions and then to describe their management including surgical correction.
Topics: Circumcision, Male; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Penis; Physical Examination; Steroids
PubMed: 22235186
DOI: 10.1100/2011/238519 -
Genitourinary Medicine Jun 1994
Topics: Female; History, 15th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Male; Penile Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Ulcer
PubMed: 8039790
DOI: 10.1136/sti.70.3.218