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Mycology 2024This paper discusses the interaction between two substantial debates in taxonomy and nomenclature: The potential introduction of DNA-only types into fungal taxonomy and... (Review)
Review
This paper discusses the interaction between two substantial debates in taxonomy and nomenclature: The potential introduction of DNA-only types into fungal taxonomy and whether certain species names are offensive and should be changed. It argues that the acceptance of DNA sequences as types will likely lead to a proliferation of eponyms (species named after a person or persons) and that this will render them more likely to censure thus creating a point of instability in the fungal nomenclature. More fundamentally, it seeks to highlight the cultural and aesthetic attraction of names and to promote wider conversation on why we consider the Latin binomial central in our description of species.
PubMed: 38813474
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2295412 -
Heliyon May 2024Members of the genus, a crop in the Zingiberaceae, are widely utilized rhizomatous herbs globally. There are two distinct species, Roxb. and Roscoe, referred to the...
Members of the genus, a crop in the Zingiberaceae, are widely utilized rhizomatous herbs globally. There are two distinct species, Roxb. and Roscoe, referred to the same vernacular name "Wan Chak Motluk" in Thai. holds economic importance and is extensively used as a Thai traditional medicine due to its phytoestrogenic properties. However, its morphology closely resembles that of , which contains zederone, a compound known for its hepatotoxic effects. They are often confused, which may affect the quality, efficacy and safety of the derived herbal materials. Thus, DNA markers were developed for discriminating from . This study focused on analyzing core DNA barcode regions, including L, K, A-H spacer and ITS2, of the authentic and species. As a result, no variable nucleotides in core DNA barcode regions were observed. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome was introduced to differentiate between the two species. The comparison revealed that the cp genomes of and were 162,272 and 162,289 bp, respectively, with a total of 133 identified genes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that and exhibited a very close relationship with other species. The cp genome of and were identified for the first time, providing valuable insights for species identification and evolutionary research within the Zingiberaceae family.
PubMed: 38813184
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31248 -
Heliyon May 2024This study aims to explore the effect of eco-innovation and renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) for G7 countries. Using regression models, the results...
This study aims to explore the effect of eco-innovation and renewable energy on carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) for G7 countries. Using regression models, the results reveal that eco-innovation and renewable energy lead to reducing CDE in the presence of governance variables. Additional analysis is conducted to examine whether Hofstede national culture dimensions moderate the nexus of "eco-innovation- carbon emission" and "renewable energy-carbon emission". The results show that individualism, long-term orientation, and indulgence dimensions moderate positively the eco-innovation-carbon emission relationship. Moreover, power distance and uncertainty avoidance dimensions moderate the relationship between renewable energy and CDE and help reduce carbon emissions. The outcomes of this study provide new insights and directives for policymakers and regulators. In fact, increased investment in eco-innovation and renewable energy will support the environmental agenda of G7 countries. National cultural dimensions should be taken into consideration to improve awareness of environmental quality. Moreover, the combination of governance indicators plays a key role in environmental sustainability.
PubMed: 38813154
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31142 -
Bone Reports Jun 2024Objective Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is an isomer of tretinoin, the oxidized form of Vitamin A. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of...
Objective Isotretinoin, also known as 13-cis-retinoic acid, is an isomer of tretinoin, the oxidized form of Vitamin A. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is the result of a cascade of inflammatory responses stimulated by a physical element that is the force generated by orthodontic appliances. Isotretinoin is mainly used among adolescents and young adults, and coincidentally it is this age group that also undergoes orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods Fifty-five animals were used, and they were randomly divided into 11 groups, containing 5 animals in each group. Group 1: Control; Group 2: OTM for 7 days; Group 3: OTM for 14 days; Group 4: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day; Group 5: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day; Group 6: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day; Group 7: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day; Group 8: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 7 days; Group 9: Treated with isotretinoin for 14 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 7 days; Group 10: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 14 days; Group 11: Treated with isotretinoin for 21 days with a dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day and undergoing OTM for 14 days. In Groups 8, 9, 10 and 11, the animals were treated with isotretinoin for 7 days before OTM and maintained during the movement period in the respective groups. Results There was a significant difference in microtomographic parameters, including Trabecular Volume (BV/TV), Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th), Number of Trabeculae (Tb.N), and Trabecular Separation (Tb.Sp), between the groups. The group that received orthodontic force in conjunction with isotretinoin treatment at a dosage of 7.5 mg/kg/day exhibited lower tooth displacement over a period of 21 days and 14 days. Conclusion Isotretinoin caused a reduction in tooth displacement during OTM when administered at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day and isotretinoin did change the microtomographic parameters of treated animals.
PubMed: 38812839
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101775 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Jul 2024Breast hypertrophy may cause significant suffering, such as back- and breast pain, painful shoulder groves, and eczemas. Furthermore, women with breast hypertrophy may...
BACKGROUND
Breast hypertrophy may cause significant suffering, such as back- and breast pain, painful shoulder groves, and eczemas. Furthermore, women with breast hypertrophy may have lower quality of life than women without breast hypertrophy. Although 50% of the women undergoing breast reduction in the US have body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m, the current standard of normality is based on studies focusing on women <40 years of age and BMIs <25 kg/m. This study aimed to present reference values for breast measurements for women with obesity and to investigate the relationship between BMI loss and each breast measurement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and six women underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in Gothenburg, Sweden. The participants' breast anthropometrics were measured before and after bariatric surgery and their perception of the skin on their breasts was measured using the Sahlgrenska Excess Skin Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Breast volume, sternal notch to nipple (SNN) distance, and ptosis increased significantly with increasing BMI. For instance, women with BMIs between 30-34.9 kg/m have a mean breast volume of approximately 770 ml, those with BMIs of 40-44.9 kg/m have approximately 1150 ml, and those with BMIs above 50 kg/m have approximately 1400 ml. Furthermore, the percent change in the respective breast measurements relative to percent BMI change can be predicted, for instance, with a 20% reduction in BMI, the breast volume, SNN-distance, and ptosis decrease by 25%, 4%, and 20% respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This article presents the first standard of normality for breast anthropometrics in women with obesity and a model for predicting the change in breast anthropometrics relative to BMI.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
This is a longitudinal observation study, registered https://fou.nu/is/gsb/ansokan/49651, No: VGFOUGSB-49651. Trial registry name: "Överskottshud efter överviktskirurgi - dess utveckling samt behov och effekt av plastikkirurgi" ("Excess skin after bariatric surgery - its development and the need and effect of plastic surgery").
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast; Weight Loss; Adult; Body Mass Index; Reference Values; Middle Aged; Obesity; Mammaplasty; Gastric Bypass; Hypertrophy; Sweden
PubMed: 38810359
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.05.021 -
Plant Diversity Mar 2024•The pyIFPNI package assists researchers in accessing, retrieving, and utilizing data from the IFPNI portal.•This package provides nine fundamental methods, which...
•The pyIFPNI package assists researchers in accessing, retrieving, and utilizing data from the IFPNI portal.•This package provides nine fundamental methods, which are categorized into three groups according to their purpose: taxon name search, publication search, and author search.•There are 15 advanced methods that allow for finding parent or descendent taxa of target taxa, searching for plant taxa within target publications, and locating publications by paleobotanists associated with specific taxa.•This package automatically merges result entries and allows for effortless saving to a CSV file.
PubMed: 38807908
DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.12.001 -
Clinical and Translational Science Jun 2024A study to determine the impact of cyclosporine (Neoral), an inhibitor of P-gp, on the pharmacokinetics of pralsetinib (trade name GAVRETO®) was conducted in 15 healthy...
A study to determine the impact of cyclosporine (Neoral), an inhibitor of P-gp, on the pharmacokinetics of pralsetinib (trade name GAVRETO®) was conducted in 15 healthy adult volunteers. A single 200 mg dose of pralsetinib was administered orally alone and in combination with cyclosporine with a 9-day washout between treatments. Co-administration with cyclosporine resulted in a clinically relevant increase in pralsetinib maximum plasma concentration (C) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC) with associated geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of 148% (109, 201) and 181% (136, 241), respectively. These findings provide insight into concomitant dosing of pralsetinib with inhibitors of P-gp given the increases in pralsetinib exposure observed when administered with cyclosporine. Based on these results, co-administration of pralsetinib with P-gp inhibitors is not recommended. In the event that co-administration cannot be avoided, it is recommended that the dose of pralsetinib be reduced.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Cyclosporine; Female; Drug Interactions; Young Adult; Healthy Volunteers; Area Under Curve; Middle Aged; Administration, Oral; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Benzimidazoles
PubMed: 38807449
DOI: 10.1111/cts.13818 -
Journal of Translational Medicine May 2024Substantial evidence embraced the nutrition competence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a healthy model for decreasing the risk of chronic diseases and increasing...
BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence embraced the nutrition competence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a healthy model for decreasing the risk of chronic diseases and increasing longevity, with the bonus of ensuring environmental sustainability. Measuring adherence to this diet is marginally investigated in the Arabian Gulf region, an area away from the Mediterranean region. The current study aimed to assess the MD adherence among adults in Sharjah/the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to identify the most influential predictors for MD adherence among the study participants.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study design was employed using a self-reported, web-based electronic questionnaire that questioned sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and familiarity with the MD. The MD adherence was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener validated questionnaire. The adherence level was classified as low for a total score of [0-5], medium [score 6-7], and high (8-13).
RESULTS
The study included 1314 participants (age 25-52 years) comprised 822 (62.6%) females and 492 (37.4%) males. There was a moderate adherence score (5.9 ± 1.9) among the study participants. The food constituent expressed the lowest contribution to the MD was fish (9.3%), followed by fruits (12.3%), and legumes (18.3%). The multivariable linear regression analysis showed an overall significant linear trend for the association between the MD adherence score and physical activity, while nutrition information from dietitians and social media were the most two strongly related predictors for the higher adherence (β = 0.747; 95% CI 0.51-0.98, and β 0.60; 95% CI 0.269-0.93; p < 0.001, respectively). On the other side, being a smoker and from a non-Mediterranean country was associated with lower adherence scores (β = 0.538; 95% CI 0.252-0.82, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings of the current study showed a moderate adherence, low proportion for high adherence, and a gap in the familiarity with the diet name. Being married, physically active, non-smoker, and getting nutrition information from dietitians and social media were the strongest predictors for higher adherence. It is warranted that public health and nutrition specialists/dietitians to tailor new modern approaches for promoting healthy dietary behaviours consistent with the MD.
Topics: Humans; United Arab Emirates; Diet, Mediterranean; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Adult; Patient Compliance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Life Style; Feeding Behavior
PubMed: 38807139
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05172-0 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research May 2024Clinical natural language processing (NLP) researchers need access to directly comparable evaluation results for applications such as text deidentification across a...
BACKGROUND
Clinical natural language processing (NLP) researchers need access to directly comparable evaluation results for applications such as text deidentification across a range of corpus types and the means to easily test new systems or corpora within the same framework. Current systems, reported metrics, and the personally identifiable information (PII) categories evaluated are not easily comparable.
OBJECTIVE
This study presents an open-source and extensible end-to-end framework for comparing clinical NLP system performance across corpora even when the annotation categories do not align.
METHODS
As a use case for this framework, we use 6 off-the-shelf text deidentification systems (ie, CliniDeID, deid from PhysioNet, MITRE Identity Scrubber Toolkit [MIST], NeuroNER, National Library of Medicine [NLM] Scrubber, and Philter) across 3 standard clinical text corpora for the task (2 of which are publicly available) and 1 private corpus (all in English), with annotation categories that are not directly analogous. The framework is built on shell scripts that can be extended to include new systems, corpora, and performance metrics. We present this open tool, multiple means for aligning PII categories during evaluation, and our initial timing and performance metric findings. Code for running this framework with all settings needed to run all pairs are available via Codeberg and GitHub.
RESULTS
From this case study, we found large differences in processing speed between systems. The fastest system (ie, MIST) processed an average of 24.57 (SD 26.23) notes per second, while the slowest (ie, CliniDeID) processed an average of 1.00 notes per second. No system uniformly outperformed the others at identifying PII across corpora and categories. Instead, a rich tapestry of performance trade-offs emerged for PII categories. CliniDeID and Philter prioritize recall over precision (with an average recall 6.9 and 11.2 points higher, respectively, for partially matching spans of text matching any PII category), while the other 4 systems consistently have higher precision (with MIST's precision scoring 20.2 points higher, NLM Scrubber scoring 4.4 points higher, NeuroNER scoring 7.2 points higher, and deid scoring 17.1 points higher). The macroaverage recall across corpora for identifying names, one of the more sensitive PII categories, included deid (48.8%) and MIST (66.9%) at the low end and NeuroNER (84.1%), NLM Scrubber (88.1%), and CliniDeID (95.9%) at the high end. A variety of metrics across categories and corpora are reported with a wider variety (eg, F-score) available via the tool.
CONCLUSIONS
NLP systems in general and deidentification systems and corpora in our use case tend to be evaluated in stand-alone research articles that only include a limited set of comparators. We hold that a single evaluation pipeline across multiple systems and corpora allows for more nuanced comparisons. Our open pipeline should reduce barriers to evaluation and system advancement.
Topics: Natural Language Processing
PubMed: 38805692
DOI: 10.2196/55676 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Diabetes education is an integral part of the treatment for the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. The use of the Internet as a tool for diabetes education, as...
BACKGROUND
Diabetes education is an integral part of the treatment for the metabolic control of patients with diabetes. The use of the Internet as a tool for diabetes education, as well as its acceptance, is still under study.
AIM
To assess the usability of the educational website "I understand my diabetes" designed for patients with type 2 diabetes attending primary care clinics.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A cross-sectional study was done in 110 patients with type 2 diabetes from two family medicine clinics, each of whom was assigned a user account on the educational website "Entiendo mi diabetes." The web site assigned a user name and password to each patient. They were able to access the educational website at home. After a 15-day review period, participants were asked to evaluate usability using the Computer System Usability Questionnaire. Additionally, we developed an eight-item questionnaire usability focusing on diabetes care. Sociodemographic data, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Glucose levels and lipid profiles were also measured.
RESULTS
The patients with diabetes had a mean age of 52.7 years and a median of 5 years since they were diagnosed with diabetes. The website received a good usability rating from 89.1% of participants, with favorable assessments in all three dimensions: 87.3% for information, 85.5% for quality, and 88.2% for interface. Regarding usability specifically for diabetes care, 98.2% rated it as having good usability.
CONCLUSION
The website for education about the disease in patients "I understand my diabetes" had an adequate usability evaluation by patients, so they also considered it very useful for diabetes care. The diabetes care instrument had adequate usability and reliability.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Middle Aged; Mexico; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Patient Education as Topic; Internet; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38799692
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1394066