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Microorganisms Jun 2024In the European Union, salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonoses reported. Poultry meat and egg products are the most common food matrices associated with...
In the European Union, salmonellosis is one of the most important zoonoses reported. Poultry meat and egg products are the most common food matrices associated with presence. Moreover, wild and domestic animals could represent an important reservoir that could favour the direct and indirect transmission of pathogens to humans. spp. can infect carnivorous or omnivorous wild birds that regularly ingest food and water exposed to faecal contamination. Birds kept in captivity can act as reservoirs of spp. following ingestion of infected prey or feed. In this paper, we describe the isolation of different serovars in several species of raptors hosted in aviaries in an Italian wildlife centre and in the raw chicken necks used as their feed but intended for human consumption. Characterisations of strains were carried out by integrating classical methods and whole genome sequencing analysis. The strains of isolated in poultry meat and birds belonged to the same cluster, with some of them being multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carrying the Col(pHAD28) plasmid-borne (fluoro)quinolone resistance gene, thus confirming the source of infection. Differently, the found in feed and raptors were all MDR, carried a plasmid of emerging (pESI)-like plasmid and belonged to different clusters, possibly suggesting a long-lasting infection or the presence of additional undetected sources. Due to the high risk of fuelling a reservoir of human pathogens, the control and treatment of feed for captive species are crucial.
PubMed: 38930551
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061169 -
Microorganisms Jun 2024is a ubiquitous bacterial pathogen that threatens the food chain and human health. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic...
is a ubiquitous bacterial pathogen that threatens the food chain and human health. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used for the genomic characterization of (n = 24) from beef and beef-based products. Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis revealed that ST204 of CC204 was the most common sequence type (ST). Other sequence types detected included ST1 and ST876 of CC1, ST5 of CC5, ST9 of CC9, ST88 of CC88, ST2 and ST1430 of CC2, and ST321 of CC321. Genes encoding for virulence factors included complete LIPI-1 (-----) from 54% (13/24) of the isolates of ST204, ST321, ST1430, and ST9 and internalin genes that were present in all the STs. All the STs carried four intrinsic/natural resistance genes, , , , and , conferring resistance to fosfomycin, lincosamide, quinolones, and cationic peptides, respectively. Plasmids pLGUG1 and J1776 were the most detected (54% each), followed by pLI100 (13%) and pLM5578 (7%). The prophage profile, vB_LmoS_188, was overrepresented amongst the isolates, followed by LP_101, LmoS_293_028989, LP_030_2_021539, A006, and LP_HM00113468. genomic island 2 (LGI-2) was found to be present in all the isolates, while genomic island 3 (LGI-3) was present in a subset of isolates (25%). The type VII secretion system was found in 42% of the isolates, and sortase A was present in all genomes. Mobile genetic elements and genomic islands did not harbor any virulence, resistance, or environmental adaptation genes that may benefit . All the STs did not carry genes that confer resistance to first-line antibiotics used for the treatment of listeriosis. The characterization of in our study highlighted the environmental resistance and virulence potential of and the risk posed to the public, as this bacterium is frequently found in food and food processing environments.
PubMed: 38930548
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061166 -
Microorganisms May 2024is sensitive to most antibiotics and the sole species of this genus susceptible to ampicillin. This susceptibility profile could be related to its inability to acquire...
is sensitive to most antibiotics and the sole species of this genus susceptible to ampicillin. This susceptibility profile could be related to its inability to acquire exogenous DNA. In this study, isolates were analyzed to establish their capacity to incorporate foreign DNA. Fourteen strains were identified as by multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics (MIC) were assessed, confirming the susceptibility to most antibiotics tested. To explore their capacity to be transformed, strains were used as recipients in different horizontal transfer assays. Results showed that around fifty percent of strains were able to incorporate pBAMD1-2 and pBBR1MCS-3 plasmids after conjugal transfer. In all instances, conjugation frequencies were very low. Interestingly, several isoforms of plasmid pBBR1MCS-3 were observed in transconjugants. Strains could not receive pAr-32, a native plasmid from . strains were unable to receive DNA by means of electroporation, natural transformation or vesiduction. These results confirm that species are extremely refractory to horizontal gene transfer, which could be associated to plasmid instability resulting from oligomerization or to the presence of defense systems against exogenous genetic material in their genomes. To explain the poor results of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), selected genomes were sequenced and analyzed, revealing the presence of defense systems, which could prevent the stable incorporation of exogenous DNA in .
PubMed: 38930473
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061091 -
Microorganisms May 2024(1) Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent global threat to public health. Migratory birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria...
(1) Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an urgent global threat to public health. Migratory birds can acquire antibiotic-resistant and pathogenic bacteria from the environment or through contact with each other and spread them over long distances. The objectives of this study were to explore the relationship between migratory birds and the transmission of drug-resistant pathogenic . (2) Methods: Faeces and swab samples from migratory birds were collected for isolating on the Inner Mongolia Plateau of northern China from 2018 to 2023. The resistant phenotypes and spectra of isolates were determined using a BD Phoenix 100 System. Conjugation assays were performed on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, and the genomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and ESBL-producing isolates were sequenced and analysed. (3) Results: Overall, 179 isolates were antibiotic-resistant, with 49.7% MDR and 14.0% ESBL. Plasmids were successfully transferred from 32% of ESBL-producing strains. Genome sequencing analysis of 91 MDR strains identified 57 acquired resistance genes of 13 classes, and extraintestinal pathogenic and avian pathogenic accounted for 26.4% and 9.9%, respectively. There were 52 serotypes and 54 sequence types (STs), including ST48 (4.4%), ST69 (4.4%), ST131 (2.2%) and ST10 (2.2%). The international high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST10 primarily carried and . (4) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant virulent in migratory birds on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. This indicates a risk of intercontinental transmission from migratory birds to livestock and humans.
PubMed: 38930458
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061076 -
Microorganisms May 2024Root rot caused by spp. is the most destructive disease on , one of the large bulks and most common traditional herbal plants in China. In this study, we isolated a...
Root rot caused by spp. is the most destructive disease on , one of the large bulks and most common traditional herbal plants in China. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain, CF3, from the rhizosphere soil of and determined its inhibitory effects on in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. To deeply explore the biocontrol potential of CF3, we sequenced the whole genome and investigated the key pathways for the biosynthesis of many antibiotic compounds. The results revealed that CF3 is a member of , harboring two chromosomes and one plasmid as other strains in this species. Five antibiotic compounds were found that could be synthesized due to the existence of the bio-synthesis pathways in the genome. Furthermore, the synthesis of antibiotic compounds should be confirmed by in vitro experiments and novel compounds should be purified and characterized in further studies.
PubMed: 38930425
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061043 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The paper presents the study concerning the preparation and physio-chemical and biological properties of wool-copper (WO-Cu) materials obtained by the sputter deposition...
The paper presents the study concerning the preparation and physio-chemical and biological properties of wool-copper (WO-Cu) materials obtained by the sputter deposition of copper onto the wool fibers. The WO-Cu material was subjected to physio-chemical and biological investigations. The physio-chemical investigations included the elemental analysis of materials (C, N, O, S, and Cu), their microscopic analysis, and surface properties analysis (specific surface area and total pore volume). The biological investigations consisted of the antimicrobial activity tests of the WO-Cu materials against colonies of Gram-positive () bacteria, Gram-negative () bacteria, and fungal mold species (). Biochemical-hematological tests included the evaluation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and pro-thrombin time. The tested wool-copper demonstrated the ability to interact with the DNA in a time-dependent manner. These interactions led to the DNA's breaking and degradation. The antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the WO-Cu materials suggest a potential application as an antibacterial/antifungal material. Wool-copper materials may be also used as customized materials where the blood coagulation process could be well controlled through the appropriate copper content.
PubMed: 38930247
DOI: 10.3390/ma17122878 -
Genes Jun 2024Currently, the species are responsible for a variety of serious infections and are already considered a global public health problem, especially in underdeveloped...
BACKGROUND
Currently, the species are responsible for a variety of serious infections and are already considered a global public health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries, where surveillance and monitoring programs are still scarce and limited. Analyses were performed on the complete genome of an extensively antibiotic-resistant strain of , which was isolated from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who had been admitted to a hospital in the city of Manaus, Brazil.
METHODS
Phenotypical identification and susceptibility tests were performed in automated equipment. Total DNA extraction was performed using the PureLink genomic DNA mini-Kit. The genomic DNA library was prepared with Illumina Microbial Amplicon Prep and sequenced in the MiSeq Illumina Platform. The assembly of the whole-genome and individual analyses of specific resistance genes extracted were carried out using online tools and the Geneious Prime software.
RESULTS
The analyses identified an extensively resistant ST90 clone of carrying different genes, including , , , , and , [], [, (qnrB1)], , and , , , and B, in addition to resistance to chlorhexidine, which is widely used in patient antisepsis.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the need for actions to control and monitor these pathogens in the hospital environment.
Topics: Humans; Enterobacter; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Whole Genome Sequencing; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Brazil
PubMed: 38927749
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060814 -
Genes Jun 2024Many enzymes in the Raetz pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in are essential. A homologous protein Pa1792|LpxH in is known to complement the loss of LpxH in ....
Many enzymes in the Raetz pathway for lipid A biosynthesis in are essential. A homologous protein Pa1792|LpxH in is known to complement the loss of LpxH in . Genome-wide transposon-insertion sequencing analysis indicates that is essential in . However, genetic analysis of in has not been carried out, partly because the conditional alleles of essential genes are not readily constructed. In this study, we first constructed a plasmid-based temperature-sensitive mutant or in PAO1. Spot-plating assay indicated that was lethal at a restrictive temperature, confirming its essentiality for growth. Microscopic analysis revealed that exhibited an oval-shaped morphology, suggesting that was required for rod-shape formation. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis showed that failed to synthesize lipid A, consistent with its function in lipid A biosynthesis. Strong expression of but not the non-homologous isoenzyme or impeded growth and caused cell lysis, implying that -specific cofactors were required for this toxic effect in . Together, our results demonstrate that is essential for lipid A biosynthesis, rod-shaped growth, and viability in . We propose that this plasmid-based conditional allele is a useful tool for the genetic study of essential genes in .
Topics: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Plasmids; Bacterial Proteins; Temperature; Mutation; Lipid A; Escherichia coli
PubMed: 38927720
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060784 -
Genes May 2024Several years of research into the small circular DNA molecules called SPHINX and BMMF (SPHINX/BMMF) have provided information on several areas of research, medicine,... (Review)
Review
Several years of research into the small circular DNA molecules called SPHINX and BMMF (SPHINX/BMMF) have provided information on several areas of research, medicine, microbiology and nutritional science. But there are still open questions that have not yet been addressed. Due to the unclear classification, evolution and sources of SPHINX/BMMF, a risk assessment is currently not possible. However, risk assessment is necessary as SPHINX/BMMF are suspected to be involved in the development of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In order to obtain an overview of the current state of research and to identify research gaps, a review of all the publications on this topic to date was carried out. The focus was primarily on the SPHINX/BMMF group 1 and 2 members, which is the topic of most of the research. It was discovered that the SPHINX/BMMF molecules could be integral components of mammalian cells, and are also inherited. However, their involvement in neurodegenerative and carcinogenic diseases is still unclear. Furthermore, they are probably ubiquitous in food and they resemble bacterial plasmids in parts of their DNA and protein (Rep) sequence. In addition, a connection with bacterial viruses is also suspected. Ultimately, it is still unclear whether SPHINX/BMMF have an infectious capacity and what their host or target is.
Topics: Humans; Animals; DNA, Circular; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38927614
DOI: 10.3390/genes15060678 -
Biology May 2024This work aimed to study the genome organization and the metabolic potential of strain SCPM-O-B-9993, a promising plant-protecting and plant-stimulating strain isolated...
This work aimed to study the genome organization and the metabolic potential of strain SCPM-O-B-9993, a promising plant-protecting and plant-stimulating strain isolated from brown semi-desert soils with very high salinity. The strain genome contains a linear chromosome 5,968,715 bp long and has no plasmids. The genome contains 5331 coding sequences among which 2139 (40.1%) are functionally annotated. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites exhibiting antimicrobial properties (ohmyungsamycin, pellasoren, naringenin, and ansamycin) were identified in the genome. The most efficient period of SCPM-O-B-9993 strain cultivation was 72 h: during this period, the culture went from the exponential to the stationary growth phase as well as exhibited excellent phytostimulatory properties and antiviral activity against the cucumber mosaic virus in tomatoes under laboratory conditions. The SCPM-OB-9993 strain is a biotechnologically promising producer of secondary metabolites exhibiting antiviral and phytostimulatory properties.
PubMed: 38927268
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060388