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International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing...
Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing microbes, and one such plant extract is microwave-assisted extract (MA-OHE). The MA-OHE was loaded onto zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) and encapsulated in a Pickering emulsion system (MA-OHE/ZnAC PE) to evaluate its therapeutic potential against acne-inducing microbes. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize MA-OHE/ZnAC PE with a mean particle diameter of 353.97 nm and a PDI of 0.629. The antimicrobial effect of MA-OHE/ZnAC was evaluated against () and (), which contribute to acne inflammation. The antibacterial activity of MA-OHE/ZnAC was 0.1 and 0.025 mg/mL to and , respectively, which were close to naturally derived antibiotics. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of MA-OHE, ZnAC, and MA-OHE/ZnAC was tested, and the results showed that they had no cytotoxic effects on cultured human keratinocytes in a range of 10-100 μg/mL. Thus, MA-OHE/ZnAC is suggested to be a promising antimicrobial agent for treating acne-inducing microbes, while MA-OHE/ZnAC PE is a potentially advantageous dermal delivery system.
Topics: Humans; Emulsions; Staphylococcus aureus; Zinc; Acne Vulgaris; Keratinocytes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37298619
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119669 -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Cutibacterium avidum is an emerging causative agent of orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs). There are no guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of ODRI,...
Cutibacterium avidum is an emerging causative agent of orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs). There are no guidelines for the antimicrobial treatment of ODRI, but oral rifampin is frequently used in combination with a fluoroquinolone following intravenous antibiotics. We describe the emergence of combined resistance to rifampin and levofloxacin in a strain isolated from a patient with early-onset ODRI treated with debridement, antibiotic treatment, and implant retention (DAIR) using rifampin combined with levofloxacin as the oral treatment. Whole-genome sequencing of isolates before and after antibiotic exposure confirmed strain identity and identified new mutations in and , leading to amino acid substitutions previously reported to be associated with resistance to rifampin (S446P) and fluoroquinolones (S101L), respectively, in other microbial agents, in the posttherapy isolate. Aside from the molecular insights reported here, this study highlights potential limitations of the combination of oral rifampin and levofloxacin in patients undergoing a DAIR procedure for ODRI and the potential need to evaluate specific optimal therapy for emerging ODRI pathogens. In this study, we report for the first time the emergence of dual resistance to levofloxacin and rifampin in isolated from a patient who received both antibiotics orally in the setting of a salvage debridement and implant retention of an ODRI. Aside from the molecular insights reported here, this study highlights potential limitations of the combination of oral rifampin and levofloxacin in patients undergoing these surgical procedures and the potential need to evaluate specific optimal therapy for emerging ODRI pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Levofloxacin; Rifampin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Propionibacteriaceae; Fluoroquinolones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37289061
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03687-22 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Orthopaedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs) due to can be difficult to diagnose. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if metagenomic next-generation...
Orthopaedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs) due to can be difficult to diagnose. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) can provide additional information to improve the diagnosis of OIAIs. mNGS was performed on sonication fluid (SF) specimens derived from 24 implants. These were divided into three groups, based on culture results: group I, culture-negative (n = 4); group II, culture-positive for (n = 10); and group III, culture-positive for other bacteria (n = 10). In group I, sequence reads from were detected in only one SF sample, originating from a suspected case of OIAIs, which was SF and tissue culture-negative. In group II, sequences were detected in 7/10 samples. In group III, sequence reads were found in 5/10 samples, in addition to sequence reads that matched the bacterial species identified by culture. These samples could represent polymicrobial infections that were missed by culture. Taken together, mNGS was able to detect DNA in more samples compared to culture and could be used to identify cases of suspected OIAIs, in particular regarding possible polymicrobial infections, where the growth of might be compromised due to a fast-growing bacterial species. However, since SF specimens are usually low-biomass samples, mNGS is prone to DNA contamination, possibly introduced during DNA extraction or sequencing procedures. Thus, it is advisable to set a sequence read count threshold, taking into account project- and NGS-specific criteria.
Topics: Humans; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Orthopedics; Sonication; Coinfection; Pilot Projects; Propionibacterium acnes; Bacteria; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Metagenomics
PubMed: 37265503
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165017 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jan 2024A 77-year-old Japanese woman with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and uveitis was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. The bacterial flora in biopsied samples from mediastinal lymph...
A 77-year-old Japanese woman with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and uveitis was diagnosed with sarcoidosis. The bacterial flora in biopsied samples from mediastinal lymph nodes was analyzed using a clone library method with Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and Streptococcus gordonii (52 of 71 clones) and Cutibacterium acnes (19 of 71 clones) were detected. No previous study has conducted a bacterial floral analysis using the Sanger method for the mediastinal lymph node in sarcoidosis, making this case report the first to document the presence of S. gordonii and C. acnes in the mediastinal lymph node of a patient with sarcoidosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Streptococcus gordonii; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lymph Nodes; Sarcoidosis; Lymphadenopathy; Propionibacterium acnes; Clone Cells
PubMed: 37258161
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1887-23 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the...
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has risen rapidly, leading to a great threat to global public health. A promising solution to this problem is the exploitation of phage endolysins. In the present study, a putative N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine type-2 amidase (NALAA-2, EC 3.5.1.28) from bacteriophage PAC1 was characterized. The enzyme (Ami1) was cloned into a T7 expression vector and expressed in BL21 cells. Kinetics analysis using turbidity reduction assays allowed the determination of the optimal conditions for lytic activity against a range of Gram-positive and negative human pathogens. The peptidoglycan degradation activity of Ami1 was confirmed using isolated peptidoglycan from . The antibacterial activity of Ami1 was investigated using live cells growing on agar plates. Two engineered variants of Ami1 were designed by fusion to its N-terminus two short antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). One AMP was selected by searching the genomes of bacteriophages using bioinformatics tools, whereas the other AMP sequence was selected from the antimicrobial peptide databases. Both engineered variants exhibited improved lytic activity towards and the enterococci species and . The results of the present study suggest that Ami1 is a new antimicrobial agent and provide proof of concept that bacteriophage genomes are a rich source of AMP sequences that can be further exploited for designing novel or improved endolysins.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Peptidoglycan; Escherichia coli; Endopeptidases; Siphoviridae; Bacteriophages; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37239874
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108523 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of all cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past two decades, several studies have demonstrated the...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of all cancer diagnoses and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over the past two decades, several studies have demonstrated the clinical benefits of probiotic supplementation and some studies have shown that certain probiotics can modulate immunity and strengthen gut microbiota diversity. This study aims to assess the impact of the (PF) probiotic against CRC induced by azoxymethane (AOM), and to investigate its effects on gut microbiota diversity in rats, as well as to evaluate the anti-proliferative activities of PF in HCT116 CRC cells. This experiment was performed using four groups of SD rats: normal control, AOM group, PF group (1 × 10 CFU/mL), and standard drug control (5-fluorouracil, 35 mg/kg). Methylene blue staining of colon tissues showed that the administration of PF significantly reduced the formation of colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) compared to the AOM control group. In addition, treated rats had lower levels of malondialdehyde in their colon tissue homogenates, indicating that lipid peroxidation was suppressed by PF supplementation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that probiotic treatment enhanced the diversity of gut microbiota in rats. In vitro study showed that the viability of HCT116 cells was inhibited by the probiotic cell-free supernatant with an IC value of 13.3 ± 0.133. In conclusion, these results reveal that consuming PF as probiotic supplements modulates gut microbiota, inhibits the carcinogenic effects of AOM, and exerts anti-proliferative activity against CRC cells. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of PF on the immune response during the development and growth of CRC.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Azoxymethane; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37175785
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098080 -
Experimental Dermatology Jul 2023There are no drugs as effective as isotretinoin for acne. Deciphering the changes in the microbiome induced by isotretinoin in the pilosebaceous follicle of successfully...
There are no drugs as effective as isotretinoin for acne. Deciphering the changes in the microbiome induced by isotretinoin in the pilosebaceous follicle of successfully treated patients can pave the way to identify novel therapeutic alternatives. We determined how the follicular microbiome changes with isotretinoin and identified which alterations correlate with a successful treatment response. Whole genome sequencing was done on casts from facial follicles of acne patients sampled before, during and after isotretinoin treatment. Alterations in the microbiome were assessed and correlated with treatment response at 20 weeks as defined as a 2-grade improvement in global assessment score. We investigated the α-diversity, β-diversity, relative abundance of individual taxa, Cutibacterium acnes strain composition and bacterial metabolic profiles with a computational approach. We found that increased β-diversity of the microbiome coincides with a successful treatment response to isotretinoin at 20 weeks. Isotretinoin selectively altered C. acnes strain diversity in SLST A and D clusters, with increased diversity in D1 strains correlating with a successful clinical response. Isotretinoin significantly decreased the prevalence of KEGG Ontology (KO) terms associated with four distinct metabolic pathways inferring that follicular microbes may have limited capacity for growth or survival following treatment. Importantly, these alterations in microbial composition or metabolic profiles were not observed in patients that failed to achieve a successful response at 20 weeks. Alternative approaches to recapitulate this shift in the balance of C. acnes strains and microbiome metabolic function within the follicle may be beneficial in the future treatment of acne.
Topics: Humans; Isotretinoin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Microbiota; Bacteria
PubMed: 36999947
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14798 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2023Acne vulgaris is a complex skin disease involving infection by Cutibacterium acnes, inflammation, and hyperkeratinization. We evaluated the activity of the retinoid...
Acne vulgaris is a complex skin disease involving infection by Cutibacterium acnes, inflammation, and hyperkeratinization. We evaluated the activity of the retinoid 6-[3-(adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437) and 16 other retinoid analogs as potential anti- compounds and found that CD437 displayed the highest antimicrobial activity with an MIC against (ATCC 6919 and HM-513) of 1 μg/mL. CD437 demonstrated an MBC of 2 μg/mL compared to up to 64 μg/mL for the retinoid adapalene and up to 16 μg/mL for tetracycline, which are commonly used clinically to treat acne. Membrane permeability assays demonstrated that exposure of ATCC 6919 to CD437 damaged the integrity of ATCC 6919 bacterial membranes, and this finding was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, CD437 downregulated the expression of ATCC 6919 virulence factors, including the genes encoding Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen factor 1 (CAMP1), CAMP2, glycerol-ester hydrolase B (GehB), sialidase B, and neuraminidase. In a mouse skin infection model of ATCC 6919, topical treatment with CD437 ameliorated skin lesions and reduced the bacterial burden ( < 0.001). In human NHEK primary cells, CD437 reduced the transcriptional levels of the coding genes for inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1α, ~10-fold; interleukin-6, ~20-fold; interleukin-8, ~30-fold; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, ~6-fold) and downregulated the transcriptional levels of (~10-fold), (~4-fold), and (~2-fold), indicating that CD437 can diminish inflammation and hyperkeratinization. In summary, CD437 deserves further attention for its dual function as a potential acne therapeutic that potentially acts on both the pathogen and the host.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Humans; Retinoids; Acne Vulgaris; Cytokines; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Inflammation; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 36943064
DOI: 10.1128/aac.01679-22 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine High... 2023Herein described is a case of biofilm obstructing ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to infection in a patient with coccidioidal meningitis. infects and obstructs cerebral...
Herein described is a case of biofilm obstructing ventriculoperitoneal shunt due to infection in a patient with coccidioidal meningitis. infects and obstructs cerebral shunts by the production of biofilm; however, diagnosis is usually missed by routine aerobic cultures. Obtaining anaerobic cultures routinely in patients with foreign body implants leading to central nervous system infections could prevent a missed diagnosis of this pathogen. Penicillin G is the first-line treatment.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Biofilms; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt; Meningitis, Fungal
PubMed: 36905317
DOI: 10.1177/23247096231159810 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023The present study investigated the effect of topical application of (EPI-7) ferment filtrate, which is a postbiotic product of a novel on skin aging, by performing a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The present study investigated the effect of topical application of (EPI-7) ferment filtrate, which is a postbiotic product of a novel on skin aging, by performing a prospective randomized split-face clinical study on Asian woman participants. The investigators measured skin biophysical parameters, including skin barrier function, elasticity, and dermal density, and revealed that the application of the EPI-7 ferment filtrate-including test product resulted in significantly higher improvements in barrier function, skin elasticity, and dermal density compared to the placebo group. This study also investigated the influence of EPI-7 ferment filtrate on skin microbiome diversity to access its potential beneficial effects and safety. EPI-7 ferment filtrate increased the abundance of commensal microbes belonging to , , , , , , , , and . The abundance of was significantly increased along with significant changes in and abundance. Therefore, EPI-7 postbiotics, which contain the metabolite called orotic acid, ameliorate the skin microbiota linked with the aging phenotype of the skin. This study provides preliminary evidence that postbiotic therapy may affect the signs of skin aging and microbial diversity. To confirm the positive effect of EPI-7 postbiotics and microbial interaction, additional clinical investigations and functional analyses are required.
Topics: Humans; Skin Aging; Prospective Studies; Skin; Actinomycetales; Propionibacteriaceae
PubMed: 36902064
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054634