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Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Sep 2023This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and...
This study investigated the effects of using soy protein concentrate (SPC) to replace animal protein supplements on mucosa-associated microbiota, intestinal health, and growth performance of nursery pigs. Fifty-six newly weaned pigs (BW = 6.4 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed for 35 d in 3 phases (P; 1, 2, 3) for 10, 12, 13 d, respectively. Dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet with fish meal (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), poultry meal (P1: 10%, P2: 8%, and P3: 4%), and blood plasma (P1: 4%, P2: 2%, and P3: 1%), where SPC replacing none (NC); (2) basal diet with SPC replacing fish meal (RFM); (3) basal diet with SPC replacing poultry meal (RPM); (4) basal diet with SPC replacing blood plasma (RBP); and (5) basal diet with SPC replacing all animal protein supplements (PC). Growth performance was recorded for each phase. Pigs were euthanized on d 35 to collect jejunal mucosa and tissue to evaluate intestinal health and microbiota, and ileal digesta to measure apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Overall, RFM, RPM, and RBP did not affect growth performance, whereas PC decreased ( < 0.05) ADG and ADFI. The RPM increased ( < 0.05) and decreased ( < 0.05) . The PC decreased ( < 0.05) , whilst increasing ( < 0.05) , , and . The RFM tended to increase ( = 0.096) immunoglobulin A in the jejunum. The PC tended to decrease ( = 0.078) jejunal crypt cell proliferation. There were no differences in the villus height, AID of nutrients, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal oxidative stress among treatments. In conclusion, SPC can replace fish meal, poultry meal, or blood plasma individually without affecting growth performance and intestinal health, and AID of nutrients of nursery pigs. Particularly SPC replacing poultry meal benefitted intestinal health by reducing and increasing . However, SPC replacing all three animal protein supplements reduced growth of nursery pigs mainly by reducing feed intake.
PubMed: 37600837
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.007 -
PloS One 2023We identified a fragment (Domain 3-D3) of the immunodominant sporozoite surface glycoprotein of the zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium gp900, which is absent C. hominis...
We identified a fragment (Domain 3-D3) of the immunodominant sporozoite surface glycoprotein of the zoonotic parasite Cryptosporidium gp900, which is absent C. hominis and C. parvum anthroponosum. The fragment is highly antigenic and is able to effectively differentiate between zoonotic C. parvum and species/genotypes that infect preferentially humans. D3 detection provides a serological tool to determine whether the source of human cryptosporidiosis is of animal or human origin. We demonstrate this in experimentally challenged piglets, mice, rats, and alpaca. We speculate that the absence of this fragment from the C. hominis and C. parvum anthroponosum gp900 protein may play a key role in their host restriction.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Rats; Swine; Cryptosporidium parvum; Cryptosporidium; Cryptosporidiosis; Glycoproteins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Camelids, New World; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37590269
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287997 -
Italian Journal of Dermatology and... Aug 2023Condylomata are a manifestation of HPV infection of the ano-genital epithelium. Recurrence is frequent after any type of treatment (from 20% up to 50%). We assessed the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Condylomata are a manifestation of HPV infection of the ano-genital epithelium. Recurrence is frequent after any type of treatment (from 20% up to 50%). We assessed the use of a gel containing panthenol, tocopheryl acetate and Propionibacterium extract in the treatment of anal warts.
METHODS
Enrollment period was from January 15 to June 15, 2018. Main exclusion criteria were immunodepression, extensive condylomatosis and other treatments (topical/ablative) in the previous six months.
RESULTS
Seventy-nine patients were included. Median age was 33 years (19-65), 72.2% were males. Median number of partners and symptoms duration were 6 (1-98) and 3 months (1-18), respectively. Almost all cases had perianal disease (97.5%), while endoanal warts were present in 51.9% of cases. After 30 days of treatment, complete regression occurred in 17 (21.5%) patients, while partial or absent response was reported in 36 (45.6%) and 26 (32.9%) cases, respectively. Forty-seven (59.5%) patients underwent a second month of topical therapy. After a 6-month follow-up, complete or partial response was reported in 53 (67.1%) patients, while in 26 (32.9%) cases the disease remained stable or even worsened. Nineteen (24.1%) patients required cryotherapy, 23 (29.1%) surgical excision, while 2 (2.5%) needed both cryotherapy and surgery. Absence of clinical response was associated with a number of partners ≥10 and symptoms duration of 6 months or shorter (P<0.001 and P=0.050).
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, the gel containing P. acnes lysate was a safe topical treatment for perianal and endoanal condylomata and could help to overcome HPV infection. A high number of partners and short symptoms duration appeared to worsen the outcome.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Propionibacterium acnes; Treatment Outcome; Condylomata Acuminata; Administration, Topical
PubMed: 37539504
DOI: 10.23736/S2784-8671.23.07598-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023, one of the most abundant skin microbes found in the sebaceous gland, is known to contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when its strains become imbalanced. The...
, one of the most abundant skin microbes found in the sebaceous gland, is known to contribute to the development of acne vulgaris when its strains become imbalanced. The current limitations of acne treatment using antibiotics have caused an urgent need to develop a systematic strategy for selectively targeting , which can be achieved by characterizing their cellular behaviors under various skin environments. To this end, we developed a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) of virulent , CA843, based on the genome information of a relevant strain from ribotype 5 to comprehensively understand the pathogenic traits of in the skin environment. We validated the model qualitatively by demonstrating its accuracy prediction of propionate and acetate production patterns, which were consistent with experimental observations. Additionally, we identified unique biosynthetic pathways for short-chain fatty acids in compared to other GEMs of acne-inducing skin pathogens. By conducting constraint-based flux analysis under endogenous carbon sources in human skin, we discovered that the Wood-Werkman cycle is highly activated under acnes-associated skin condition for the regeneration of NAD, resulting in enhanced propionate production. Finally, we proposed potential anti- targets by using the model-guided systematic framework based on gene essentiality analysis and protein sequence similarity search with abundant skin microbiome taxa.
Topics: Humans; Propionates; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Microbiota
PubMed: 37520435
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1099314 -
Pharmaceutics Jul 2023Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease characterized by increased sebum production, inflammation, and (CA: formerly ) hyperproliferation in pilosebaceous follicles....
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease characterized by increased sebum production, inflammation, and (CA: formerly ) hyperproliferation in pilosebaceous follicles. This study evaluated the efficacy of FRO, a formula composed of fermented Stokes and , against acne pathogenesis via antimicrobial assessment and an in vitro analysis. Stimulated model cells treated with hormones, CA, or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were designed based on the characteristics of acne pathogenesis, including inflammation and sebum hypersecretion. High-performance liquid chromatography, disc diffusion, MTS, and western blotting assays were used to examine potential anti-acne effects. FRO was determined to contain phenolics such as gallic acid, fisetin, quercetin, and kaempferol. FRO exerted antimicrobial activity against CA and inhibited reactive oxygen species production that was otherwise increased by LPS or CA in HaCaT cells. Additionally, FRO exerted anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, p-STAT-3, and p-NF-κB, which were previously upregulated by LPS or CA in THP-1 and HaCaT cells. FRO inhibited lipogenesis induced by steroid hormones and CA by decreasing FAS and SREBP-1 levels in sebocytes. Additionally, FRO down-regulated the androgen receptor, 5α-reductase, SREBP-1, and FAS levels, which were upregulated by steroid hormone in LNCaP cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that FRO alleviates acne by inhibiting the growth of CA, inflammation, and excess sebum and could be used for functional cosmetics or acne treatments.
PubMed: 37514071
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071885 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jan 2024Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease...
Cutibacterium acnes is a commensal bacterium on the skin that is generally well-tolerated, but different strain types have been hypothesized to contribute to the disease acne vulgaris. To understand how some strain types might contribute to skin inflammation, we generated a repository of C. acnes isolates from skin swabs of healthy subjects and subjects with acne and assessed their strain-level identity and capacity to stimulate cytokine release. Phylotype II K-type strains were more frequent on healthy and nonlesional skin of subjects with acne than those isolated from lesions. Phylotype IA-1 C-type strains were increased on lesional skin compared with those on healthy skin. The capacity to induce cytokines from cultured monocyte-derived dendritic cells was opposite to this action on sebocytes and keratinocytes and did not correlate with the strain types associated with the disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a linear plasmid in high-inflammatory isolates within similar strain types that had different proinflammatory responses. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse skin after intradermal injection showed that strains containing this plasmid induced a higher inflammatory response in dermal fibroblasts. These findings revealed that C. acnes strain type is insufficient to predict inflammation and that carriage of a plasmid could contribute to disease.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Humans; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Dermatitis; Propionibacterium acnes; Plasmids; Inflammation; Cytokines
PubMed: 37478901
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.029 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... Jul 2023Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, with limited therapeutic options. Chronic sarcoidosis can result in pulmonary fibrosis and can be lethal....
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, with limited therapeutic options. Chronic sarcoidosis can result in pulmonary fibrosis and can be lethal. Enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-17A (IL-17A), has been observed in sarcoid granulomas in humans. However, the role of IL-17A in the pathogenesis of chronic sarcoidosis or sarcoidosis-related pulmonary fibrosis and its potential therapeutic effects remain unclear. This study investigated whether IL-17A is critical in granulomatosis and its role in chronic inflammation in a profibrotic manner. Wild-type and IL-17A-knockout C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly challenged with heat-killed (PA) to induce sarcoidosis-like granulomata and sarcoidosis-related pulmonary fibrosis. Wild-type mice with granulomatosis were treated with anti-IL-17A antibody. Administration of PA enhanced the expression of IL-17A, granulomatosis, and fibrosis in mouse lungs after boost stimulation. Neither granulomata nor fibrosis were observed in IL-17A-knockout mice, even in the presence of interferon-γ enhancement. Neutralizing IL-17A antibody reduced inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and ameliorated both granulomatosis and fibrosis in sarcoidosis mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IL-17A plays a critical role in PA-induced sarcoidosis-like inflammation in both granulomatosis inflammation and disease progression to pulmonary fibrosis, thus providing novel insights into the treatment of chronic sarcoidosis or sarcoidosis-related pulmonary fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Granuloma; Inflammation; Interleukin-17; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Propionibacterium acnes; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 37452708
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231182224 -
Cureus Jun 2023Several articles support the use of cancellous iliac crest bone grafting in the treatment of clavicle nonunion; however, there is very little literature on the use of...
Several articles support the use of cancellous iliac crest bone grafting in the treatment of clavicle nonunion; however, there is very little literature on the use of tricortical iliac crest grafts in the setting of clavicle nonunion with bone loss. When it has been studied, tricortical grafting has been shown to produce radiologically confirmed union in the clavicle, leaving patients satisfied with the ultimate outcome. We present two cases of clavicle fracture nonunion successfully treated with tricortical interposition bone grafting. In the first case, a 45-year-old female presented with an atrophic left midshaft clavicle fracture nonunion with failed hardware that had undergone two previous attempts at fixation without achieving union. She was treated with a structural interposition iliac crest bone graft with plate fixation and regained full painless function of the arm with radiographic fracture union. In the second case, a 50-year-old male presented after a left midshaft clavicle fracture that had undergone acute stabilization, followed by revision for nonunion that was unsuccessful, resulting in persistent nonunion with bone loss. He was treated with a tricortical iliac crest bone graft and plate fixation. Cultures from the time of surgery did grow and and he was treated with intravenous vancomycin for six weeks. The patient's clavicle went on to union and he regained full, painless function by his six-month follow-up visit. These cases demonstrate the use of tricortical interposition bone grafting with compression plating as a viable option for rare instances in which previous surgical intervention has failed to progress a midshaft clavicle fracture to union.
PubMed: 37440817
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40265 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023Severe acne has high psychological impacts recorded worldwide, from depression to suicide. To control acne infection, bacteriophage could be used in synergy or...
Severe acne has high psychological impacts recorded worldwide, from depression to suicide. To control acne infection, bacteriophage could be used in synergy or combination with antibiotics/antimicrobials. Bacteriophages are specific to their hosts without interfering with the normal skin microbes and have the ability to lyse bacterial cells. In this current study, the bacteriophage PAP 1-1 was isolated, characterized, and tested against the pathogenic acne-causing bacterium . Examination under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the newly isolated phage has a morphology typical of siphoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm based on complete genome sequences, revealed that PAP 1-1 clustered together with bacteriophages active to (now known as ), forming a distinct evolutionary lineage. The genomic analysis further identified the presence of an endolysin gene in PAP 1-1, suggesting its potential to regulate the growth of . Subsequent experiments conducted in RCM broth confirmed the ability of PAP 1-1 to effectively control the proliferation of . In combination with bacteriocin from CJNU 3001 and nisin, PAP 1-1 greatly decreased the viable cell counts of in the broth.
PubMed: 37370354
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061035 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing...
Acne is a common skin condition caused by the growth of certain bacteria. Many plant extracts have been investigated for their potential to combat acne-inducing microbes, and one such plant extract is microwave-assisted extract (MA-OHE). The MA-OHE was loaded onto zinc-aminoclay (ZnAC) and encapsulated in a Pickering emulsion system (MA-OHE/ZnAC PE) to evaluate its therapeutic potential against acne-inducing microbes. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize MA-OHE/ZnAC PE with a mean particle diameter of 353.97 nm and a PDI of 0.629. The antimicrobial effect of MA-OHE/ZnAC was evaluated against () and (), which contribute to acne inflammation. The antibacterial activity of MA-OHE/ZnAC was 0.1 and 0.025 mg/mL to and , respectively, which were close to naturally derived antibiotics. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of MA-OHE, ZnAC, and MA-OHE/ZnAC was tested, and the results showed that they had no cytotoxic effects on cultured human keratinocytes in a range of 10-100 μg/mL. Thus, MA-OHE/ZnAC is suggested to be a promising antimicrobial agent for treating acne-inducing microbes, while MA-OHE/ZnAC PE is a potentially advantageous dermal delivery system.
Topics: Humans; Emulsions; Staphylococcus aureus; Zinc; Acne Vulgaris; Keratinocytes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Plant Extracts; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37298619
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119669