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Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Jun 2024Objective To assess the influences of self-and interviewer-administered methods on the scores of anxiety and depression questionnaires among the patients with sports...
Objective To assess the influences of self-and interviewer-administered methods on the scores of anxiety and depression questionnaires among the patients with sports injuries.Methods A total of 532 participants with sports injuries treated in the Sports Medicine Center of West China Hospital,Sichuan University from November 2022 to May 2023 were included.They were randomly assigned to either the interviewer-administered group (=270) or the self-administered group (=262) to complete the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) scales.The total scores and prevalence rates of anxiety and depression were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in gender,occupation,or surgical site between the two groups (all >0.05).The self-administered group had higher scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales than the interviewer-administered group (<0.001,<0.001).A greater proportion of participants in the self-administered group than in the interview-administered group met the criteria for mild to moderate anxiety and depression (<0.001,=0.002).The prevalence rates of moderate to severe anxiety (GAD-7≥10) and depression (PHQ-9≥10) showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (=0.761,=0.086).Conclusion This study demonstrates that the participants in the self-administered group are more likely to report mild to moderate symptoms of anxiety and depression than those in the interviewer-administered group.
Topics: Humans; Surveys and Questionnaires; Depression; Female; Anxiety; Male; Adult; Athletic Injuries; China; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 38953255
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503X.15839 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Acute and long-term health impacts from flooding related toxic chemical releases are a significant local health concern and can disproportionately impact communities...
INTRODUCTION
Acute and long-term health impacts from flooding related toxic chemical releases are a significant local health concern and can disproportionately impact communities with vulnerable populations; reliable release data are needed to quantify this hazard.
METHODS
In this paper, we analyze US Federal Emergency Management Agency designated floodplain data and US Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data to determine if geographically manipulated databases adhere to Benford's Law.
RESULTS
We investigated multiple variants and discovered pollution releases adhere to Benford's Law and tests which thereby validates the self-reported toxic release dataset.
DISCUSSION
We find that Benford's Law applies to self-reported toxic chemical release and disposal data, indicating a lack of widespread data errors or manipulation.
Topics: Humans; Self Report; United States; Floods; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Chemical Hazard Release; Hazardous Substances
PubMed: 38952724
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342510 -
Psychology Research and Behavior... 2024This narrative review study seeks to consolidate the existing knowledge on motivational factors that influence marathon and ultramarathon runners. The primary aim is to... (Review)
Review
This narrative review study seeks to consolidate the existing knowledge on motivational factors that influence marathon and ultramarathon runners. The primary aim is to collect and summarize the understanding of the factors that drive both marathon and ultramarathon runners. Furthermore the review seeks to explore how variables like gender, age and experience impact motivational drivers within these running communities to highlight the intricate nature of factors, in endurance running and stress the significance of tailored training approaches and community backing to enhance participation and achievement. The study aimed to thoroughly review research papers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. After the evaluation of 302 publications that could potentially be relevant, 61 papers were selected for inclusion in the review. The investigation uncovers unique motivating patterns within these endurance sports communities. The desire for good health, physical fitness, and social interaction drives marathon runners. Their motivations develop as they train and become more involved in the running community. On the other hand, ultramarathon runners are motivated by internal psychological variables like self-esteem and personal exploration, which are significantly shaped by the ultramarathon community's impact on their identity and running approach. Additional research indicates that gender, age, and experience affect the motivational elements in both groups differently. Specifically, experienced ultramarathon runners prioritize personal achievements and health more than time. This review underscores the intricacy of motivating elements in endurance running, highlighting the necessity for tailored methodologies in training and communal assistance to cultivate involvement and achievement.
PubMed: 38952700
DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S464053 -
JMIR Public Health and Surveillance Jun 2024Behavioral differences exist between countries, regions, and religions. With rapid development in recent decades, an increasing number of international immigrants from...
BACKGROUND
Behavioral differences exist between countries, regions, and religions. With rapid development in recent decades, an increasing number of international immigrants from different regions with different religions have settled in China. The degrees to which sexual behaviors-particularly risky sexual behaviors-differ by religion and geographical areas are not known.
OBJECTIVE
We aim to estimate the associations of religion and geographical areas with sexual behaviors of international immigrants and provide evidence for promoting the sexual health of international immigrants.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted via the internet with a snowball sampling method among international immigrants in China. In our study, risky sexual behaviors included having multiple sexual partners and engaging in unprotected sex. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the basic characteristics of international immigrants as well as their sexual behaviors, religious affiliations, and geographical regions of origin. Multivariate binary logistic regression analyses with multiplicative and additive interactions were used to identify aspects of religion and geography that were associated with risky sexual behaviors among international immigrants.
RESULTS
A total of 1433 international immigrants were included in the study. South Americans and nonreligious immigrants were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors, and Asian and Buddhist immigrants were less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. The majority of the Muslims had sexually transmitted infection and HIV testing experiences; however, Muslims had a low willingness to do these tests in the future. The multivariate analysis showed that Muslim (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.453, 95% CI 0.228-0.897), Hindu (AOR 0.280, 95% CI 0.082-0.961), and Buddhist (AOR 0.097, 95% CI 0.012-0.811) immigrants were less likely to report engaging in unprotected sexual behaviors. Buddhist immigrants (AOR 0.292, 95% CI 0.086-0.990) were also less likely to have multiple sexual partners. With regard to geography, compared to Asians, South Americans (AOR 2.642, 95% CI 1.034-6.755), Europeans (AOR 2.310, 95% CI 1.022-5.221), and North Africans (AOR 3.524, 95% CI 1.104-11.248) had a higher probability of having multiple sexual partners.
CONCLUSIONS
The rates of risky sexual behaviors among international immigrants living in China differed depending on their religions and geographical areas of origin. South Americans and nonreligious immigrants were more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors. It is necessary to promote measures, including HIV self-testing, pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation, and targeted sexual health education, among international immigrants in China.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; China; Male; Female; Adult; Emigrants and Immigrants; Sexual Behavior; Risk-Taking; Religion; Geography; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult
PubMed: 38952026
DOI: 10.2196/44616 -
BMC Neurology Jun 2024The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) measures the self-confidence of the individual in functional activities after a stroke. The SSEQ is a self-report scale...
BACKGROUND
The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) measures the self-confidence of the individual in functional activities after a stroke. The SSEQ is a self-report scale with 13 items that assess self-efficacy after a stroke in several functional domains.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose was to translate the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire into Urdu Language and to find out the validity and reliability of Urdu SSEQ among stroke patients.
METHODS
The cross-cultural validation study design was used. Following COSMIN guidelines, forward and backward translation protocols were adopted. After pilot testing on 10 stroke patients, the final Urdu version was drafted. A sample of 110 stroke patients was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SSEQ-U. Content and Concurrent validity were determined. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha were used to measure internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS
The final version was drafted after application on 10 stroke patients. Content validity was analyzed by a content validity index ranging from 0.87 to 1. The internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.80). Test-retest reliability was determined by the Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC=0.956). Concurrent validity was determined by correlations with other scales by using the Spearman correlation coefficient; moderate to strong correlations (positive and negative) were found with the Functional Independence Measure (r = 0.76), Beck Depression Inventory (r=-0.54), Short Form of 12-item Scale (r = 0.68) and Fall Efficacy Scale (r = 0.82) with p < 0.05.
CONCLUSION
The Urdu version was linguistically acceptable and accurate for stroke survivors for determining self-efficacy. It showed good content and concurrent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Stroke; Self Efficacy; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Aged; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Adult; Psychometrics; Translations; Language
PubMed: 38951800
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03704-1 -
Communications Biology Jun 2024Light is a significant factor for living organisms with photosystems, like microbial rhodopsin-a retinal protein that functions as an ion pump, channel, and sensory...
Light is a significant factor for living organisms with photosystems, like microbial rhodopsin-a retinal protein that functions as an ion pump, channel, and sensory transduction. Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421, has a proton-pumping rhodopsin gene, the Gloeobacter rhodopsin (GR). The helix-turn-helix family of transcriptional regulators has various motifs, and they regulate gene expression in the presence of various metal ions. Here, we report that active proton outward pumping rhodopsin interacted with the helix-turn-helix transcription regulator and regulated gene expression. This interaction is confirmed using ITC analysis (K of 8 μM) and determined the charged residues required. During in vitro experiments using fluorescent and luciferase reporter systems, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the self-regulation of G. violaceus transcriptional regulator (GvTcR) are regulated by light, and gene regulation is observed in G. violaceus using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results expand our understanding of the natural potential and limitations of microbial rhodopsin function.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Light; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Transcription Factors; Cyanobacteria; Proton Pumps; Bacterial Proteins; Rhodopsins, Microbial; Rhodopsin
PubMed: 38951607
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06471-4 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2024To assess malnutrition contribution to the functional status and health related quality of life after hospitalization due to COVID-19 pneumonia, 66 selected adults...
To assess malnutrition contribution to the functional status and health related quality of life after hospitalization due to COVID-19 pneumonia, 66 selected adults referred for physical rehabilitation accepted to participate in the study; none of them required oxygen supply or had history of lung/musculoskeletal/neurological/immune/rheumatic disease or trauma, or contraindication for respiratory-function tests. At three evaluations, with 3 months in-between, assessments included: self-report of functional status, the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, spirometry, the 6-min-walk-test, the MRC-scale, the 30-s sit-to-stand-test, the timed-up-and-go-test, nutritional status, and ultrasound imaging (vastus medialis and diaphragm). At referral, patients had nutritional deficits with protein deficiency, which gradually improved; while muscle thickness (of both vastus medialis and diaphragm) increased, along with muscle strength and mobility (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Contrarywise, the distance covered during the 6-min-walk-test decreased (ANOVA, p < 0.05), with a negative influence from excess body mass. During rehabilitation, health-related quality of life and functional status improved, with negative influence from a history of tobacco use and referral delay, respectively. After hospitalization due to COVID-19, early diagnosis of both protein deficiency and decrease of skeletal muscle thickness could be relevant for rehabilitation, while pondering the negative impact of excess body mass on submaximal exercise performance.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Quality of Life; Male; Female; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Functional Status; Nutritional Status; SARS-CoV-2; Adult; Hospitalization; Muscle Strength; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38951534
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65698-7 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Compared with older women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger women are more likely to die of breast cancer and more likely to suffer psychosocially in both the...
Helping ourselves, helping others: the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) - a multisite prospective cohort study to advance the understanding of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 40 years and younger.
PURPOSE
Compared with older women diagnosed with breast cancer, younger women are more likely to die of breast cancer and more likely to suffer psychosocially in both the short-term and long term. The Young Women's Breast Cancer Study (YWS) is a multisite prospective cohort study established to address gaps in our knowledge about this vulnerable and understudied population.
PARTICIPANTS
The YWS enrolled 1302 women newly diagnosed with stages 0-IV breast cancer at age 40 years or younger at 13 academic and community sites in North America between 2006 and 2016. Longitudinal patient-reported outcome data are complemented by clinical data abstraction and biospecimen collection at multiple timepoints.
FINDINGS TO DATE
Key findings related to fertility include that nearly 40% of participants were interested in pregnancy following diagnosis; of those who reported interest, 10% pursued fertility preservation. Overall, approximately 10% of YWS participants became pregnant in the first 5 years after diagnosis; follow-up is ongoing for pregnancies after 5 years. Studies focused on psychosocial outcomes have characterised quality of life, post-traumatic stress and fear of recurrence, with findings detailing the factors associated with the substantial psychosocial burden many young women face during and following active treatment. Multiple studies have leveraged YWS biospecimens, including whole-exome sequencing of tumour analyses that revealed that select somatic alterations occur at different frequencies in young (age≤35) versus older women with luminal A breast cancer, and a study that explored clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential found it to be rare in young survivors.
FUTURE PLANS
With a median follow-up of approximately 10 years, the cohort is just maturing for many relevant long-term outcomes and provides outstanding opportunities to further study and build collaborations to address gaps in our knowledge, with the ultimate objective to improve care and outcomes for young women with breast cancer.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT01468246.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Adult; Quality of Life; Young Adult; Pregnancy; Fertility Preservation; North America; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 38951008
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081157 -
BMJ Open Jul 2024Spirometry is a point-of-care lung function test that helps support the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic lung disease. The quality and interpretation accuracy of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparing performance of primary care clinicians in the interpretation of SPIROmetry with or without Artificial Intelligence Decision support software (SPIRO-AID): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
INTRODUCTION
Spirometry is a point-of-care lung function test that helps support the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic lung disease. The quality and interpretation accuracy of spirometry is variable in primary care. This study aims to evaluate whether artificial intelligence (AI) decision support software improves the performance of primary care clinicians in the interpretation of spirometry, against reference standard (expert interpretation).
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
A parallel, two-group, statistician-blinded, randomised controlled trial of primary care clinicians in the UK, who refer for, or interpret, spirometry. People with specialist training in respiratory medicine to consultant level were excluded. A minimum target of 228 primary care clinician participants will be randomised with a 1:1 allocation to assess fifty de-identified, real-world patient spirometry sessions through an online platform either with (intervention group) or without (control group) AI decision support software report. Outcomes will cover primary care clinicians' spirometry interpretation performance including measures of technical quality assessment, spirometry pattern recognition and diagnostic prediction, compared with reference standard. Clinicians' self-rated confidence in spirometry interpretation will also be evaluated. The primary outcome is the proportion of the 50 spirometry sessions where the participant's preferred diagnosis matches the reference diagnosis. Unpaired t-tests and analysis of covariance will be used to estimate the difference in primary outcome between intervention and control groups.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This study has been reviewed and given favourable opinion by Health Research Authority Wales (reference: 22/HRA/5023). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, presented at relevant national and international conferences, disseminated through social media, patient and public routes and directly shared with stakeholders.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT05933694.
Topics: Humans; Spirometry; Artificial Intelligence; Primary Health Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Software; United Kingdom; Decision Support Systems, Clinical
PubMed: 38950987
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086736 -
Cancer Medicine Jul 2024Distress during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected also cancer patients' well-being. Aim of this study was to investigate patient' reactions and behavior (flexible-adaptive...
The emotional states and associated behavioral responses (flexible-adaptive behaviors vs. inflexible-maladaptive behaviors) of cancer patients during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: A multi-center cross-sectional study in Italy.
OBJECTIVE
Distress during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affected also cancer patients' well-being. Aim of this study was to investigate patient' reactions and behavior (flexible-adaptive vs. inflexible-maladaptive) during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey was designed with a self-report questionnaire, "the ImpACT questionnaire," developed for the study. Regression analysis was performed on data.
RESULTS
Four hundred and forty five cancer patients from 17 Italian regions participated in the study. 79.8% of participants were female (mean age of 58 years). 92.6% of participants reported feeling vulnerable to COVID-19 contagion; 75.6% reported helpless, 62.7% sad, 60.4% anxious, and 52.0% anger. Avoidance of thinking about coronavirus is the principal maladaptive behavior that emerged. Participants who reported feeling anxious were more likely to have fear of staff being infected with COVID-19 (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.49-6.30) and to have disrupted sleep due to worry (OR = 2.42; 95% CI = 1.23-4.83). Younger participants reported more anxiety (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.94-1.00); men reported feeling calm more than women (OR = 2.60; 95% CI = 1.27-5.43).
CONCLUSIONS
Majority of cancer patients reported serious concerns regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection; reliable information and psychological support must be offers to respond to these needs.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Female; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Italy; Neoplasms; SARS-CoV-2; Aged; Anxiety; Adaptation, Psychological; Emotions; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adult; Fear
PubMed: 38949180
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7442