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F1000Research 2022The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this anatomical study was to perform the morphometry of dried lumbar vertebrae in human cadavers.
METHODS
This study utilized 200 adult human cadaveric dried lumbar vertebrae. The digital Vernier calipers was used to perform the measurements. The height, antero-posterior length, transverse length of the body of the vertebrae, interpedicular distance at the lateral ends, lamina length, height and thickness, superior and inferior articular facet height and width, mid sagittal and transverse diameter of vertebral foramen, height, width and thickness of the pars inter-articularis were measured.
RESULTS
The vertebral body's anteroposterior length was more at the lower border than at the superior border ( 0.01). The length of lamina was higher over the right in comparison to the left (p < 0.001). The height of lamina, width of inferior articular facet, diameter of lateral recess and thickness of pars inter-articularis were greater for the left sided specimens ( 0.01). The statistical significance was not observed for the comparison of the remaining parameters ( 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This anatomical study offered several dimensions of lumbar vertebrae, which are essential in the surgical practice. The implants at the lumbar vertebrae need to be manufactured based on the anatomical dimensions of that particular sample population.
PubMed: 37990689
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126879.2 -
Understanding the Columnar Lined Esophagus and Its Variations in Length With Age: A Cadaveric Study.Cureus Sep 2023Introduction Columnar lined epithelium (CLE) of the esophagus holds particular importance in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE). In Asia, the prevalence of BE ranges...
Introduction Columnar lined epithelium (CLE) of the esophagus holds particular importance in diagnosing Barrett's esophagus (BE). In Asia, the prevalence of BE ranges from 0.06% to 6.2%. In India, prevalence estimates vary from 2.6% to 23%. The frequency of esophageal adenocarcinoma has also been observed to be increasing alarmingly over the past few decades. The length of CLE as a criterion for diagnosing BE is the subject of considerable debate. Changes in CLE length among different age groups may exist. Our study aims to measure the length of CLE, or the distance between the angle of His and the Z Line (AZ distance), in normal individuals from Northeast India, and to analyze its variation across different age groups. Materials and methods The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy and the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology at Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India, during the period 2017-2019. Once opened, each specimen was laid flat on a board. The distance between the A and Z lines was measured using a pair of vernier calipers. This distance was recorded as the AZ distance in millimeters (mm). Results The mean AZ Distance was found to be 12.4 ± 5.3 mm. A significant correlation between age and AZ distance was observed. Conclusion Our present study suggests that the length of the CLE increases with age. This observation offers an opportunity to revisit or revise the diagnostic criteria based on CLE length, taking into account the age of the individual.
PubMed: 37900420
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46095 -
Journal of Taibah University Medical... Feb 2024Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and...
OBJECTIVES
Identification of humans has medicolegal relevance in civil issues involving property inheritance, marriage, contested sex, admission to educational institutions, and the disappearance of individuals. To determine the sex of human remains, forensic anthropologists usually use morphologic and metric approaches. This study was conducted to determine stature and sex according to mandibular dimensions in postmortem autopsy samples.
METHODS
A total of 150 mandibles from people 18-65 years of age were studied. Stature and sex were noted, and six mandibular measurements were taken with Vernier calipers, flexible measuring tape, a protractor, and a graduated autopsy table. Statistical analysis of the measured parameters was conducted in SPSS software. Statistical parameters, such as mean, standard deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, stepwise regression, and Mann-Whitney U test were analyzed.
RESULTS
Bicondylar width was the stature estimation predictor with the strongest correlation (r = 0.439). The other parameters significantly associated with stature were bigonial width (p = 0.000), mandibular angle (p = 0.004), and mandibular arch length (p = 0.000), according to Spearman's correlation coefficient. The mandibular angle had the greatest dimorphic statistical significance (p = 0.004) according to the Mann-Whitney U test.
CONCLUSION
Bicondylar width may serve as a valuable tool for estimating stature, and mandibular angle can be used to identify sex. Our findings may help forensic anthropologists estimate stature and identify human remains.
PubMed: 37868104
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.09.007 -
Early Human Development Nov 2023Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
BACKGROUND
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is considered a biomarker of prenatal androgen activity, the prenatal hormone exposure may affect children's psychology and behavior.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between 2D:4D ratio and behavior problems in Chinese preschool children, and to provide ideas for early intervention of children's behavior problems.
METHODS
A total of 548 Chinese preschool children aged 3-6 years were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to assess the children's behavior. Basic information of the children and their parents was also collected, finger length was directly measured by electronic vernier caliper.
RESULTS
We found that sex and age of the child, mother's educational level, and whether the child was an only child were the influencing factors of behavior problems (P < 0.05). Right-handed 2D:4D was negatively correlated with parent-reported anxiety/depression (P < 0.05), father-reported aggression (P < 0.05) and attention problems (P < 0.01), that is, high levels of testosterone may increase the risk of anxiety and depression, our results were in contrast to previous studies.
CONCLUSION
The 2D:4D ratio may be related to behavior problems among Chinese preschool children, and prenatal testosterone exposure may be an important factor affecting behavior problems.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Androgens; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Fingers; Problem Behavior; Testosterone; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 37797473
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2023.105871 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2023: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). :...
: This study was planned to investigate the anti-arthritic property of flowers of in a Sprague-Dawley rat model by administering Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA). : Arthritis was induced at day 0 in all rats except negative controls, while arthritic progress and paw edema were analyzed on specific days (8th, 13th, 18th, and 23rd) via the macroscopic arthritic scale and a digital Vernier caliper, respectively. Histopathological parameters were examined using a Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Blood samples were withdrawn from rats to investigate the effects of the flower on the mRNA expression values of inflammatory markers, via a reverse transcription PCR technique. Serum samples were used to determine prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Values of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and urea, besides hematological parameters, i.e., the hemoglobin (Hb) content and complete blood count (CBC), were investigated. : The data showed that inhibited the arthritic progress and ameliorated the paw edema. The amelioration of parameters assessed via the histopathological analysis of ankle joints, as well as via hematological analysis, confirmed the diminution of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the plant-treated groups. Treatment with inhibited the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and MMP-3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Serum PGE2 levels were also found to be reduced in treatment groups. A biochemical investigation revealed the improvements in hepatic markers in plant-treated groups. The data indicated that the plant has no hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effects at the studied dose. GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis displayed the presence of phytochemicals having known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. : Therefore, it may be concluded that possesses anti-arthritic characteristics that could be attributed to the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MMPs, and PGE2 levels.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Cytokines; Eichhornia; Dinoprostone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Metalloproteases; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37763713
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091594 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2023The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare the scanning accuracy of two different intra-oral scanners- MEDIT i500 and TRIOS 3 shape in reproducing orthodontic bracket dimensions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This in vivo cross-sectional study comprised seven subjects with a full complement of permanent dentition without third molars. Complete arch scanning was carried out with two intraoral scanners, such as MEDIT i500, TRIOS 3 shape, after bonding with brackets. The control group consisted of bracket dimensions measured directly by using Vernier calipers before bonding. Bracket dimensions of three-dimensional (3D) images were measured by using OrthoAnalyzer software. The accuracy of intraoral scanning was investigated by comparing bracket dimensions among the three groups using One-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test, and by evaluating outcomes for each quadrant and an individual tooth in complete-arch scans.
RESULTS
When comparing bracket dimensions of 3D images with manual measurements using a traditional Vernier caliper, MEDIT i500 showed no significant difference when compared to the control group (p>0.05) in full arch scanning as well as the quadrant and single tooth scans in complete arch scanning. TRIOS 3 shape showed a significant difference when compared to the control and MEDIT i500 group (p<0.05) for all parameters.
CONCLUSIONS
MEDIT i500 showed higher accuracy and better reproduction of orthodontic bracket dimensions than TRIOS 3 shape.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Orthodontic Brackets; Molar, Third; Object Attachment; Radionuclide Imaging
PubMed: 37750618
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202309_33548 -
Cureus Aug 2023For symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), a wide range of therapeutic approaches have been suggested. To minimize discomfort and symptoms among individuals with...
Comparing the Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy and Topical Steroid Therapy Combination Regimen With Routine Topical Steroid Therapy in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus Symptomatic Patients.
BACKGROUND
For symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), a wide range of therapeutic approaches have been suggested. To minimize discomfort and symptoms among individuals with symptomatic OLP, extensive therapy is frequently needed. Therefore, finding a new therapeutic approach that may effectively manage OLP's symptoms and signs while having few adverse effects continues to be a difficult task. Recently, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has become a popular alternative therapy option for OLP with no serious side effects.
AIM
The present research was designed to compare the effectiveness of a combination regimen of LLLT in addition to topical steroids with routine topical steroid therapy separately in order to manage patients with bothersome OLP with an extended period of follow-up.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In our trial, 60 patients were chosen and given sequential numbers as they signed up to take part. The participants were divided randomly into two categories: category A (LLLT plus topical steroids) and category B (only topical steroids). The data were entered into the aforementioned prepared case template after receiving informed consent. The aforementioned prepared case template included the following criteria for evaluating the result of the treatment: pain, recurrence, burning sensation, clinical remission, and size of the lesion. Applying the visual analog scale (VAS), pain, as well as burning sensations, were assessed in both categories. With the aid of the Electronic Digital Vernier Caliper (Mitutoyo, China), these individuals were assessed for the dimension of the lesion.
RESULTS
The pain score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.63 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 21 (p = 0.0032). The pain score on day 28 of intervention in category A was 1.3, while it was 3.0 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically at day 28 (p = 0.003). The pain score was greater in the control category as compared to the intervention category. The burning sensation score on day 21 of intervention in category A was 2.5, while it was 4.5 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.0024). The burning sensation score at the follow-up phase on day 45 of intervention in category A was 1.1, while it was 3.4 in category B. The difference in findings was significant statistically (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
Newer therapeutic techniques are becoming accessible to oral specialists for controlling oral mucosal disorders as a result of evolving dental trends. The gold standard for treating people with symptomatic OLP continues to be topical corticosteroids. The therapeutic advantages of topical corticosteroids, however, are considerably outweighed by their complementary effect when paired with newer treatment methods like LLLT.
PubMed: 37750131
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44100 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2023This study "Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental...
BACKGROUND
This study "Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental study" was conducted to study and find the effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on reduction of pain, correction of rounded shoulder, and disability. Pain, disability, and rounded shoulders are the major limiting factors as it affects the quality of life and reduces efficiency and social participation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted among 120 individuals with cervical postural syndrome, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Vernier caliper to evaluate pain, functional disability, and rounded shoulder, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, by using SPSS software. Interventional training was given for 6 weeks to the patients. Group A subjects were given spinal stabilization exercises. Group B subjects were given Mckenzie approach. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; pre-test and post-test were used to calculate the results, followed by data presentation and analysis.
RESULT
The result showed that at the end of the 6 weeks on comparison between pre- and post-intervention of Group A and Group B, both the techniques were effective, but group B was significantly effective than Group A.
CONCLUSION
It was noted that McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises were effective on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome, but on comparing both techniques, Mckenzie protocol is more beneficial than segmental spinal stabilization exercises. The study accepts the alternate hypothesis that there is significant effect of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome.
PubMed: 37727425
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_239_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Jul 2023Forensic identifications have utilized the height or stature of an individual in their field. Teeth and dentition can act as reliable tools to estimate the stature in...
BACKGROUND
Forensic identifications have utilized the height or stature of an individual in their field. Teeth and dentition can act as reliable tools to estimate the stature in cases where the only skull is presented as evidence. The Carrea's index assesses the stature in a subject from the lower anterior teeth dimensions.
AIM
The present study was aimed to judge the reliability of Carrea's index in Indian subjects.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From 80 subjects who were undergraduate students, plaster models were made and each was assessed individually making 160 hemiarches. These hemiarches were divided based on the teeth alignment into normal, diastema, and crowded forms. This was followed by measurement with a vernier caliper into chord and arch.
RESULTS
In both genders, the difference seen was statistically significant between dental arch types concerning various alignments with 95.23% and 83.75% success for males and females in normal dentition and 92.30% and 85.71% in crowded dentition. Also, a significant difference was seen for the type of arch with ≤ 0.001 and 0.003, respectively. Lesser success was seen for spacing in both the genders and arches.
CONCLUSION
The present study concludes that Carrea's index is a dependable and efficient tool for estimating height in subjects having arches with crowded and normal dentition which is functional for both the gender on the left and right side of the dental arches. However, in hemiarches with diastema, this method is not reliable.
PubMed: 37694036
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_153_23 -
Cureus Jul 2023Introduction The knee joint is a complex system containing various hard and soft tissue components necessary for functioning in a coordinated manner. The menisci help to...
Introduction The knee joint is a complex system containing various hard and soft tissue components necessary for functioning in a coordinated manner. The menisci help to deepen the tibial plateau. Knowledge of the dimension of menisci in the knee joint is of paramount importance in arthroscopic surgery and the management of injuries due to sports or degeneration. The present study aims to describe the morphometric data of the medial meniscus and document the morphometric variation in the medial menisci. Methodology This study was conducted in the department of anatomy in two medical colleges under MGR University by measuring the dimensions of 100 medial menisci taken from 50 formalin-fixed embalmed cadavers. The width and thickness of the medial menisci were measured using digital vernier calipers. The outer and inner circumferences were measured using a measuring tape, non-elastic threads, and metallic pins. The area of the medial meniscus and the tibial plateau was measured by counting the small squares present in the circumference of the menisci drawn over the graph paper. The weight of the medial menisci was measured using the electronic weigh scale. Results The widest part of the medial meniscus was the posterior one-third, and the narrowest part was the anterior one-third. The thickest part was the middle one-third, followed by the anterior one-third. The average inner and outer circumferences of the menisci were 6.25 cm and 10.05 cm, respectively. The medial meniscus covers more than half of the area of the tibial plateau. Conclusion The present study provides a good understanding of the morphometric features of the medial menisci and will be of great help for managing knee joint pathologies and designing prostheses.
PubMed: 37654914
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42753