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Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2023We systematically identified the prevalence of triplex infections (combined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) in... (Review)
Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Triplex Infections (Combined Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus) among Pregnant Women in Nigeria.
OBJECTIVE
We systematically identified the prevalence of triplex infections (combined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)) in pregnancy.
METHODS
To gather information on the frequency of triplex infections, we searched the databases of PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Without regard to language, we utilized search terms that covered HIV, HBV, HCV, and pregnancy. Pregnant women with triplex infections of HIV, HBV, and HCV were included in studies that also examined the prevalence of triplex infections. Review Manager 5.4.1 was employed to conduct the meta-analysis. Critical appraisal and bias tool risk data were provided as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and was used as the statistical measure of heterogeneity. The checklist was created by Hoy and colleagues. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO, under the registration number CRD42020202583.
RESULTS
Eight studies involving 5314 women were included. We identified one ongoing study. Pooled prevalence of triplex infections was 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02-0.04%) according to meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significantly high prevalence of 0.08% (95% CI: 0.06-0.10%; 3863 women) in HIV-positive population than 0.00% (95% CI:-0.00-0.00; 1451 women; < 0.001) in general obstetric population. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the pooled prevalence between studies published between 2001 and 2010 and between 2011 and 2021 (0.14% (95% CI: 0.12 to 0.16 versus 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.04%; < 0.001))) and participants recruited in the period between 2001 and 2011 and between 2012 and 2021 (0.13% (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.21; =0.002 versus 0.00% (95% CI: -0.00 to 0.00%; =1.00))), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The combined prevalence of prenatal triplex infections was 0.03%, with rates notably higher among the group of pregnant women who were HIV-positive and during the recruitment period that took place before 2012. This prevalence still necessitates screening for these infections as necessary.
PubMed: 37492627
DOI: 10.1155/2023/3551297 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Nov 2023This review aimed to assess the evidence available in the literature about the protocols for using peanut ball (PB) in women during labour and delivery. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This review aimed to assess the evidence available in the literature about the protocols for using peanut ball (PB) in women during labour and delivery.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was carried out by 2 independent researchers in the PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus databases, and the reference lists were scanned for additional articles.
STUDY SELECTION
Search terms employed were selected from MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and DeCS (Descriptors in Health Sciences) and combined in each database: "Pregnant Women" AND "Peanut Ball", "Peanut Ball" AND "Labor, Obstetric", as well as "Peanut Ball" AND "Parturition". There were no limits regarding the publication period or language. Studies that answered the following question were included: What are the protocols for the use of the PB in women during labour and childbirth described in the literature? Secondary studies were excluded. Disagreements were resolved by a third researcher.
DATA EXTRACTION
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement guided this review. The authors prepared a standardized data extraction sheet to extract data and used the Mendeley software to organize the analyzed studies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Ten studies made up the final sample of this review. Eight articles presented the protocol for using the PB: 2 studies included it after epidural analgesia and removed it at complete cervical dilation and effacement; 4 addressed the frequency of position changes during labour; and 3 reported data on maternal positions that were adopted. Five studies showed lower rates of cesarean delivery, and 2 reported that PB reduces the length of labour. Only 1 article associated the use of PB with the reduction of instrumental deliveries and perineal lacerations. One study showed a positive evaluation of parturients regarding the use of PB.
CONCLUSION
PB was associated with a reduction in cesarean and instrumental deliveries, and the length of labour. Despite its benefits, there is no standardized protocol for the use of PB, preventing it from predicting outcomes with its use.
PROSPERO ID
CRD42023392238.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Arachis; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Labor, Obstetric; Parturition
PubMed: 37473916
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2023.07.005 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Sep 2023Perineal lacerations could lead to substantial morbidities for women. A reliable prediction model for perineal lacerations has the potential to guide the prevention....
BACKGROUND
Perineal lacerations could lead to substantial morbidities for women. A reliable prediction model for perineal lacerations has the potential to guide the prevention. Although several prediction models have been developed to estimate the risk of perineal lacerations, especially third- and fourth-degree perineal lacerations, the evidence about the model quality and clinical applicability is scarce.
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review and critically appraise the existing prediction models for perineal lacerations.
METHODS
Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data) were systematically searched from inception to July 2022. Studies that developed prediction models for perineal lacerations or performed external validation of existing models were considered eligible to include in the systematic review. Two reviewers independently conducted data extraction according to the Checklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies. The risk of bias and the applicability of the included models were assessed with the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the characteristics, risk of bias, and performance of existing models.
RESULTS
Of 4345 retrieved studies, 14 studies with 22 prediction models for perineal lacerations were included. The included models mainly aimed to estimate the risk of third- and fourth-degree perineal lacerations. The top five predictors used were operative vaginal birth (72.7 %), parity/previous vaginal birth (63.6 %), race/ethnicity (59.1 %), maternal age (50.0 %), and episiotomy (40.1 %). Internal and external validation was performed in 12 (54.5 %) and seven (31.8 %) models, respectively. 13 studies (92.9 %) assessed model discrimination, with the c-index ranging from 0.636 to 0.830. Seven studies (50.0 %) evaluated the model calibration using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Brier score, or calibration curve. The results indicated that most of the models had fairly good calibration. All the included models were at higher risk of bias mainly due to unclear or inappropriate methods for handling missing data and continuous predictors, external validation, and model performance evaluation. Six models (27.3 %) showed low concerns about applicability.
CONCLUSIONS
The existing models for perineal lacerations were poorly validated and evaluated, among which only two have the potential for clinical use: one for women undergoing vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, and the other one for all women undergoing vaginal birth. Future studies should focus on robust external validation of existing models and the development of novel models for second-degree perineal laceration.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022349786.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
The existing models for perineal lacerations during childbirth need external validation and updating. Tools are needed for second-degree perineal laceration.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Delivery, Obstetric; Episiotomy; Lacerations; Parity; Perineum; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37423201
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104546 -
Midwifery Sep 2023To conduct a systematic review exploring women's experiences, views and understanding of any vaginal examinations during intrapartum care, in any care setting and by any... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review exploring women's experiences, views and understanding of any vaginal examinations during intrapartum care, in any care setting and by any healthcare professional. Intrapartum vaginal examination is deemed both an essential assessment tool and routine intervention during labour. It is an intervention that can cause significant distress, embarrassment, and pain for women, as well as reinforce outdated gender roles. In view of its widespread and frequently reported excessive use, it is important to understand women's views on vaginal examination to inform further research and current practice.
DESIGN
A systematic search and meta-ethnography synthesis informed by Noblit and Hare (1988) and the eMERGe guidance (France et al. 2019) was undertaken. Nine electronic databases were searched systematically using predefined search terms in August 2021, and again in March 2023. Studies meeting the following criteria: English language, qualitative and mixed-method studies, published from 2000 onwards, and relevant to the topic, were eligible for quality appraisal and inclusion.
FINDINGS
Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Three from Turkey, one from Palestine, one from Hong Kong and one from New Zealand. One disconfirming study was identified. Following both a reciprocal and refutational synthesis, four 3rd order constructs were formed, titled: Suffering the examination, Challenging the power dynamic, Cervical-centric labour culture embedded in societal expectations, and Context of care. Finally, a line of argument was arrived at, which brought together and summarised the 3rd order constructs.
KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF PRACTICE
The dominant biomedical discourse of vaginal examination and cervical dilatation as central to the birthing process does not align with midwifery philosophy or women's embodied experience. Women experience examinations as painful and distressing but tolerate them as they view them as necessary and unavoidable. Factors such as context of care setting, environment, privacy, midwifery care, particularly in a continuity of carer model, have considerable positive affect on women's experience of examinations. Further research into women's experiences of vaginal examination in different care models as well as research into less invasive intrapartum assessment tools that promote physiological processes is urgently required.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Gynecological Examination; Anthropology, Cultural; Parturition; Labor, Obstetric; Midwifery; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37315454
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103746 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Sep 2023Numerous interventions to reduce perineal trauma during childbirth have been studied in recent years, including perineal massage. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous interventions to reduce perineal trauma during childbirth have been studied in recent years, including perineal massage.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of perineal massage during the second stage of labor to prevent perineal damage.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Systematic search in PubMed, Pedro, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, BioMed, SpringerLink, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, and MEDLINE with the terms Massage, Second labor stage, Obstetric delivery, and Parturition.
SELECTION CRITERIA
The articles must have been published in the last 10 years; the perineal massage was administered to the study sample; and the experimental design consisted of randomized controlled trial.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Tables were used to describe both the studies' characteristics and the extracted data. The PEDro and Jadad scales were used to assess the quality of studies.
MAIN RESULTS
Of the 1172 total results identified, nine were selected. Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis and indicated a statistically significant decreased number of episiotomies in perineal massage.
CONCLUSIONS
Massage during the second stage of labor appears to be effective in preventing episiotomies and reducing the duration of the second stage of labor. However, it does not appear to be effective in reducing the incidence and severity of perineal tears.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Lacerations; Labor Stage, Second; Massage; Delivery, Obstetric; Parturition; Perineum; Obstetric Labor Complications
PubMed: 36808391
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14723 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Aug 2023Most women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth, whether it is natural tears or episiotomy. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Most women suffer from perineal trauma during childbirth, whether it is natural tears or episiotomy.
OBJECTIVES
To perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of different PFMT relevant strategies in the prevention of perineal trauma.
SEARCH STRATEGY
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, CBM, WANFANG DATABASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for citations published in any language from inception to 1 July 2021.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PFMT relevant prevention strategies for preventing perineal trauma during childbirth.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were independently extracted by two reviewers. Relative treatment effects were estimated using network meta-analysis (NMA).
MAIN RESULTS
Of 12 632 citations searched, 21 RCTs were included. Comparing with usual care, "PFMT combine with perineal massage" and PFMT alone showed more superiority in intact perineum (RR = 5.37, 95% CI: 3.79 to 7.60, moderate certainty; RR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.34-4.97, moderate certainty, respectively), episiotomy (RR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.14-0.49, very low certainty; RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.90, very low certainty, respectively), and OASIS (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.78, moderate certainty; RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.85, high certainty, respectively). "PFMT combine with perineal massage" showed superiority in reducing perineal tear (RR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20-0.85, moderate certainty).
CONCLUSIONS
In view of the results, antenatal "PFMT combine with perineal massage" and PFMT were effective strategies for the prevention of perineal trauma.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Delivery, Obstetric; Episiotomy; Lacerations; Network Meta-Analysis; Parturition
PubMed: 36107230
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06769-w -
Journal of Reproductive and Infant... Jan 2024The Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is regarded as a general problem, which affects women's health and well-being, justifying demanding caesarean section. Several primary...
BACKGROUND
The Fear of Childbirth (FOC) is regarded as a general problem, which affects women's health and well-being, justifying demanding caesarean section. Several primary studies have been performed in relation to the interventions performed to reduce the fear of childbirth, which show contradictions between the results of these studies.
OBJECTIVE
This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the different types of interventions used to reduce the fear of childbirth in pregnant mothers.
METHODS
In this study, systematic review of study information related to the effect of different therapies on reducing the fear of childbirth using subject-related keywords and validated with MeSH in SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) databases and Google Scholar Search Engine were extracted without any time limit until February 2021.
RESULTS
After removing duplicates and irrelevant works from among the 5396 articles found, 63 articles remained in the study. The participants in these 63 articles were 5415 cases and 5770 controls. In addition, three studies were on epidural anesthesia, 33 on the effects of psychotherapy, 19 on the effects of education, and eight on the influence of other interventions on alleviating FOC. As shown by the results, psychotherapy intervention and education decreased FOC significantly.
CONCLUSION
According to the results of this study, to prevent the fear of childbirth, pregnancy training and prenatal preparation courses are recommended to empower pregnant women. It also seems beneficial to use psychotherapy approaches for women who are afraid of childbirth.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pregnant Women; Cesarean Section; Parturition; Delivery, Obstetric; Fear
PubMed: 35435061
DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2022.2059458