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Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Feb 2024To assess fetal and neonatal eyes abnormalities and their progression during the last ZIKV outbreak and summarize learned lessons. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess fetal and neonatal eyes abnormalities and their progression during the last ZIKV outbreak and summarize learned lessons.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by a team of obstetricians and ophthalmologists.
RESULTS
Studies reporting ocular abnormalities during the prenatal ( = 5) and postnatal ( = 24) periods were included in the analysis. In the prenatal period, the most common ocular findings were intraocular calcification cases (4/6, 66.6%) and microphthalmia (3/6, 50%). Postnatal ocular abnormalities of congenital ZIKV infection were described after birth in 479 cases. Among them microphthalmia was reported in 13 cases (13/479, 2.7%). Posterior segment (retina and optic nerve) was the most affected structure, consisting of pigmentary changes (229/479, 47.8%), macular chorioretinal atrophy (216/479, 45%), optic nerve atrophy (181/479, 37.8%), increased cup-to-disk ratio (190/479, 39.6.%), optic nerve hypoplasia (93/479,19.4%), vascular changes (26/479, 5.4%), and retinal coloboma (20/479, 4.1%). The anterior segment was involved in 4.6% (22/479) of cases, including cataract (9/479, 1.8%), lens subluxation (1/479, 0.2%), iris coloboma (5/479, 1%), and congenital glaucoma (7/479, 1.4%). These ocular anomalies were isolated in one case (1/479, 0.2%) and multiple anomalies were found in the other cases. Long-term visual disorders have been described, with no possible improvement and even a worsening of some of the ocular anomalies previously observed. No reactivation of ocular lesions was observed.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the severe ocular abnormalities associated with congenital ZIKV infections. The importance of multidisciplinary communication between the obstetrician, the maternal-fetal medicine specialist, and the ophthalmologist is emphasized.
PROTOCOL REGISTRATION
This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), registration440 188.
PubMed: 38350011
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2314086 -
Ophthalmic Research 2024Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) can mimic glaucoma and consequently cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to summarize... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) can mimic glaucoma and consequently cause difficulties in differential diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to summarize differences in diagnostic tests that can help perform a correct diagnosis.
METHODS
The search strategy was performed according to the PRISMA 2009 guidelines, and four databases were used: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Totally, 772 references were eligible; 39 were included after screening with respect to inclusion criteria that included English language and published in the 20 years before search date.
RESULTS
Ninety percent (n = 35) of included studies used optical coherence tomography (OCT). Glaucomatous eyes had a significantly greater cup area, volume and depth, cup-to-disk ratio, a lower rim volume and area, and a thinner Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in glaucomatous eyes occurred primarily at the superotemporal, inferotemporal, and inferonasal sectors, while AION eyes demonstrated mostly superonasal thinning. Glaucoma eyes showed greater macular ganglion cell layer thickness, except at the inferotemporal sector. OCT angiography measurements demonstrated a significant decrease in superficial and deep macular vessel density (VD) in glaucoma compared to AION with similar degree of visual field damage; the parapapillary choroidal VD was spared in AION eyes compared to glaucomatous eyes.
CONCLUSION
By use of OCT imaging, optic nerve head parameters seem most informative to distinguish between glaucoma and AION. Although both diseases affect the RNFL thickness, it seems to do so in different sectors. Differences in structure and vascularity of the macula can also help in making the differential diagnosis.
Topics: Humans; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic; Diagnosis, Differential; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Optic Disk; Glaucoma; Visual Fields; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 38262372
DOI: 10.1159/000535568 -
Vascular Medicine (London, England) Apr 2024This study aimed to review the current literature exploring the utility of noninvasive ocular imaging for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our search... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to review the current literature exploring the utility of noninvasive ocular imaging for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our search was conducted in early April 2022 and included the databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and others. Five articles were included in the final review. Of the five studies that used ocular imaging in PAD, two studies used retinal color fundus photography, one used optical coherence tomography (OCT), and two used optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess the ocular changes in PAD. PAD was associated with both structural and functional changes in the retina. Structural alterations around the optic disc and temporal retinal vascular arcades were seen in color fundus photography of patients with PAD compared to healthy individuals. The presence of retinal hemorrhages, exudates, and microaneurysms in color fundus photography was associated with an increased future risk of PAD, especially the severe form of the disease. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) was significantly thinner in the nasal quadrant in patients with PAD compared to age-matched healthy individuals in OCT. Similarly, the choroidal thickness in the subfoveal region was significantly thinner in patients with PAD compared to controls. Patients with PAD also had a significant reduction in the retinal and choroidal circulation in OCTA compared to healthy controls. As PAD causes thinning and ischemic changes in retinal vessels, examination of the retinal vessels using retinal imaging techniques can provide useful information about early microvascular damage in PAD. Ocular imaging could potentially serve as a biomarker for PAD. .
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Photography; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Biomarkers; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 38054219
DOI: 10.1177/1358863X231210866 -
BMJ Open Ophthalmology Nov 2023To explore the current research about the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in dysthyroid optic neuropathy... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
To explore the current research about the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON).
METHODS
Studies in the literature that focused on OCT, OCTA and DON were retrieved by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases and Clinical Trial before 20 June 2023. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The quantitative calculation was performed using Review Manager V.5.3.
RESULTS
Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. DON group presented lower macular ganglion cell complex in the overall, superior and inferior hemifields compared with the non-DON group. Furthermore, the ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in DON group was thinner in contrast to the non-DON group. The optic nerve head vessel density was lower in the DON group than that in the non-DON group. A reduction of radial peripapillary capillary vessel density could be seen in the DON group than the non-DON group in overall, inside disc, peripapillary, superior-hemifield, temporal and nasal. Besides, the macular superficial retinal capillary layer of non-DON and DON is lower than the healthy control group.
CONCLUSIONS
This study supported the potential value of OCT and OCTA metrics as novel biomarkers of DON. Ophthalmologists should comprehensively consider the retinal structure and microvasculature in dealing with DON.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
This systematic review included data from published literature and was exempt from ethics approval. Results would be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presented at academic conferences engaging clinicians.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42023414907.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Disk; Angiography; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Optic Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 37996119
DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001379 -
Neuroprotective Strategies for Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review.Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Aug 2023Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the second most common form of optic neuropathy. Most patients show no improvement over time. Until now, there...
PURPOSE
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the second most common form of optic neuropathy. Most patients show no improvement over time. Until now, there is still no definitive therapy for NAION. The available literatures on the possible treatment of NAION are quite diverse and controversial. Neuroprotection strategies have been suggested as one of the potential treatments for NAION. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature on neuroprotective strategy for NAION.
METHODS
This report was written in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We performed a systematic literature search in Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Cochrane databases. Only neuroprotective agents that directly work in protecting neurons were included. The outcome of interest in this review is retinal ganglion cell density and apoptosis for animal studies and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for human studies.
RESULTS
The systematic search identified 591 studies of which 24 met the eligibility criteria, including 21 animal studies and three human studies. Only a few of the studies evaluated the same treatments, showing how diverse neuroprotector treatments are currently being evaluated as NAION treatment. From 21 animal studies, 14 studies showed significantly higher retinal ganglion cell density (1.49- to 2.81-fold) with neuroprotective treatment compared to control group. Two of three human studies in this review had also found a beneficial effect of preserving retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in NAION patients.
CONCLUSIONS
This review suggests the potential of neuroprotection as a viable option in the quest for an effective treatment strategy for NAION. Further studies, particularly clinical studies, are necessary to establish its efficacy in NAION patients.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic; Optic Disk; Neuroprotection; Visual Acuity; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37563973
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0166 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2024Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcium-containing deposits in the optic nerve head, capable of causing visual field defects and sudden visual loss. The underlying... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcium-containing deposits in the optic nerve head, capable of causing visual field defects and sudden visual loss. The underlying pathophysiology remains inadequately understood and treatment options are missing. In this paper, we systematically reviewed prevalence studies of ODD in non-selected populations to provide an overview of its prevalence, conducted meta-analyses to determine modality-specific prevalence estimates and performed a forecasting study to estimate current and future global population number of individuals with ODD. We searched 11 literature databases on 25 October 2022 for prevalence studies of ODD in non-selected populations. Eight eligible studies provided data from a total of 27 463 individuals. Prevalence estimates were stratified according to diagnostic modalities: ophthalmoscopy 0.37% (95% CI: 0.10-0.95%), fundus photography 0.12% (95% CI: 0.03-0.24%), spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging 2.21% (95% CI: 1.25-3.42%) and histopathology 1.82% (95% CI: 1.32-2.38%). Using histopathology-based summary prevalence estimate, we forecast 145 million individuals with ODD currently, a number expected to increase further due to world population growth. These numbers underscore the importance of including ODD in health education and highlight the necessity of continuing research in ODD.
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Optic Disk Drusen; Prevalence; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37144704
DOI: 10.1111/aos.15690