-
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with altered gut microbiota;...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with altered gut microbiota; however, there has been a focus on fecal samples, which are not representative of the entire digestive tract. Mucosal biopsies of the descending duodenum were collected. Five regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Other assessments conducted on the study subjects included body mass index, transient elastography, liver enzymes, and lipid profile. Fifty-one subjects (36 with MASLD and 15 controls) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding alpha- or beta-diversity of the duodenal mucosal microbiota. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the genera Serratia and Aggregatibacter were more abundant in the duodenal mucosa of patients with MASLD, whereas the duodenal mucosal microbiota of the healthy controls was enriched with the genus Petrobacter. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that genes associated with amino acid degradation and carboxylate degradation were significantly enriched in the duodenal mucosal microbiota of patients with MASLD. Our findings reveal the duodenal mucosal microbiota in patients with MASLD, which could contribute to future studies investigating the causal relationship between duodenal microbiota and MASLD.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Metabolic Diseases; Duodenum; Microbiota; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 38643212
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59605-3 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024This study examines the oral health benefits of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143, particularly its potential in oral microbiota alterations and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The impact of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143 toothpaste on gingivitis and oral microbiota in adults: a randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
This study examines the oral health benefits of heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-143, particularly its potential in oral microbiota alterations and gingivitis improvement.
METHODS
We assessed GMNL-143's in vitro interactions with oral pathogens and its ability to prevent pathogen adherence to gingival cells. A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed on gingivitis patients using GMNL-143 toothpaste or placebo for four weeks, followed by a crossover after a washout.
RESULTS
GMNL-143 showed coaggregation with oral pathogens in vitro, linked to its surface layer protein. In patients, GMNL-143 toothpaste lowered the gingival index and reduced Streptococcus mutans in crevicular fluid. A positive relationship was found between Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and gingival index changes, and a negative one between Campylobacter and gingival index changes in plaque.
CONCLUSION
GMNL-143 toothpaste may shift oral bacterial composition towards a healthier state, suggesting its potential in managing mild to moderate gingivitis.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ID NCT04190485 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ); 09/12/2019, retrospective registration.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Gingivitis; Lacticaseibacillus paracasei; Microbiota; Retrospective Studies; Toothpastes; Cross-Over Studies
PubMed: 38643116
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04251-4 -
Medicina Clinica Apr 2024
PubMed: 38641507
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2024.01.021 -
Nanoscale Advances Apr 2024Dental implant failures caused by bacterial infections are a significant concern for dental implantologists. We modified the titanium surface by depositing silver...
Dental implant failures caused by bacterial infections are a significant concern for dental implantologists. We modified the titanium surface by depositing silver (Ti-Ag) using direct current (DC) sputtering and confirmed the formation of a 'nano coat' by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface profilometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the deposition of a uniform nano Ag thin film. A gradual increase in thickness was observed, and the film thickness (530 nm) at 5 min deposition time (Ti-Ag) resulted in a reduction of the water contact angle (WCA, 15%) and an increase in surface energy (SFE, 22%) in comparison to the uncoated Ti surface. Using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), the slow, steady release of Ag from the coating was observed over 21 days. The Ti-Ag surface exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against , , , and , which belonged to the yellow, purple, and red complexes, representing specific periodontal pathogens. Furthermore, we observed excellent cytocompatibility of Ag-deposited Ti towards MG-63 osteoblasts with no inhibitory effect on their proliferative potential. Quantitation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization efficiency, and osteogenesis-related gene expression of MG-63 cells over 21 days was suggestive of rapid osseointegration. Overall, the 'nano coat' of Ag on Ti is indeed a prophylactic against peri-implantitis, ensuring increased implant success.
PubMed: 38633042
DOI: 10.1039/d3na00898c -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024The HACEK group comprises spp., , , , and , are Gram-negative bacteria that are slow-growing and fastidious. These organisms are common causes of...
BACKGROUND
The HACEK group comprises spp., , , , and , are Gram-negative bacteria that are slow-growing and fastidious. These organisms are common causes of culture-negative endocarditis. However, brain abscesses caused by and have been rarely reported. The case we describe, which was promptly identified and successfully treated, will be meaningful for the diagnosis and treatment of such infectious diseases.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein, we report a case of brain abscess in a young man who was infected with and . The patient was admitted to the hospital with sudden onset of vomiting, coma, and fever. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid cell counts suggested cerebral abscess, he underwent drainage of the abscess and empirical antimicrobial therapy of meropenem (2 g every 8 hours) and linezolid (0.6 g every 12 hours) for more than 10 days without significant improvement. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of drainage fluid and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) detection for isolated bacteria from samples suggested the presence of and . After 7 weeks of ceftriaxone (2 g every 12 hours) and meropenem (2 g every 8 hours) intravenously, the patient was discharged with a normal temperature and brain MRI showed improvement of the lesion.
CONCLUSION
Similar cases reported in previous studies were always associated with bacterial blood dissemination after dental surgery or myocarditis; however, the patient in our case had no any associated risk factors. As far as we know, this is the only case of central nervous system infection caused by and that has utilized combined mNGS and MALDI-TOF MS in the diagnosis.
PubMed: 38628241
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S458020 -
BMJ Open Apr 2024To make a descriptive comparison of antibodies to four major periodontal bacteria and their relation to the respiratory diseases asthma and bronchitis/emphysema, and to...
OBJECTIVES
To make a descriptive comparison of antibodies to four major periodontal bacteria and their relation to the respiratory diseases asthma and bronchitis/emphysema, and to cancer incidence.
METHODS
The serum of a random sample of men with no history of cancer incidence (n=621) was analysed by the ELISA method for antibody levels of four periodontal bacteria; the anaerobes of the so-called red complex (TF), (PG), and (TD), and the facultative anaerobe (AA). The antibody readings were divided into quartiles and the distribution of cases of the relevant diseases as compared with the non-cases. Comparisons of the quartile distributions were by the Pearson χ test. Data and serum from the Oslo II study of Norwegian men from 2000 were used. The ELISA analyses were performed on thawed frozen serum. Cancer data from 17.5 years of follow-up were provided by the Norwegian Cancer Registry.
RESULTS
In all, 52 men had reported asthma and 23 men had bronchitis/emphysema at the health screening. Results on cancer incidence are given for all respiratory cancers, n=23, and bronchi and lung cancers separately, n=18. Stratified analyses were performed for the four endpoints showing significant association with low levels of TD antibodies for bronchitis; p=0.035. Both TF and TD were significant for low levels of antibodies among daily smokers; p=0.030 for TF and p<0.001 for TD in the analysis of the full study sample. For PG and AA, no such associations were observed. An association with respiratory cancers was not observed.
CONCLUSION
A low level of TD was associated with bronchitis/emphysema compared with the rest of the cohort. In the total study sample, low levels of antibodies to both TF and TD were associated with daily smoking.
Topics: Male; Humans; Cohort Studies; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Antibodies; Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Asthma; Bronchitis; Emphysema
PubMed: 38626983
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082116 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Apr 2024Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases... (Review)
Review
Periodontitis is an immuno-inflammatory disease of the soft tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis is linked to many communicable and non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancers. The oral-systemic link between periodontal disease and systemic diseases is attributed to the spread of inflammation, microbial products and microbes to distant organ systems. Oral bacteria reach the gut via swallowed saliva, whereby they induce gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Some periodontal pathogens like can withstand the unfavorable acidic, survive in the gut and result in gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis increases gut inflammation, and induce dysplastic changes that lead to gut dysfunction. Various studies have linked oral bacteria, and oral-gut axis to various GIT disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, hepatocellular and pancreatic ductal carcinoma, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Although the correlation between periodontitis and GIT disorders is well established, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which oral microflora induce these changes have not been discussed extensively. This review comprehensively discusses the intricate and unique molecular and immunological mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens can induce gut dysbiosis and dysfunction.
PubMed: 38602474
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2339260 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024The Gram-positive bacterium, is an oral pathogen, and approximately 50% of known strains encode a recently identified repeat-in-toxin (RTX) protein, FtxA. By assessing...
The Gram-positive bacterium, is an oral pathogen, and approximately 50% of known strains encode a recently identified repeat-in-toxin (RTX) protein, FtxA. By assessing a longitudinal Ghanaian study population of adolescents (10-19 years of age; mean age 13.2 years), we recently discovered a possible correlation between deep periodontal pockets measured at the two-year follow-up, presence of the gene, and a high quantity of . To further understand the contribution of and FtxA in periodontal disease, we used qPCR in the present study to assess the carriage loads of and the prevalence of its gene in subgingival plaque specimens, sampled at baseline from the Ghanaian cohort (n=500). Comparing these results with the recorded clinical attachment loss (CAL) longitudinal progression data from the two-year follow up, we concluded that carriers of -positive typically exhibited higher loads of the bacterium. Moreover, high carriage loads of and concomitant presence of the gene were two factors that were both associated with an enhanced prevalence of CAL progression. Interestingly, CAL progression appeared to be further promoted upon the simultaneous presence of and the non-JP2 genotype of . Taken together, our present findings are consistent with the notion that and its gene promotes CAL during periodontal disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Ghana; Periodontal Diseases; Toxins, Biological; Clostridiales
PubMed: 38596650
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1376358 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Feb 2024Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence...
BACKGROUND
Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence of microbial species in PELs is essential for effective treatment strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microbial samples were collected from 50 teeth diagnosed with PELs. Sterile paper points were used to obtain samples from the root canals. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene to identify bacterial species. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods.
RESULTS
The microbial analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species in PELs. The most prevalent species were (32.5%), (28.0%), and (22.5%). (9.0%) and (8.0%) were also frequently detected. Additionally, (7.0%), (3.5%), and (2.5%) were present in lower frequencies.
CONCLUSION
The presence of a diverse microbial flora in teeth with PELs underscores the polymicrobial nature of these lesions. The predominance of periodontal pathogens such as , , and suggests a strong association between periodontal and endodontic infections. A comprehensive understanding of the microbial profile in PELs is crucial for tailored therapeutic approaches targeting the specific pathogens involved.
PubMed: 38595373
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1060_23 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024In multiple sclerosis (MS), alterations of the gut microbiota lead to inflammation. However, the role of other microbiomes in the body in MS has not been fully...
In multiple sclerosis (MS), alterations of the gut microbiota lead to inflammation. However, the role of other microbiomes in the body in MS has not been fully elucidated. In a pilot case-controlled study, we carried out simultaneous characterization of faecal and oral microbiota and conducted an in-depth analysis of bacterial alterations associated with MS. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolic inference tools, we compared the oral/faecal microbiota and bacterial metabolism pathways in French MS patients (n = 14) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 21). A classification model based on metabolite flux balance was established and validated in an independent German cohort (MS n = 12, HV n = 38). Our analysis revealed decreases in diversity indices and oral/faecal compartmentalization, the depletion of commensal bacteria (Aggregatibacter and Streptococcus in saliva and Coprobacter and Roseburia in faeces) and enrichment of inflammation-associated bacteria in MS patients (Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium in saliva and Enterobacteriaceae and Actinomyces in faeces). Several microbial pathways were also altered (the polyamine pathway and remodelling of bacterial surface antigens and energetic metabolism) while flux balance analysis revealed associated alterations in metabolite production in MS (nitrogen and nucleoside). Based on this analysis, we identified a specific oral metabolite signature in MS patients, that could discriminate MS patients from HV and rheumatoid arthritis patients. This signature allowed us to create and validate a discrimination model on an independent cohort, which reached a specificity of 92%. Overall, the oral and faecal microbiomes were altered in MS patients. This pilot study highlights the need to study the oral microbiota and oral health implications in patients with autoimmune diseases on a larger scale and suggests that knowledge of the salivary microbiome could help guide the identification of new pathogenic mechanisms associated with the microbiota in MS patients.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Microbiota; Bacteria; Inflammation
PubMed: 38565581
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57949-4