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Comparative Biochemistry and... May 2024One of the main causes of contamination of aquatic environments, which affects biotic communities, is the use of pesticides in agricultural regions. Amphibians are...
One of the main causes of contamination of aquatic environments, which affects biotic communities, is the use of pesticides in agricultural regions. Amphibians are considered good bio-indicators of aquatic pollution, because they are one of the most susceptible groups to pollution. Several studies suggest that both pollution and climate change produce synergistic effects in amphibians which amplify the toxicity afecting survival, and malformations with an increase in temperature. We studied the sensitivity of sublethal concentrations of dimethoate in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles on two fitness related thermal traits including locomotor swimming performance and thermal tolerance limits (CT = critical thermal maximum and CT = critical thermal minimum). The locomotor performance of R. arenarum tadpoles decreased with increasing sublethal dimethoate concentrations up to ∼60 % at intermediates dimethoate concentration. The tadpoles showed a tendency to decrease their tolerance to high temperatures (CT) with increasing dimethoate concentration around ∼0.5 °C, however no significant differences were found among treatments. Similarly, tadpoles showed decreases in their cold resistance (CT) with dimethoate concentrations, around 1 °C the high concentrations of dimethoate. The increase of atypical climatic events, such as heat waves may put R. arenarum tadpoles at greater risk when exposed to dimethoate. Our results show that the sublethal concentrations of the dimethoate pesticide may affect the fitness and survival of the larvae of R. arenarum in natural, and seminatural enviroments.
Topics: Animals; Pesticides; Larva; Dimethoate; Environmental Pollution; Temperature
PubMed: 38437997
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109884 -
Biosensors Jan 2024Dimethoate contaminants in food pose a threat to human health. Rapid and sensitive trace detection methods are required to keep food safe. In this study, a novel...
Dimethoate contaminants in food pose a threat to human health. Rapid and sensitive trace detection methods are required to keep food safe. In this study, a novel fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the sensitive detection of dimethoate based on carbon quantum dots labeled with double-stranded DNA (CQDs-apt-cDNA) and TiCT flakes. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor showed a good linear range of 1 × 10 to 5 × 10 M for dimethoate with a coefficient of determination (R) of 0.996. Besides, a low detection limit of 2.18 × 10 M was obtained. The aptasensor showed high selectivity in interference samples and good reproducibility with an RSD of 3.06% (<5%) for dimethoate detection. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor was applied to the detection of dimethoate in apple juice and tap water with satisfactory recoveries from 96.2 to 104.4%. Because of these benefits, this aptasensor has the potential and promise for detecting food contaminants in the food industry.
Topics: Humans; Dimethoate; Pesticides; Reproducibility of Results; Titanium; Limit of Detection; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Biosensing Techniques; Nitrites; Transition Elements
PubMed: 38391988
DOI: 10.3390/bios14020069 -
Toxicology Reports Jun 2024Organophosphate insecticide spray poses potential threat of contamination of environmental components their accumulation in aquatic organisms. Although various...
Organophosphate insecticide spray poses potential threat of contamination of environmental components their accumulation in aquatic organisms. Although various physiological deficits associated with their exposure in fishes are documented, yet their retention in their edible muscle tissues has been poorly studied. In this context, the study was undertaken to ascertain the bioaccumulation of two organophosphate insecticide compounds (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos) in the muscles of juvenile . The study could provide insight into the risks to human health associated with consuming contaminated fish flesh. The fishes exposed to various concentrations of dimethoate and chlorpyrifos in-vivo for 96 to ascertain the uptake and retention of these insecticides in the muscle. Results indicated that fish muscles accumulated the residues at all the concentrations with the recovery of 2.99% (0.032 ppm) of dimethoate exposed to LC concentrations. In contrast, the chlorpyrifos residues were found Below the Detection Level (BDL) in the fishes exposed to LC concentrations. The percentage bioaccumulation of dimethoate in fish muscle was 88.10%, and that of chlorpyrifos was BDL. The bio-concentration factor was dose-dependent and increased with increasing doses of both insecticides. The study invites attention to human health risk assessment in the regions where contaminated fish are consumed without scientific supervision.
PubMed: 38379553
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.02.002 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2024The aim of the study was to develop a modified QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination...
The aim of the study was to develop a modified QuEChERS method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of five multi-class pesticides in country beans collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pesticides were extracted using ACN, and to minimize the co-extraction matrix, optimized d-SPE cleanup was done using sorbents (GCB, PSA, and C18). In the calibration range, the method showed excellent linearity with a correlation coefficient of R ≥ 0.9990 both in solvent- and matrix-matched calibration. For the selected pesticides, average recoveries (at four spiking levels (n = 5) of 10, 20, 100, and 200 µg/kg) of 70-100 % were achieved with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 9.5 %. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.3333 to 1.3333 μg/kg and 1.0 to 4.0 μg/kg, respectively. The dietary risk assessment, in terms of hazard quotient (HQ), was calculated to assess consumers' health risks.
Topics: Pesticide Residues; Chromatography, Liquid; Bangladesh; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Pesticides; Solid Phase Extraction
PubMed: 38364498
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138741 -
Analytica Chimica Acta Mar 2024In the present work, we developed a photoelectrochemical aptasensor to determine omethoate (OMT) based on the dual signal amplification of CeO@MnO photocatalysis for...
In the present work, we developed a photoelectrochemical aptasensor to determine omethoate (OMT) based on the dual signal amplification of CeO@MnO photocatalysis for glucose oxidation and exonuclease I-assisted cyclic catalytic hydrolysis. CeO@MnO heterojunction material prepared by hydrothermal method was linked with captured DNA (cDNA) and then assembled on the ITO conductive glass to form ITO/CeO@MnO-cDNA, which exhibited significant photocurrent response and good photocatalytic performance for glucose oxidation under visible light irradiation, providing the feasibility for sensitive determining OMT. After binding with the aptamer of OMT (apt), the formation of rigid double stranded cDNA/apt kept CeO@MnO away from ITO surface, which ensured a low photocurrent background for the constructed ITO/CeO@MnO-cDNA/apt aptasensor. In the presence of target OMT, the restoration of the cDNA hairpin structure and the exonuclease I-assisted cyclic catalytic hydrolysis led to the generation and amplification of measurement photocurrent signals, and allowed the aptasensor to have an ideal quantitative range of 0.01-10.0 nM and low detection limit of 0.0027 nM. Moreover, the aptasensor has been applied for selective determination of OMT in real samples with good precision of the relative standard deviation less than 6.2 % and good accuracy of the recoveries from 93 % to 108 %. What's more, the aptasensor can be used for other target determination only by replacing the captured DNA and corresponding aptamer.
Topics: Glucose; DNA, Complementary; Manganese Compounds; Oxides; DNA; Biosensing Techniques; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Electrochemical Techniques; Limit of Detection; Dimethoate
PubMed: 38331552
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342284 -
Environmental Research May 2024Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are widely used for on-field pest control, constituting about 38% of global pesticide consumption. Insecticide tolerance has been...
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are widely used for on-field pest control, constituting about 38% of global pesticide consumption. Insecticide tolerance has been recorded in microorganisms isolated from the contaminated soil. However, the cross-tolerance of laboratory-enriched cultures remains poorly understood. A chlorpyrifos tolerant (T) strain of Anabaena sp. PCC 7119 was developed through continuous enrichment of the wild strain (W). The cross-tolerance of the T strain to the OP insecticide dimethoate was assessed by measuring photosynthetic performance, key enzyme activities and degradation potential. The presence of dimethoate led to a significant reduction in the growth and pigment content of the W strain. In contrast, the T strain demonstrated improved growth and metabolic performance. Chl a and carotenoids were degraded faster than phycobiliproteins in both strains. The T strain exhibited superior photosynthetic performance, metabolic efficiency and photosystem functions, than of W strain, at both the tested dimethoate concentrations (100 and 200 μM). The treated T strain had more or less a normal OJIP fluorescence transient and bioenergetic functions, while the W strain showed a greater fluorescence rise at ≤ 300 μs indicating the inhibition of electron donation to PS II, and at 2 ms due to reduced electron release beyond Q. The T strain had significantly higher levels of esterase and phosphatases, further enhanced by insecticide treatment. Dimethoate degradation efficiency of the T strain was significantly higher than of the W strain. T strain also removed chlorpyrifos more efficiently than W strain at both the tested concentrations. The BCFs of both chlorpyrifos and dimethoate were lower in the T strain compared to the W strain. These findings suggest that the enriched strain exhibits promising results in withstanding dimethoate toxicity and could be explored for its potential as a bioremediating organism for OP degradation.
Topics: Chlorpyrifos; Dimethoate; Anabaena; Insecticides; Photosynthesis
PubMed: 38331154
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118310 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2024The ecological risks posed by widespread organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) pollution in the surface waters of China remain unclear. In this study, species sensitivity...
The ecological risks posed by widespread organophosphorus pesticide (OPs) pollution in the surface waters of China remain unclear. In this study, species sensitivity distribution (SSD) parametric statistical approaches were coupled with fully acute and chronic toxicity data to fit the sensitivity distributions of different aquatic species to five typical OPs: dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos. Crustaceans exhibit the highest sensitivity to OPs, whereas algae are the least sensitive. The acute hazardous concentrations that affected 5 % of the species (HC) were 0.112, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001 mg/L for dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, trichlorfon, and dichlorvos, respectively, whereas their chronic HC values were 0.004, 0.004, 0.053, 0.001, and 0.0005 mg/L, respectively. Hence, dichlorvos is highly toxic and poses greater risk to non-target aquatic species. The evaluation data revealed varying geographical distribution characteristics of the ecological risks from OPs in 15 freshwater aquatic systems across different regions of China. Dichlorvos posed the highest risk in the basins of Zhejiang and Guangdong Provinces, with the highest chronic Risk Quotient (RQ) and Hazard Index (HI) at 9.34 and 9.92, respectively. This is much higher than what was collected and evaluated for foreign rivers (the highest chronic RQ and HI in foreign rivers were 1.65 and 2.24, respectively). Thus, dichlorvos in the surface waters of China poses a substantial ecological risk to aquatic organisms, and may endanger human health.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Dichlorvos; Malathion; Dimethoate; Water; Trichlorfon; Methyl Parathion; Aquatic Organisms; China; Risk Assessment; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38181956
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169805 -
BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology Jan 2024Multiple pesticides are often used in combination for plant protection and public health. Therefore, it is important to analyze the physiological changes induced by...
BACKGROUND
Multiple pesticides are often used in combination for plant protection and public health. Therefore, it is important to analyze the physiological changes induced by multiple pesticides exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined toxicity of the widely-used organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides diazinon, dimethoate, and cypermethrin.
METHODS
Male Wistar rats were administrated by gavage once daily with the three pesticides individual or in combination for consecutive 28 days. The metabolic components of serum and urine samples were detected by using H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics method. Histopathological examination of liver and kidneys and serum biochemical determination were also carried out.
RESULTS
The results showed that after the 28-day subacute exposure, serum glutamic transaminase and albumin were significantly increased and blood urea nitrogen was significantly decreased in the rats exposed to the mixture of the pesticides compared with the control rats, suggesting that the co-exposure impaired liver and kidney function. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the indicators 14 metabolites were statistically significant altered in the rats after the exposure of the pesticides. The increase in 3-hydroxybutyric acid in urine or decrease of lactate and N-acetyl-L-cysteine in serum could be a potentially sensitive biomarker of the subchronic combined effects of the three insecticides. The reduction level of 2-oxoglutarate and creatinine in urine may be indicative of dysfunction of liver and kidneys.
CONCLUSION
In summary, the exposure of rats to pesticides diazinon, dimethoate, and cypermethrin could cause disorder of lipid and amino acid metabolism, induction of oxidative stress, and dysfunction of liver and kidneys, which contributes to the understanding of combined toxic effects of the pesticides revealed by using the metabolomics analysis of the urine and serum profiles.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Diazinon; Dimethoate; Rats, Wistar; Pyrethrins; Pesticides; Liver
PubMed: 38167230
DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00714-6 -
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology Dec 2023Dimethoate is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Through various pathways, such as runoff and drift, dimethoate can reach marine environment,...
Dimethoate is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. Through various pathways, such as runoff and drift, dimethoate can reach marine environment, and easily impact common organisms in coastal areas, close to agriculture lands, namely crustaceans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dimethoate exposure (50, 100, and 200 μg/l), for 1 day, on a wide range of markers of oxidative stress and neurotransmission impairment, as well as fatty acids composition and histopathological aspect in the gills of the green crab Carcinus aestuarii. A significant increase in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids series, namely the eicosapentaenoic acid (C20: 5n3) and its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (C 18: 3n3) in dimethoate-treated crabs was recorded. Concerning n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, we noted a high reduction in arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels. Dimethoate exposure increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl, and caused the advanced oxidation of protein products along with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant-related markers. Acetylcholinesterase activity was highly inhibited following exposure to dimethoate in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, deleterious histopathological changes with several abnormalities were noted in exposed animals confirming our biochemical findings. The present study offered unique insights to establish a relationship between redox status and alterations in fatty acid composition, allowing a better understanding of dimethoate-triggered toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Dimethoate; Brachyura; Fatty Acids; Acetylcholinesterase; Gills; Oxidation-Reduction; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
PubMed: 38072554
DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105699 -
Chemosphere Jan 2024Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a group of neurotoxic compounds that can cause neural dysfunction, overstimulation, paralysis, and even death to numerous...
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are a group of neurotoxic compounds that can cause neural dysfunction, overstimulation, paralysis, and even death to numerous non-target organisms. Despite their potential ecological impacts, there is a lack of research on water quality criteria (WQC) for OPPs, which hinders the risk assessment for these pollutants. This study aimed to derive short-term and long-term water quality criteria (SWQC and LWQC, respectively) for eight common OPPs through the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology. The ecological risk of these compounds in aquatic environments was consequently assessed using a four-level tiered approach. The results showed that the derived SWQC ranged from 0.0245 μg/L (chlorpyrifos) to 18.6 μg/L (dimethoate), while the LWQC ranged from 0.326 ng/L (chlorpyrifos) to 0.354 μg/L (dimethoate). OPPs were widely recorded in different waters with concentrations up to 40.9 μg/L. The tiered approach results indicated that most OPPs had a low acute risk but a severe chronic risk. The estimated chronic hazard quotients (HQ) were calculated with a maximum of 4782, the exceedance probabilities with a maximum of 97.6%, and the overall probabilities (ORP) with a range of between 0.08% and 11.5%. These findings suggest that the contamination of OPPs in aquatic environments warrants further concern.
Topics: Water Quality; Pesticides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Chlorpyrifos; Dimethoate; Risk Assessment; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Aquatic Organisms; China
PubMed: 37979809
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140726