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Science Advances May 2024Infusion of C-labeled metabolites provides a gold standard for understanding the metabolic processes used by T cells during immune responses in vivo. Through infusion of...
Infusion of C-labeled metabolites provides a gold standard for understanding the metabolic processes used by T cells during immune responses in vivo. Through infusion of C-labeled metabolites (glucose, glutamine, and acetate) in -infected mice, we demonstrate that CD8 T effector (Teff) cells use metabolites for specific pathways during specific phases of activation. Highly proliferative early Teff cells in vivo shunt glucose primarily toward nucleotide synthesis and leverage glutamine anaplerosis in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support adenosine triphosphate and de novo pyrimidine synthesis. In addition, early Teff cells rely on glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (Got1)-which regulates de novo aspartate synthesis-for effector cell expansion in vivo. CD8 Teff cells change fuel preference over the course of infection, switching from glutamine- to acetate-dependent TCA cycle metabolism late in infection. This study provides insights into the dynamics of Teff metabolism, illuminating distinct pathways of fuel consumption associated with CD8 Teff cell function in vivo.
Topics: Glutamine; Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Acetates; Mice; Carbon Isotopes; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Citric Acid Cycle; Glucose; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38809979
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1431 -
Journal of Food Protection Jul 2024Listeria monocytogenes are considered to be the major foodborne pathogen worldwide. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of L. monocytogenes in retail foods,...
Listeria monocytogenes are considered to be the major foodborne pathogen worldwide. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of L. monocytogenes in retail foods, a total of 1243 retail foods in 12 food categories were sampled and screened for L. monocytogenes from 2020 to 2022 in Huzhou, China. A total of 46 out of 1234 samples were confirmed to be L. monocytogenes positive with a total rate of 3.7%. The contamination rate of seasoned raw meat (15.2%) was the highest, followed by raw poultry meat and raw livestock meat (9.9%) and salmon sashimi (9.5%). The L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to four serotypes, 1/2a,1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b, with the most prevalent serotype being 1/2a (47.9%). All isolates were grouped into 15 sequence types (STs) belonging to 14 clonal complexes (CCs) via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The most prevalent ST was ST9/CC9 (23.9%), followed by ST3/CC3 (19.6%) and ST121/CC121 (17.4%). Notably, 11 STs were detected from ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, some of them have been verified to be strongly associated with clinical origin listeriosis cases, such as ST3, ST2, ST5, ST8, and ST87. Listeria pathogenicity islands 1 (LIPI-1) and LIPI-2 were detected in approximately all L. monocytogenes isolates, whereas the distribution of both LIPI-3 genes and LIPI-4 genes exhibited association with specific ST, with LIPI-3 in ST3 and ST288, and LIPI-4 in ST87. The strains carrying LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 virulence genes in this study were all isolated from RTE foods. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that >90% of isolates were susceptible to PEN, AMP, ERY, CIP, SXT, VAN, CHL, and GEN, indicating the antibiotic treatment might be still efficient for most of the L. monocytogenes strains. However, for the three clinical first-line antibiotics (PEN, AMP, and GEN), we also observed three and four strains showing MIC values greater than the susceptibility standards for PEN and AMP, respectively, and one strain showing resistance to GEN.
Topics: Listeria monocytogenes; China; Food Microbiology; Prevalence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Contamination; Genotype; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Humans; Animals; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 38797247
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100307 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024, a foodborne pathogen, exhibits high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and is common in the food industry, especially in ready-to-eat foods. strains...
, a foodborne pathogen, exhibits high adaptability to adverse environmental conditions and is common in the food industry, especially in ready-to-eat foods. strains pose food safety challenges due to their ability to form biofilms, increased resistance to disinfectants, and long-term persistence in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and genetic diversity of in food and related environmental products collected from 2014 to 2022 and assess antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation abilities. was identified in 13 out of the 227 (6%) of samples, 7 from food products (meat preparation, cheeses, and raw milk) and 6 from food-processing environments (slaughterhouse-floor and catering establishments). All isolates exhibited high biofilm-forming capacity and antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to several classes of antibiotics, especially trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin. Genotyping and core-genome clustering identified eight sequence types and a cluster of three very closely related ST3 isolates (all from food), suggesting a common contamination source. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed resistance genes conferring resistance to fosfomycin (), lincosamides (), fluoroquinolones (), and tetracycline (). In addition, the gene was also detected, conferring resistance to disinfecting agents and antiseptics. Virulence gene profiling revealed the presence of 92 associated genes associated with pathogenicity, adherence, and persistence. These findings underscore the presence of strains in food products and food-associated environments, demonstrating a high virulence of these strains associated with resistance genes to antibiotics, but also to disinfectants and antiseptics. Moreover, they emphasize the need for continuous surveillance, effective risk assessment, and rigorous control measures to minimize the public health risks associated to severe infections, particularly listeriosis outbreaks. A better understanding of the complex dynamics of pathogens in food products and their associated environments can help improve overall food safety and develop more effective strategies to prevent severe health consequences and economic losses.
PubMed: 38786175
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050447 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny May 2024The aim of the study is to present and evaluate the epidemiological situation of listeriosis in Poland in the years 2012-2021.
AIM
The aim of the study is to present and evaluate the epidemiological situation of listeriosis in Poland in the years 2012-2021.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The analysis material consisted of data from individual epidemiological case reports on listeriosis submitted to the Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance of the NIPH NIH - NRI by state sanitaryepidemiological stations in the form of paper questionnaires (2012-2019) and in the electronic form through the EpiBaza system (2020 and 2021), as well as aggregated data from the bulletin "Infectious Diseases and Poisoning in Poland".
RESULTS
Between 2012 and 2021, a total of 896 cases of listeriosis were registred in Poland. The median incidence was 0.23 per 100,000 population, which was an increase by 52.2% compared to the previous 5-year period (2007-2011). Every year, more than 90% of cases were hospitalized. The highest percentage of patients were in the age group >60 years old (65.5%). From 2012 to 2019 (in the years when information on cases was collected on a paper form), a total of 275 deaths of patients from listeriosis were recorded (38.4% of all reported cases). According to data from the EpiBaza system, in 2020 and 2021 there were 5 (8.33%) and 25 (20.83%) deaths due to listeriosis. A total of 92.1% of patients with listeriosis had significant predisposing factors for the occurrence of this disease, most of which were associated with neoplasia and heart disease and were present in half of all cases. As part of routine surveillance, no epidemic outbreak associated with Listeria monocytogenes infection was reported in Poland in the years 2012-2021.A total number of 49 pregnant women with listeriosis were reported during described period. Between 2012 and 2021, 37 cases of congenital listeriosis were reported. The median of incidence was 1.07/100 thousand live births, a decrease of 26% compared to the previous 5-year period (2007-2011). Of all congenital infections in newborns, 12 deaths (32.43%) were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The epidemiology of listeriosis is changing both in the EU/EEA countries and in Poland: the incidence is increasing and the distribution of cases in different age groups is changing, affecting primarily the elderly, especially those with predisposing diseases. Although 2020 tere was a decrease in the number of cases at EU level, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall trend of listeriosis cases isincreasing. The clinical condition has a significant impact on the course of L. monocytogenes infection: in healthy people, infection is usually asymptomatic. The disease primarily affects immunocompromised people. In contrast, infection of pregnant women can lead to premature birth, miscarriage, meningitis and neonatal sepsis with mortality rate of 20-30%. The growing trend in listeriosis is alarming and requires greater attention in terms of prevention and control of the disease.
Topics: Poland; Humans; Listeriosis; Incidence; Female; Adult; Infant; Middle Aged; Aged; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Infant, Newborn; Male; Child; Young Adult; Rural Population; Urban Population; Age Distribution; Registries; Disease Outbreaks; Sex Distribution; Aged, 80 and over; Pregnancy
PubMed: 38783662
DOI: 10.32394/pe.77.43 -
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology May 2024Eliminating and managing L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms is a significant problem for food safety, as listeriosis is among the worst foodborne...
BACKGROUND
Eliminating and managing L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms is a significant problem for food safety, as listeriosis is among the worst foodborne illnesses.
METHOD
The Listex P100 bacteriophage's bactericidal and inhibitory properties have been investigated in relation to varying strains of vegetative cells and biofilms of L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii.
RESULTS
The phage concentrations of 109 and 1010 PFU/ml showed strong antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii at both 10°C and 30°C (P<0.05). In 96- well microplate experiments, bacteriophage treatment inhibited biofilm development and reduced biofilm by up to 57.6% (P ≤ 0.05). When compared to controls, Listex P100 bacteriophage significantly reduced the populations of L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms on the surfaces of galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces where holes were produced and the structure of Listeria spp. was disturbed.
CONCLUSION
This study clearly demonstrated that L. monocytogenes, L. welshimeri, and L. ivanovii biofilms on galvanised, stainless steel, and plastic surfaces might be removed by using Listex P100 bacteriophage.
PubMed: 38778618
DOI: 10.2174/0113892010299925240507063431 -
Infection and Immunity Jun 2024Ethanolamine (EA) affects the colonization and pathogenicity of certain human bacterial pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. However, EA can also affect the...
Ethanolamine (EA) affects the colonization and pathogenicity of certain human bacterial pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. However, EA can also affect the intracellular survival and replication of host cell invasive bacteria such as (LMO) and serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium). The EA utilization () genes can be categorized as regulatory, enzymatic, or structural, and previous work in LMO showed that loss of genes encoding functions for the enzymatic breakdown of EA inhibited LMO intracellular replication. In this work, we sought to further characterize the role of EA utilization during LMO infection of host cells. Unlike what was previously observed for . Typhimurium, in LMO, an EA regulator mutant () was equally deficient in intracellular replication compared to an EA metabolism mutant () and this was consistent across Caco-2, RAW 264.7, and THP-1 cell lines. The structural genes encode proteins that self-assemble into bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) that encase the enzymes necessary for EA metabolism. For the first time, native EUT BMCs were fluorescently tagged, and EUT BMC formation was observed and . Interestingly, BMC formation was observed in bacteria infecting Caco-2 cells, but not the macrophage cell lines. Finally, the cellular immune response of Caco-2 cells to infection with mutants was examined, and it was discovered that and mutants similarly elevated the expression of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, EA sensing and utilization during LMO intracellular infection are important for optimal LMO replication and immune evasion but are not always concomitant with BMC formation. (LMO) is a bacterial pathogen that can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals when consumed in contaminated food. It can replicate inside of mammalian cells, escaping detection by the immune system. Therefore, understanding the features of this human pathogen that contribute to its infectiousness and intracellular lifestyle is important. In this work we demonstrate that genes encoding both regulators and enzymes of EA metabolism are important for optimal growth inside mammalian cells. Moreover, the formation of specialized compartments to enable EA metabolism were visualized by tagging with a fluorescent protein and found to form when LMO infects some mammalian cell types, but not others. Interestingly, the formation of the compartments was associated with features consistent with an early stage of the intracellular infection. By characterizing bacterial metabolic pathways that contribute to survival in host environments, we hope to positively impact knowledge and facilitate new treatment strategies.
Topics: Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Humans; Ethanolamine; Mice; Animals; RAW 264.7 Cells; Caco-2 Cells; THP-1 Cells; Bacterial Proteins; Macrophages
PubMed: 38752742
DOI: 10.1128/iai.00162-24 -
Analytical Chemistry May 2024In this study, the covalently fixed "end-on" orientation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb-) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles...
In this study, the covalently fixed "end-on" orientation of a monoclonal antibody (mAb-) to amino terminated oligo (ethylene glycol)-capped gold nanoparticles (NH-TEG-AuNPs) was used to fabricate an in-house lateral flow strip (LFS), namely, the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS in detecting . The proposed LFS enabled the sensitive detection of in 15 min with a visual limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL. Quantitative analysis indicated an LOD at 10 CFU/mL. The fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS showed no cross-reactivity with other pathogenic bacteria and practical performance across different food matrices, including human blood, milk, and mushroom samples. Furthermore, the clinical performance of the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS for detecting was evaluated by using 12 clinical samples validated by the hemoculture method. It demonstrated excellent concordance with the reference methods, with no false-positive or false-negative results observed. Therefore, the fixed "end-on" -mAb-NH-TEG-AuNPs LFS serves as a promising candidate for a point-of-care test (POCT), enabling the rapid, precise, and highly sensitive detection of in clinical samples and contaminated food.
Topics: Listeria monocytogenes; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Humans; Limit of Detection; Food Microbiology; Milk; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Immobilized; Animals; Listeriosis
PubMed: 38748432
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00533 -
Cureus Apr 2024We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and...
We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and ustekinumab who quickly developed invasive infection after incidental identification on routine paracentesis. The infection rapidly progressed from bacterial peritonitis to bacteremia and meningitis within three days. Treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was successful. We highlight the increased risk of invasive listeriosis in immunocompromised individuals, including those on biologic therapies, and the importance of considering as a pathogen from sterile sites even in asymptomatic patients.
PubMed: 38738136
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58116 -
International Journal of Infectious... Aug 2024Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
OBJECTIVES
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a health threat worldwide given its high mortality and the growing of high-risk susceptible populations.
METHODS
All hospitalizations with a diagnosis of LM in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges were examined in Spain from 2000 to 2021.
RESULTS
A total of 8152 hospital admissions with LM were identified. The mean age was 59.5 years and 48% were immunosuppressed (IS). The rate of LM hospitalizations increased from 5 per 1 million population in 2000 to 8.9 in 2021 (p < 0.001). A foodborne outbreak in Andalusia determined a sharp increase in admissions with LM during 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns were associated with a decrease in LM admissions. The overall in-hospital mortality was 16.7%. The number of deaths in patients hospitalized with LM rose from 7.8 per 100,000 deceased in 2000 to 18 in 2021 (p < 0.001). After adjustment, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16), sepsis (OR = 2.60), meningoencephalitis (OR = 1.72), endocarditis (OR = 2.0), neonatal listeriosis (OR = 2.10) and IS (OR = 2.09) were associated with mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of patients hospitalized with LM in Spain has increased significantly from 2000 to 2021. The increase in the rate of admissions and deaths was largely driven by the growing proportion of elderly and IS patients.
Topics: Humans; Listeriosis; Spain; Middle Aged; Male; Aged; Female; Listeria monocytogenes; Incidence; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Adult; COVID-19; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Adolescent; Disease Outbreaks; Child; Child, Preschool; Infant; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38734058
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107089 -
Infectious Diseases and Therapy Jun 2024Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is...
INTRODUCTION
Listeriosis is a severe food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes infection. The data of listeriosis in Xi'an population are limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical features and fatality risk factors for listeriosis in three tertiary-care hospitals in Xi'an, China METHODS: The characteristics of demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, cranial imaging examination, antibiotics therapeutic schemes, and clinical outcomes were collected between 2011 and 2023. Logistic regression analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Seventy-one etiologically confirmed listeriosis patients were enrolled, including 12 neonatal and 59 non-neonatal cases. The majority of neonatal listeriosis presented as preterm (50%) and fetal distress (75%). The main clinical manifestations of non-neonatal listeriosis included fever (88%), headache (32%), disorder of consciousness (25%), vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (12%), and convulsions (8%). The fatality rate in neonatal cases was higher than in non-neonatal listeriosis (42 vs. 17%). Although no deaths were reported in maternal listeriosis, only two of 23 patients had an uneventful obstetrical outcome. Five maternal listeriosis delivered culture-positive neonates, three of whom decreased within 1 week post-gestation due to severe complications. Twenty-eight cases were neurolisteriosis and 43 cases were bacteremia. Neurolisteriosis had a higher fatality rate compared with bacteremia listeriosis (36 vs. 12%). The main neuroradiological images were cerebral edema/hydrocephalus, intracranial infection, and cerebral hernia. Listeria monocytogenes showed extremely low resistance to ampicillin (two isolates) and penicillin (one isolate). The fatality risk factors were the involvement of the central nervous system, hyperbilirubinemia, and hyponatremia for all enrolled subjects. Hyperuricemia contributed to the elevation of fatality risk in non-neonatal listeriosis.
CONCLUSIONS
When the patients suffered with symptoms of fever and central nervous system infection, they should be alert to the possibility of listeriosis. Early administration of ampicillin- or penicillin-based therapy might be beneficial for recovery of listeriosis.
PubMed: 38733495
DOI: 10.1007/s40121-024-00986-3