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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Mar 2023Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically,... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Listeriosis; Listeria monocytogenes; Risk Factors; Bacteremia; Food Microbiology
PubMed: 36475874
DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00060-19 -
Virulence Dec 2020Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by . It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause... (Review)
Review
Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by . It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause maternal fever, premature delivery, fetal loss, neonatal systemic and central nervous system infections. Maternal listeriosis is mostly reported during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, as sporadic cases or in the context of outbreaks. Strains belonging to clonal complexes 1, 4 and 6, referred to as hypervirulent, are the most associated to maternal-neonatal infections. Here we review the clinical, pathophysiological, and microbiological features of maternal-neonatal listeriosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32363991
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1759287 -
Microbiology Spectrum May 2019Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium which can be found in soil or water. Infection with the organism can develop after ingestion of... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium which can be found in soil or water. Infection with the organism can develop after ingestion of contaminated food products. Small and large outbreaks of listeriosis have been described. Listeria monocytogenes can cause a number of clinical syndromes, most frequently sepsis, meningitis, and rhombencephalitis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. The latter syndrome mimics the veterinary infection in ruminants called "circling disease". Neonatal infection can occur as a result of maternal chorioamnionitis ("early onset" sepsis) or through passage through a birth canal colonized with Listeria from the gastrointestinal tract. ("late onset" meningitis). Treatment of listeriosis is usually with a combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside but other regimens have been used. The mortality rate is high, reflecting the combination of an immunocompromised host and an often delayed diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Biliary Tract Diseases; Encephalitis; Female; Foodborne Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hepatitis; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Liver Abscess; Meningitis; Meningoencephalitis; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Peritonitis; Pregnancy; Sepsis
PubMed: 31837132
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0014-2018 -
Microbiological Reviews Sep 1991The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated within the past decade as the causative organism in... (Review)
Review
The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an ubiquitous, intracellular pathogen which has been implicated within the past decade as the causative organism in several outbreaks of foodborne disease. Listeriosis, with a mortality rate of about 24%, is found mainly among pregnant women, their fetuses, and immunocompromised persons, with symptoms of abortion, neonatal death, septicemia, and meningitis. Epidemiological investigations can make use of strain-typing procedures such as DNA restriction enzyme analysis or electrophoretic enzyme typing. The organism has a multifactorial virulence system, with the thiol-activated hemolysin, listeriolysin O, being identified as playing a crucial role in the organism's ability to multiply within host phagocytic cells and to spread from cell to cell. The organism occurs widely in food, with the highest incidences being found in meat, poultry, and seafood products. Improved methods for detecting and enumerating the organism in foodstuffs are now available, including those based on the use of monoclonal antibodies, DNA probes, or the polymerase chain reaction. As knowledge of the molecular and applied biology of L. monocytogenes increases, progress can be made in the prevention and control of human infection.
Topics: Animals; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence
PubMed: 1943998
DOI: 10.1128/mr.55.3.476-511.1991 -
Cellular Microbiology Apr 2020Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. It has emerged over the past decades as a major foodborne pathogen, responsible for numerous outbreaks in Western countries, and more recently in Africa. L. monocytogenes' pathogenic properties have been studied in detail, thanks to concomitant advances in biological sciences, in particular molecular biology, cell biology and immunology. L. monocytogenes has also been instrumental to basic advances in life sciences. L. monocytogenes therefore stands both a tool to understand biology and a model in infection biology. This review briefly summarises the clinical and some of the pathophysiological features of listeriosis. In the context of this special issue, it highlights some of the major discoveries made by Pascale Cossart in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology since the mid-eighties regarding the identification and characterisation of multiple bacterial and host factors critical to L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. It also briefly summarises some of the key findings from our laboratory on this topic over the past years.
Topics: Animals; Food Microbiology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Sepsis
PubMed: 32185900
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13186 -
The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary... Oct 2020Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be associated with clinical listeriosis, which is characterised by symptoms such as abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia. In human beings, listeriosis symptoms include encephalitis, septicaemia and meningitis. In addition, listeriosis may cause gastroenteric symptoms in human beings and still births or spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. In the last few years, a number of reported outbreaks and sporadic cases associated with consumption of contaminated meat and meat products with L. monocytogenes have increased in developing countries. A variety of virulence factors play a role in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. This zoonotic pathogen can be diagnosed using both classical microbiological techniques and molecular-based methods. There is limited information about L. monocytogenes recovered from meat and meat products in African countries. This review strives to: (1) provide information on prevalence and control measures of L. monocytogenes along the meat value chain, (2) describe the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes (3) provide an overview of different methods for detection and typing of L. monocytogenes for epidemiological, regulatory and trading purposes and (4) discuss the pathogenicity, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes.
Topics: Africa; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meat; Meat Products
PubMed: 33054262
DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1869 -
Cell Sep 2016Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness...
Acute infections are associated with a set of stereotypic behavioral responses, including anorexia, lethargy, and social withdrawal. Although these so-called sickness behaviors are the most common and familiar symptoms of infections, their roles in host defense are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of anorexia in models of bacterial and viral infections. We found that anorexia was protective while nutritional supplementation was detrimental in bacterial sepsis. Furthermore, glucose was necessary and sufficient for these effects. In contrast, nutritional supplementation protected against mortality from influenza infection and viral sepsis, whereas blocking glucose utilization was lethal. In both bacterial and viral models, these effects were largely independent of pathogen load and magnitude of inflammation. Instead, we identify opposing metabolic requirements tied to cellular stress adaptations critical for tolerance of differential inflammatory states. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyglucose; Disease Management; Fasting; Glucose; Humans; Illness Behavior; Inflammation; Influenza, Human; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeriosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nutritional Support; Poly I-C; Sepsis; Transcription Factor CHOP
PubMed: 27610573
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.07.026 -
Le Infezioni in Medicina Sep 2017Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus and facultative intracellular bacterium whose transmission occurs mainly through the consumption of contaminated food.... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacillus and facultative intracellular bacterium whose transmission occurs mainly through the consumption of contaminated food. Listeriosis has an incidence estimated at around three-six cases per million per year and the most common forms of the infection are neurolisteriosis, bacteraemia, and maternal-neonatal infection. Those affected by listeriosis are at the extremes age of the life or report specific risk factors, such as malignancies, causing a defect of cellular immunity. Patients with L. monocytogenes meningitis present with signs and symptoms similar to those reported in the general population with community-acquired bacterial meningitis, but can experience a longer prodromal phase. Instead, patients with bacteraemia present generally with a febrile illness without focal symptoms, or with influenza-like symptoms and diarrhoea. These aspecific findings make the diagnosis difficult in the population of patients at the highest risk such as cirrhotics or those receiving chemotherapy. Mortality rate is estimated around 20% with a significant increase among those reporting a delay in diagnosis and treatment and in those with severe comorbidity. A number of antibiotics have been demonstrated to be active against L. monocytogenes, but penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin are those used with the highest frequency and suggested by current guidelines and expert opinions. These antibiotics bind to PBP-3 with high affinity and are stored in the cytosol when taken up by cells. Although amoxicillin appears to have a better activity than ampicillin on the basis of in vitro studies, ampicillin is currently the drug of choice for the treatment of listeriosis. Cotrimoxazole could be administered as an alternative treatment; its use is associated with a favourable outcome probably due to the favourable penetration with brain. Quinolones have an excellent tissue and cell penetration and are rapidly bactericidal, but their clinical activity is not as high as we can predict on the basis of experimental model. Linezolid offers a number of advantages in the empiric treatment of meningitis due to its favourable penetration of CSF and the absence of bacteriolytic effect on S. pneumoniae as confirmed by a number of case-series highlighting its use as rescue therapy of pneumococcal meningitis, but data are currently limited particularly if we consider neurolisteriosis. Combination therapies have been proposed to enhance the activity of penicillins against Listeria in an attempt to achieve complete killing and decrease mortality. Steroids use is ineffective.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Contraindications, Drug; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meningitis, Listeria; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28956537
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Oct 1977The incidence, clinical picture, natural history, epidemiology and sequelae of perinatal listeriosis are discussed along with treatment and diagnosis.
The incidence, clinical picture, natural history, epidemiology and sequelae of perinatal listeriosis are discussed along with treatment and diagnosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeriosis; Meningitis, Listeria; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
PubMed: 593981
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.53.624.618 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Aug 2022Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Listeria monocytogenes is a commonly found organism in processed and prepared food and the disease of listeriosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Compared with the general population, the risk of being diagnosed with listeriosis increases during pregnancy. Listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital neonatal infections.
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a universal review of listeriosis in pregnancy and in the newborn.
SEARCH STRATEGY
The EMBASE, PubMed, Cinahl and Web of Science databases were searched for systematic reviews indexed before 1 December 2020.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Any systematic reviews evaluating the prevalence, treatment, diagnosis and effects of listeriosis during pregnancy and up to 4 weeks postnatally were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Eligibility assessment, data extraction and quality assessment by the Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) were performed in duplicate.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified 397 citations of which nine systematic reviews comprising 330 studies and 487 patients' reviews were included. Most systematic reviews (seven of nine) were of moderate to high quality. Prevention in pregnant women was based on adherence to strict dietary recommendations, such as reheating leftovers until steamed and avoiding unpasteurised dairy products. Listeriosis infections were likely to occur in the third trimester (66%) rather than in the first trimester (3%) of pregnancy. Symptoms are mostly fever and other flu-like symptoms, such as fatigue. Diagnosis was primarily made by culture of the pathogen. Intravenous amoxicillin or ampicillin were first-line treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Listeriosis, a rare but serious infectious disease in pregnancy, can cause devastating consequences for the fetus and newborn. Appropriate preventative treatment should be initiated during early pregnancy to avoid complications.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Listeria is commonly found in processed and prepared food. Prevention is the best way to avoid listeriosis during pregnancy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Listeriosis; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Premature Birth; Stillbirth; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 34954888
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17073