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Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official... 2024Native cardiac valves in the setting of chronic injury undergo remodeling that includes fibrous thickening and dystrophic calcification, as well as neovascularization,...
Native cardiac valves in the setting of chronic injury undergo remodeling that includes fibrous thickening and dystrophic calcification, as well as neovascularization, that result in abnormal valve function. In order to characterize the presence of neovascularization in valves, a retrospective review of 1246 sequentially reviewed native cardiac valves of all types was performed, with correlation with other histopathologic features, and clinical and echocardiographic findings. Neovascularization was present in 55.5% of cases, with the greatest prevalence amongst aortic valves. While microvasculature (representing capillaries, venules, and/or lymphatics) was at least present in all cases of valves with neovascularization, arterial vessels were never identified in valves without also the finding of concomitant microvasculature present. Patients with neovascularization had a greater mean age and body mass index compared to those without, and the proportions of cases with significant coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, rheumatic fever, and malignancy were greater in the setting of valves with neovascularization compared to cases without. The rate of neovascularization increased with degree of valve thickening and/or calcification, and stenosis; in contrast, neovascularization was observed at a greater rate with decreasing degrees of regurgitation. The prevalence rates of hemosiderin-laden macrophages, osseous metaplasia, chondromatous metaplasia, smooth muscle, and chronic inflammation were greater in valves with neovascularization compared to valves without. Neovascularization within native cardiac valves is a frequent histopathologic alteration associated with chronic valve disease, likely representing a constituent of structural remodeling that mediates and reflects chronic injury.
Topics: Humans; Aortic Valve; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Retrospective Studies; Inflammation; Metaplasia
PubMed: 38244849
DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107605 -
Biomedical Reports Jan 2024Pulmonary osseous metaplasia is a disease in which mature bone is found within the parenchyma of the lung. The current study presents a case of pulmonary osseous...
Pulmonary osseous metaplasia is a disease in which mature bone is found within the parenchyma of the lung. The current study presents a case of pulmonary osseous metaplasia in a 64-year-old female. The patient was previously diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the lower ureter. During a routine check-up, an enhancing basal lung nodule was found on chest computed tomography scan, which was suspected to be metastatic lung disease. The patient underwent a thoracoscopic resection of the nodule. The histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed it to be myeloid osseous metaplasia. The disease usually has no significant complications and can also be found in association with other pulmonary diseases. Very limited information is available on the phenomenon; therefore, there is no exact treatment guide for clinicians to follow. In conclusion, myeloid osseous metaplasia of the lung is a rare finding, and based on this report, it may be associated with TCC.
PubMed: 38124770
DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1691 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023A 13-year-old neutered male Korean short-hair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, and a severely distended abdomen, suggestive of ascites. Abdominocentesis yielded...
A 13-year-old neutered male Korean short-hair cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, and a severely distended abdomen, suggestive of ascites. Abdominocentesis yielded serosanguineous fluid. A subsequent diagnostic workup, including blood tests, ascitic fluid analysis, imaging studies [radiography, ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT)], and histopathological examination, was performed to identify the underlying cause. Imaging studies revealed characteristics of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) such as peritoneal thickening, fat stranding, and calcification. During laparotomy, fibrous membranes encapsulating the abdominal organs and ascites were observed, and multiple calcified regions were detected on the abdominal wall. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated invasive malignant neoplasms, which were further classified as carcinomatosis based on positive cytokeratin and negative vimentin immunohistochemistry results. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sclerosing peritoneal carcinomatosis with osseous metaplasia in a cat.
PubMed: 38105775
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1298736 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Dec 2023Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is considered the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases are...
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is considered the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases are located in the stomach and usually affects older adults. Most of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cases are sporadic; however, few have a syndromic association, including Carney triad, Carney-Stratakis syndrome, familial gastrointestinal stromal tumor syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type 1.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein, we report a rare case of a 54-year-old Middle-Eastern female with multifocal gastrointestinal stromal tumor mixed type (epithelioid and spindle cell type) with osseous metaplasia. Fluoresce in situ hybridization analysis of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha revealed deletion in 42% of the tumor cells studied. Interestingly, next generation sequencing revealed platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha exon 12 mutation (p.Y555C) and exon 14 mutation (p.N659Y).
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, osseous metaplasia in GIST is a very rare event and only few cases are reported in the literature. The number of reported cases is inadequate to confirm the pathogenesis and the prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Stomach Neoplasms; Metaplasia; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Mutation
PubMed: 38098096
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04262-9 -
Clinical Case Reports Dec 2023A rare form of invasive breast carcinoma, NOS, also known as matrix-producing carcinoma made up of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Usually, they are triple...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
A rare form of invasive breast carcinoma, NOS, also known as matrix-producing carcinoma made up of epithelial and mesenchymal components. Usually, they are triple negative and clinically aggressive and respond poorly to neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
ABSTRACT
Metaplastic breast carcinomas (MBCs) are ductal carcinomas that undergo metaplasia to form nonglandular growth patterns. They are extremely rare, constituting less than 1% of all invasive breast carcinomas. Matrix-producing carcinoma is an exceedingly rare form of MBC distinguished by a ductal carcinomatous component with direct transition to areas of cartilaginous or osseous differentiation without the presence of an intervening spindle cell element. MBCs are clinically aggressive, but matrix-producing subtypes have a relatively better prognosis. The tumors are usually triple negative. Therefore, surgery and chemotherapy are the main therapeutic approaches. Our report describes this unique form of MBC with prominent osseous differentiation in a 33-year-old female patient. Its distinct histological features and peculiar clinical behavior necessitate a thorough understanding of this one-of-a-kind disease entity.
PubMed: 38089485
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8320 -
New Zealand Veterinary Journal Mar 2024An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed...
CASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS
An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology. No recurrence has been observed 7 months after amputation.
PATHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR FINDINGS
Histology revealed a moderately well-circumscribed proliferation of well-differentiated squamous cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. Numerous thin spicules of osseous metaplasia were visible throughout the neoplasm. Around 70% of the neoplastic cells contained papillomavirus-induced cell changes including large amphophilic cytoplasmic bodies and cells with shrunken nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. Intense p16 protein immunostaining was visible within the neoplastic cells, suggesting papillomavirus-induced changes in cell regulation. A DNA sequence from a putative novel type was amplified from the neoplasm
DIAGNOSIS
Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus type.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The findings in this case increase the number of papillomavirus types known to infect cats, and the squamous cell carcinoma had histological features that have not been previously reported. The neoplasm was not as invasive as is typical for a squamous cell carcinoma and excision appeared curative. This is the first report of an osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin of cats and the neoplasm had a unique radiographic appearance.
Topics: Male; Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Skin Neoplasms; Skin; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 38043925
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2285294 -
Gynecology and Minimally Invasive... 2023Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is an uncommon clinical entity with the presence of bone in the endometrium which requires clinical and therapeutic framework. It is...
Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is an uncommon clinical entity with the presence of bone in the endometrium which requires clinical and therapeutic framework. It is also described by various other names such as endometrial ossification, ectopic intrauterine bone, and heterotopic intrauterine bone. Ossification could have various locations as the cervix the ovary, and the vagina. This overview highlights the attention on the actual pivotal points of EOM.
PubMed: 38034103
DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_89_22 -
American Journal of Clinical Pathology May 2024Cytology reports of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) are rare and limited to short series and simple case reports. To adapt cytology diagnostic criteria to the most...
OBJECTIVES
Cytology reports of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) are rare and limited to short series and simple case reports. To adapt cytology diagnostic criteria to the most recent fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Breast Tumours from 2019, we have reviewed our series from the files of the Institut Curie.
METHODS
A cohort of 66 female patients investigated by cytology with corresponding histologic diagnosis of MBC was identified. Eight cytologic characteristics were analyzed: cellularity, adenocarcinoma cells, squamous cells, spindle cells, giant cells, cytonuclear atypia, necrosis, and osseous/chondroid matrix and compared with histology.
RESULTS
Cytologic diagnoses were malignant in 58 (88%) cases (of which 29 cases were typed cytologically as MBC), suspicious in 6 (9%) cases, and nondiagnostic in 2 (3%) cases. None of the cytologic examinations was a benign diagnosis. Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma and fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma exhibited a low degree of cellular atypia. Fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) presented spindle cells, while SpCC also demonstrated varying degrees of atypia, the presence of giant cells, and necrosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was characterized by the presence of squamous cells, and metaplastic carcinoma with osseous/chondroid differentiation displayed an osseous/chondroid matrix.
CONCLUSIONS
Fine-needle aspiration holds considerable potential as a valid, independent, and complementary approach to histologic examination of MBC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Aged; Adult; Metaplasia; Aged, 80 and over; Cytodiagnosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37987613
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad144 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jan 2024Primary cardiac tumors in animals are very rare. The purpose of this report was to describe the first case of a cardiac tumor comprising a malignant peripheral nerve...
Primary cardiac tumors in animals are very rare. The purpose of this report was to describe the first case of a cardiac tumor comprising a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and spontaneous atrial osseous metaplasia in a Corriedale sheep. Histologically, the tumor in the bilateral atrial pericardium consisted of dense cellular components comprising tumor cells and a sparse cellular area, and non-neoplastic mature bone tissue. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped, round, or polygonal, and proliferating, with fascicular, storiform, palisading, and sheet patterns. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, S-100, occasionally positive for myeline basic protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament, neuron specific enolase, and neuron growth factor receptor suggesting that they originated from the nervous system. On the basis of these findings, the final diagnosis was a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and spontaneous atrial osseous metaplasia.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Neurofibrosarcoma; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Immunohistochemistry; S100 Proteins; Heart Neoplasms; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 37967950
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0247 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2023An adult male presented to the ENT clinic with a 1-year history of unilateral nasal blockage. He had presented to another institution 5 years previously with the same...
An adult male presented to the ENT clinic with a 1-year history of unilateral nasal blockage. He had presented to another institution 5 years previously with the same issue, undergoing resection of what was reported to be a benign inflammatory polyp with osseous metaplasia. Detailed examination revealed a large mass filling the left nasal cavity. Excisional biopsy and secondary specialist review of pathology revealed nasal chondromesenchymal hamartoma (NCMH) with associated DICER1 mutations. NCMH is a rare, benign tumour of the sinonasal tract, presenting more often in the early childhood, with symptoms related to the site and extent of the tumour. As highlighted in this case, complete excision is mandatory for definitive diagnosis and treatment of NCMH, and an awareness of the association with DICER1 mutation, which can predispose individuals to a range of neoplasia, is key to providing appropriate genetic counselling.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child, Preschool; Adult; Hamartoma; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Cavity; Paranasal Sinuses; Mutation; Ribonuclease III; DEAD-box RNA Helicases
PubMed: 37967930
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-254457