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International Journal of Molecular... May 2024, a zoonotic pathogen that produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT), causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. However, its...
, a zoonotic pathogen that produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT), causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. However, its mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we expressed PMT, purified it in a prokaryotic expression system, and found that it killed PK15 cells. The host factor CXCL8 was significantly upregulated among the differentially expressed genes in a transcriptome sequencing analysis and qPCR verification. We constructed a CXCL8-knockout cell line with a CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that CXCL8 knockout significantly increased resistance to PMT-induced cell apoptosis. CXCL8 knockout impaired the cleavage efficiency of apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase3, Caspase8, and PARP1, as demonstrated with Western blot. In conclusion, these findings establish that CXCL8 facilitates PMT-induced PK15 cell death, which involves apoptotic pathways; this observation documents that CXCL8 plays a key role in PMT-induced PK15 cell death.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Toxins; Caspase 8; Cell Line; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Gene Knockout Techniques; Interleukin-8; Pasteurella multocida; Swine; Pasteurella Infections
PubMed: 38791369
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105330 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2024is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is commonly transmitted through animal bites including cats and dogs. The degree of infection can be worrisome in the...
is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is commonly transmitted through animal bites including cats and dogs. The degree of infection can be worrisome in the immunosuppressed population with a stark correlation in patients with cirrhosis. However, taking that population into account, only 13 cases of bacteraemia have been recorded with the majority of those cases having cirrhotic liver disease along with multiple comorbidities. Here, we present an elderly patient with only pertinent medical history of mixed hyperlipidaemia who presents after a mechanical fall with acute renal failure and septic shock secondary to bacteraemia.
Topics: Humans; Pasteurella Infections; Bacteremia; Pasteurella multocida; Male; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Shock, Septic; Acute Kidney Injury
PubMed: 38789270
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-259681 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Pradofloxacin-a dual-targeting fluoroquinolone-is the most recent approved for use in food animals. Minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentration values were...
Pradofloxacin-a dual-targeting fluoroquinolone-is the most recent approved for use in food animals. Minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentration values were determined for pradofloxacin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, marbofloxacin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. For strains, MIC values were ≤0.016/≤0.016/≤0.016 and MPC values were 0.031/0.063/0.063; for strains, the MIC values ≤0.016/≤0.016/0.031 and MPC ≤ 0.016/0.031/0.063 for pradofloxacin. The pradofloxacin C/MIC and C/MPC values for and strains, respectively, were 212.5 and 53.9 and 212.5 and 109.7. Similarly, AUC/MIC and AUC/MPC for were 825 and 209.5, and for they were 825 and 425.8. Pradofloxacin would exceed the mutant selection window for >12-16 h. Pradofloxacin appears to have a low likelihood for resistance selection against key bovine respiratory disease bacterial pathogens based on low MIC and MPC values.
PubMed: 38787251
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050399 -
Veterinary Sciences Apr 2024The waterfowl industry represents a narrow, yet economically significant, sector within the poultry industry. Although less prominent, the waterfowl sector is...
The waterfowl industry represents a narrow, yet economically significant, sector within the poultry industry. Although less prominent, the waterfowl sector is nonetheless of equal importance to any other livestock sector in terms of antimicrobial resistance and animal health issues. This study assesses the antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial strains isolated from clinical cases in Hungary's duck and goose populations, determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 27 samples collected from 15 different locations. The results indicate that the isolated strains were susceptible to most antibiotics, except for notable resistance to enrofloxacin. These findings support that largely retained its susceptibility. However, the observed resistance to enrofloxacin suggests overuse of fluoroquinolones, which indicates the potential need for stricter regulation of their use in the poultry industry.
PubMed: 38787166
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11050194 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important animal health problems in the beef industry. While bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility...
Bacterial enrichment prior to third-generation metagenomic sequencing improves detection of BRD pathogens and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in feedlot cattle.
INTRODUCTION
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important animal health problems in the beef industry. While bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing have been used for diagnostic testing, the common practice of examining one isolate per species does not fully reflect the bacterial population in the sample. In contrast, a recent study with metagenomic sequencing of nasal swabs from feedlot cattle is promising in terms of bacterial pathogen identification and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing was impeded by the high proportion of host biomass in the nasal swab samples.
METHODS
This pilot study employed a non-selective bacterial enrichment step before nucleic acid extraction to increase the relative proportion of bacterial DNA for sequencing.
RESULTS
Non-selective bacterial enrichment increased the proportion of bacteria relative to host sequence data, allowing increased detection of BRD pathogens compared with unenriched samples. This process also allowed for enhanced detection of ARGs with species-level resolution, including detection of ARGs for bacterial species of interest that were not targeted for culture and susceptibility testing. The long-read sequencing approach enabled ARG detection on individual bacterial reads without the need for assembly. Metagenomics following non-selective bacterial enrichment resulted in substantial agreement for four of six comparisons with culture for respiratory bacteria and substantial or better correlation with qPCR. Comparison between isolate susceptibility results and detection of ARGs was best for macrolide ARGs in reads but was also substantial for sulfonamide ARGs within and reads and tetracycline ARGs in reads.
DISCUSSION
By increasing the proportion of bacterial DNA relative to host DNA through non-selective enrichment, we demonstrated a corresponding increase in the proportion of sequencing data identifying BRD-associated pathogens and ARGs in deep nasopharyngeal swabs from feedlot cattle using long-read metagenomic sequencing. This method shows promise as a detection strategy for BRD pathogens and ARGs and strikes a balance between processing time, input costs, and generation of on-target data. This approach could serve as a valuable tool to inform antimicrobial management for BRD and support antimicrobial stewardship.
PubMed: 38779502
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386319 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Gasdermin (GSDM) proteins are executioners of pyroptosis in many species. Gasdermin proteins can be cleaved at their linker region between the amino domain (NT) and...
Gasdermin (GSDM) proteins are executioners of pyroptosis in many species. Gasdermin proteins can be cleaved at their linker region between the amino domain (NT) and carboxyl domain (CT) by enzymes. The released GSDM-NTs bind cell membrane and form pores, thereby leading to the release of cellular components and lytic cell death. GSDM-mediated pyroptosis is considered to play important role in immune responses. However, little is known about the GSDM proteins and GSDM-mediated pyroptosis in birds. In the current study, genes encoding chicken gasdermin A (chGSDMA) and chGSDME were cloned. The cleavage of chGSDMA and chGSDME by chicken caspase-1 (chCASP1), chCASP3 and chCASP7 and the cleavage sites were determined. The chGSDMA-NT obtained form chCASP1-mediated cleavage and chGSDME-NT obtained from chCASP3/chCASP7-mediated cleavage could bind and damage cell membrane and lead to cell death of HEK293 cells. chGSDMA-NT also strongly localized to and formed puncta in nucleus. Besides, both chGSDMA-NT and chGSDME-NT showed growth inhibition and bactericidal activity to bacteria. In chickens challenged with Pasteurella multocida and Salmonella typhimurium, the expression of chGSDMA and chGSDME was upregulated and the activation of chCASP3 and the cleavage of chGSDME were observed. The work provides essential information for expanding our knowledge on pyroptosis in birds.
Topics: Animals; Pyroptosis; Chickens; Humans; HEK293 Cells; Caspases; Pasteurella multocida; Proteolysis; Avian Proteins; Amino Acid Sequence; Gasdermins
PubMed: 38777016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132476 -
Theriogenology Aug 2024The vaginal microbiota of the queen (i.e., female cat) has never been described using culture independent methods. The objectives of the present research were to...
The vaginal microbiota of the queen (i.e., female cat) has never been described using culture independent methods. The objectives of the present research were to describe the vaginal microbiota of healthy domestic shorthair queens using both 16S rRNA sequencing and culture, and to assess the effects of age, living environment, and reproductive season on its composition. Thirty queens undergoing elective ovariectomy were included in the study. The vaginal samples were collected just before surgery, from animals under general anaesthesia. Two consecutive mini-swabs were introduced in the queens' vaginal tract. A preliminary study with 10 healthy queens aimed to negate sampling order's effect. Two consecutive samples for sequencing (5 queens, 10 swabs) and culture (5 queens, 10 swabs) were collected, confirming a match (100 % in culture, Bray-Curtis P = 0.96 in sequencing). The experiment included 20 queens that were prospectively grouped based on age (prepubertal N = 10, adult N = 10), living environment (indoor N = 10, outdoor N = 10), and time of the year, whether during the reproductive season (N = 10) or during seasonal anoestrous (N = 10). Bacteria were identified through metataxonomic analysis, amplifying the V1-V2 regions of 16S rRNA gene, and through standard culture followed by MALDI-TOF MS. The feline vaginal microbiota is dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria. Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, and Pasteurella were the most abundant genera. Although culture underestimated bacterial richness and diversity compared to sequencing, Escherichia and Streptococcus were the most isolated bacteria. No bacterial growth was observed in 15 % of samples (N = 3/20), whereas growth of one or two bacterial species was observed in 64.7 % (N = 11/17) and 35.3 % (N = 6/17) of cases, respectively. No differences in terms of alpha (Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test P = 0.65) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis, Unweighted and Weighted UniFrac analyses P > 0.5) were observed. Although a difference in alpha diversity based on phylogenetic tree (P = 0.02) was detected between indoor and outdoor queens. In conclusion, mixed and monoculture of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus canis, Staphylococcus felis, and Enterococcus spp. are normal findings within the cat vagina. Age and reproductive season do not influence the feline vaginal microbiota, whereas further research is needed to elucidate the role of the living environment.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Female; Vagina; Microbiota; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Seasons
PubMed: 38772246
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.021 -
PloS One 2024Swine atrophic rhinitis is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica that affects pigs. Inactivated vaccines containing the toxins produced...
Swine atrophic rhinitis is a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica that affects pigs. Inactivated vaccines containing the toxins produced by Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica have been widely used for the prevention of swine atrophic rhinitis. The efficacy of a vaccine is correlated with the amount of antigen present; however, the protective toxin of P. multocida bound to aluminum hydroxide, which is used as an adjuvant, can hinder the monitoring of the antigen concentration in the vaccine. This study assessed the applicability of a dot immunoassay as an antigen quantification method using monoclonal antibodies. This quantification method was able to detect the antigen with high specificity and sensitivity even when the antigen was bound to the adjuvant, and its application to vaccine products revealed a correlation between the amount of antigen present in the vaccine and the neutralizing antibody titers induced in pigs. The antigen quantification method presented in this study is a simple and sensitive assay capable of quantifying the amount of antigen present in a vaccine that can be used as an alternative quality control measure.
Topics: Animals; Pasteurella multocida; Swine; Rhinitis, Atrophic; Bacterial Vaccines; Aluminum Hydroxide; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antigens, Bacterial; Swine Diseases; Bordetella bronchiseptica; Antibodies, Bacterial; Pasteurella Infections; Antibodies, Neutralizing
PubMed: 38768145
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301688 -
Cureus Apr 2024is a gram-negative coccobacilli commonly colonized in the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts of animals. Infections due to range in severity, and...
is a gram-negative coccobacilli commonly colonized in the oral, nasopharyngeal, and upper respiratory tracts of animals. Infections due to range in severity, and symptoms largely depend on underlying immune status and co-morbid conditions. Widely known, the transmission of is commonly thought to occur through biting and skin breakage alone. However, multiple studies have highlighted instances of severe complications secondary to transmission through the passage of through animal licking alone without skin disruption. Here, we present a case of a nonagenarian female presenting with septic shock secondary to with the source of transmission found to be secondary to the patient's dog licking her chronic leg wounds. We also highlight other instances of similar transmission through a literature review, including common treatment courses. We aim to raise awareness of common transmissions of bacteria, specifically , along with broadening differentials when one presents with skin and soft tissue infections.
PubMed: 38765386
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58554 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology May 2024Reports of primary cardiovascular disease in goats are rare and most commonly include ventricular septal defect, valvular endocarditis, traumatic pericarditis, ionophore...
Reports of primary cardiovascular disease in goats are rare and most commonly include ventricular septal defect, valvular endocarditis, traumatic pericarditis, ionophore poisoning and nutritional cardiomyopathies. We now report the pathological findings in a 67 kg, 6-year-old, adult female Boer goat that presented with neurological signs (ie, head pressing, unsteadiness and paddling) and hyperthermia 2 days prior to death. Lack of therapeutic response to meloxicam and penicillin‒streptomycin and poor prognosis led to euthanasia of the animal. At necropsy, the main findings included severe aortic dissection with luminal thrombosis and stenosis, and pulmonary congestion and oedema. Histological examination of the aorta revealed severe chronic granulomatous and fibrosing dissecting aortitis with mineralization. Bacterial culture of the affected aortic segment resulted in isolation of a profuse growth of Pasteurella multocida and a moderate growth of Staphylococcus spp. Histopathological findings in the central nervous system were consistent with neurolisteriosis.
Topics: Animals; Pasteurella multocida; Goats; Goat Diseases; Pasteurella Infections; Female; Staphylococcal Infections; Aortic Dissection
PubMed: 38759507
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2024.04.002