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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Feb 2024The treatment of acne vulgaris is often challenging due to the antibiotic resistance frequently observed in Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes), a prevalent bacterium linked...
BACKGROUND
The treatment of acne vulgaris is often challenging due to the antibiotic resistance frequently observed in Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes), a prevalent bacterium linked to this condition.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this research was to examine the impact of curcumin photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the survival of C.acnes and activity of biofilms produced by this microorganism.
METHODS
Following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, we assessed the drug sensitivity of 25 clinical C.acnes strains to five antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline) and curcumin by implementing the broth microdilution technique. In addition, we established C.acnes biofilms in a laboratory setting and subjected them to curcumin-PDT(curcumin combined with blue light of 180 J/cm). Afterwards, we evaluated their viability using the XTT assay and observed them using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
RESULTS
The result revealed varying resistance rates among the tested antibiotics and curcumin, with erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, and curcumin exhibiting resistance rates of 72 %, 44 %, 36 %, 28 %, 0 %, and 100 %, respectively. In the curcumin-PDT inhibition tests against four representative antibiotic-resistant strains, it was found that the survival rate of all strains of planktonic C. acnes was reduced, and the higher the concentration of curcumin, the lower the survival rate. Furthermore, in the biofilm inhibition tests, the vitality and three-dimensional structure of the biofilms were disrupted, and the inhibitory effect became more significant with higher concentrations of curcumin.
CONCLUSION
The results emphasize the possibility of using curcumin PDT as an alternative approach for the treatment of C.acnes, especially in instances of antibiotic-resistant variations and infections related to biofilms.
Topics: Humans; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Curcumin; Minocycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Erythromycin; Tetracycline; Biofilms; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 38070633
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103928 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Maxim is an annual herb with many potential purposes in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical fields. At present, the extract of the whole plant from has been...
Maxim is an annual herb with many potential purposes in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical fields. At present, the extract of the whole plant from has been proven to demonstrate antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies focused on the enzyme pretreatment in hydrodistillation from . However, organic solvent or supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO) methods, which are commonly utilized in industry, have seldom been studied and cannot provide multiple evaluations of yield. In this work, we analysed compounds from by HPLC-DAD, discussed -hexane extraction, and conducted further investigations on SFE-CO through the design of response surface methodology (RSM). The sample obtained from pilot-scale SFE-CO was also tested against nine kinds of microorganisms. Single-factor results revealed that the extraction rates from by steam distillation, -hexane extraction, and SFE-CO were 1%, 2.09%, and 3.26%, respectively. RSM results showed a significant improvement in extraction rate through optimising pressure and time, and the interaction of both factors was more important than that of temperature-pressure and temperature-time. A pilot-scale test with an extraction rate of 3.34% indicated that the predicted RSM condition was operable. In addition, samples from the pilot-scale SFE-CO showed antibacterial effects against three previously unreported bacteria (, methicillin-resistant , and ). These results fill the gap in previous research and provide more information for the application and development of in the future.
Topics: Oils, Volatile; Carbon Dioxide; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Lamiaceae; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
PubMed: 38067455
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237724 -
Nature Communications Dec 2023Acne is a dermatologic disease with a strong pathologic association with human commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Conspicuously, certain C. acnes phylotypes are associated...
Acne is a dermatologic disease with a strong pathologic association with human commensal Cutibacterium acnes. Conspicuously, certain C. acnes phylotypes are associated with acne, whereas others are associated with healthy skin. Here we investigate if the evolution of a C. acnes enzyme contributes to health or acne. Two hyaluronidase variants exclusively expressed by C. acnes strains, HylA and HylB, demonstrate remarkable clinical correlation with acne or health. We show that HylA is strongly pro-inflammatory, and HylB is modestly anti-inflammatory in a murine (female) acne model. Structural and phylogenic studies suggest that the enzymes evolved from a common hyaluronidase that acquired distinct enzymatic activity. Health-associated HylB degrades hyaluronic acid (HA) exclusively to HA disaccharides leading to reduced inflammation, whereas HylA generates large-sized HA fragments that drive robust TLR2-dependent pathology. Replacing an amino acid, Serine to Glycine near the HylA catalytic site enhances the enzymatic activity of HylA and produces an HA degradation pattern intermediate to HylA and HylB. Selective targeting of HylA using peptide vaccine or inhibitors alleviates acne pathology. We suggest that the functional divergence of HylA and HylB is a major driving force behind C. acnes health- and acne- phenotype and propose targeting of HylA as an approach for acne therapy.
Topics: Humans; Female; Animals; Mice; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Skin; Acne Vulgaris; Propionibacterium acnes; Amino Acids
PubMed: 38052825
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43833-8 -
Environmental Research Feb 2024The Andrographis paniculata recognized as most valuable medicinal plant in folk medicine. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate antibacterial potential of...
The Andrographis paniculata recognized as most valuable medicinal plant in folk medicine. Hence, this research was designed to evaluate antibacterial potential of petroleum ether (PE) and methanol (ME) extracts of A. paniculata against skin infection causing bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, and Propionibacterium acnes. Also assessed the antidiabetic (α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition assay), antioxidant, and photoprotective potential of PE and ME extract analyses. The major bioactive compounds were identified and characterized through UV, FTIR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectra analyses. The ME extract contain more number of phytochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycoside, protein, and phytosterol) than PE extract. The antibacterial activity result also revealed that the ME (as dose dependent) extract showed better activity at 250 mg mL as in the following order: P. acnes (6-29 mm) > K. pneumoniae (3-28 mm) > S. aureus (3-27 mm) > P. vulgaris (3-26 mm) > S. pyogenes (2-25 mm) > E. aerogenes (1-23 mm). PE: E. aerogenes (3-20 mm) > P. vulgaris (2-19 mm) > P. acnes (3-18 mm) > K. pneumoniae (3-17 mm) > S. aureus (2-16 mm) > S. pyogenes (0-11 mm). The MIC value of ME extract was found as 100-150 mg mL and it was better than PE extract. Similarly, the ME also possesses dose based α-glucosidase inhibition activity as up to 85% at 250 mg mL concentration. The fluorescence spectra analysis method also stated that the ME extract possess photoprotective bioactive agent. The ME fractions (F01 and F02) obtained from TLC and column chromatogram were identified as 3-O-β-d-glucosyl-14- deoxyandrographiside and 14-deoxyandrographolide respectively through UV, FTIR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectra analyses. Such compounds may be responsible for significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria causing skin infections, excellent antidiabetic activity, as well as photoprotective potential.
Topics: Andrographis paniculata; Plant Extracts; Staphylococcus aureus; alpha-Glucosidases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Hypoglycemic Agents; Solvents; Methanol
PubMed: 38029828
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117763 -
Environmental Research Feb 2024The anti-dermatophytic (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and...
Antibacterial, antidiabetic, acute toxicity, antioxidant, and nephroproductive competence of extracts of Lannea coromandelica fruit through in-vitro and in-vivo animal model investigation.
The anti-dermatophytic (Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) and nephroprotective activities of methanol and aqueous extracts obtained from Lannea coromandelica fruit were investigated through in-vitro (agar well diffusion method) and in-vivo (animal model) study. The methanol extract showed considerable antibacterial activity against selective bacterial pathogens at increased concentration (15.0 mg mL) in the following order P. vulgaris (35.2 ± 1.6 mm) > E. aerogenes (32.1 ± 2.1 mm) > K. pneumoniae (29.3±2 mm) > P. acnes (28.2 ± 2.4 mm) > S. aureus (25.5 ± 2.4 mm) > S. pyogenes (24.3 ± 2.1 mm) than aqueous extract. The MIC values of this methanol and aqueous extract was found as 2.5-7.5 mg mL and 5.0 to 1.0 mg mL respectively. Different treatment sets (A-E) on a rat-based animal model study revealed that the methanol extract has excellent antioxidant and nephroprotective activity, as well as favorable effects on essential biochemical substances involved in active metabolic activities. As demonstrated by histopathological and microscopic examination, the biologically active chemical present in methanol extract had a positive effect on serum markers, enzyme, and non-enzyme-based antioxidant activities, as well as lowering the toxicity caused by EG in the rat (as nephroprotective activity) renal cells.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Antioxidants; Plant Extracts; Methanol; Fruit; Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Water; Anacardiaceae
PubMed: 38029826
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117767 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations,...
INTRODUCTION
The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations, sparse efforts have been made to characterize the microbes associated with thyroid cancer. In this study, we examine the microbial profile of thyroid cancer.
METHODS
We sequenced the whole transcriptome of 70 thyroid cancers (40 papillary and 30 anaplastic). Using Infectious Pathogen Detector IPD 2.0, we analysed the relative abundance of 1060 microbes across 70 tumours from patients with thyroid cancer against 118 tumour samples from patients with breast, cervical, colorectal, and tongue cancer.
RESULTS
Our analysis reveals a significant prevalence of in 58.6% thyroid cancer samples compared to other cancer types (). Immune cell fraction analysis between thyroid cancer samples with high and low loads identify enrichment of immunosuppressive cells, including Tregs (), and other anti-inflammatory cytokines in the tumour microenvironment, suggesting an immune evasion/immunosuppression is associated with the infection. A higher burden of was also found to be associated with poor survival defining a distinct sub-group of thyroid cancer.
CONCLUSION
is associated with immune suppression and poor prognosis in a subpopulation of thyroid cancer. This study may help design novel therapeutic measures involving appropriate antibiotics to manage the disease better.
Topics: Humans; Propionibacterium acnes; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Base Sequence; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38027096
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1152514 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate...
Dry rose extract (DRE) obtained industrially by aqueous ethanol extraction from flowers and its phenolic-enriched fraction, obtained by re-extraction with ethyl acetate (EAE) were the subject of this study. H NMR of DRE allowed the identification and quantitation of fructose and glucose, while the combined use of HPLC-DAD-ESIMS and HPLC-HRMS showed the presence of 14 kaempferol glycosides, 12 quercetin glycosides, 4 phenolic acids and their esters, 4 galloyl glycosides, 7 ellagitannins, and quinic acid. In addition, the structures of 13 of the flavonoid glycosides were further confirmed by NMR. EAE was found to be richer in TPC and TFC and showed better antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) compared to DRE. Both extracts displayed significant activity against , , and , but showed no activity against Toxicity tests on normal human skin fibroblasts revealed low toxicity for both extracts with stronger effects observed at 24 hours of treatment that were compensated for over the following two days. Human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells exhibited an opposite response after treatment with a concentration above 350 µg/mL for EAE and 500 µg/mL for DRE, showing increased toxicity after the third day of treatment. Lower concentrations were non-toxic and did not significantly affect the cell cycle parameters of either of the cell lines.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Rosa; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Phytochemicals; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 38005389
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227666 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Feb 2024The objective of this study is to determine whether the deep tissues are inoculated during surgery with the Cutibacterium acnes still present in the skin after the...
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study is to determine whether the deep tissues are inoculated during surgery with the Cutibacterium acnes still present in the skin after the surgical preparation in reverse shoulder arthroplasties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prospective study including patients undergoing surgery with reverse shoulder arthroplasty. All the patients received preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin (2 g IV) and the skin was prepared with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% isopropyl alcohol. From all the patients, 9 cultures were obtained after the antibiotic was administrated and the skin surgically prepared. The cultures were sent to isolate C. acnes. DNA was extracted from the C. acnes isolated colonies. Isolate nucleotide distances were calculated using the Genome-based distance matrix calculator from the Enveomics collection toolbox.
RESULTS
The study included 90 patients. C. acnes was isolated in 24 patients (26.6%) with a total of 61 positive cultures. There were 12 phylotype II, 27 IB and 22 IA. In 9 patients, C. acnes was present in both skin and deep tissues, and they constituted the sample to be studied by means of genomic analysis. In 7 out of the 9 patients, deep tissue samples clustered closer to at least one of its corresponding skin isolates when compared to the other independent bacterial ones.
CONCLUSIONS
The C. acnes present in the skin at the beginning of the surgery are the same as those found in the deep tissues at the end of the surgery. This result strengthens the possibility that the C. acnes is delivered from the skin to the deep tissues.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder; Shoulder Joint; Prospective Studies; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Skin; Propionibacterium acnes; Shoulder
PubMed: 37994944
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05125-0 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023is a protozoan parasite and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in the world, primarily affecting very young children and immunocompromised patients. While...
is a protozoan parasite and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in the world, primarily affecting very young children and immunocompromised patients. While infection is usually self-limiting, it can become chronic and even lethal in these vulnerable populations, in whom treatments are generally ineffective, due to their acting in concert with a functioning immune system. Here, we describe a case of chronic cryptosporidiosis in a European child with severe CD40L immunodeficiency infected with of the IIa20G1 subgenotype, a lineage which has thus far only ever been described in the Middle East. After years of on-off treatment with conventional and non-conventional anti-parasitic drugs failed to clear parasitosis, we performed targeted metagenomics to observe the bacterial composition of the patient's gut microbiota (GM), and to evaluate fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a potential treatment option. We found that infection led to significant shifts in GM bacterial composition in our patient, with consequent shifts in predicted intestinal functional signatures consistent with a state of persistent inflammation. This, combined with the patient's poor prognosis and increasing parasitic burden despite many rounds of anti-parasitic drug treatments, made the patient a potential candidate for an experimental FMT procedure. Unfortunately, given the many comorbidities that were precipitated by the patient's immunodeficiency and chronic infection, FMT was postponed in favor of more urgently necessary liver and bone marrow transplants. Tragically, after the first liver transplant failed, the patient lost his life before undergoing FMT and a second liver transplant. With this case report, we present the first description of how cryptosporidiosis can shape the gut microbiota of a pediatric patient with severe immunodeficiency. Finally, we discuss how both our results and the current scientific literature suggest that GM modulations, either by probiotics or FMT, can become novel treatment options for chronic infection and its consequent complications, especially in those patients who do not respond to the currently available anti-parasitic therapies.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Cryptosporidiosis; CD40 Ligand; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cryptosporidium; Intestines; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Parasites; Cryptosporidium parvum; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37965266
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1281440 -
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular... Nov 2023In this article, we present the case of a 47-year-old man who underwent Bentall-Bono procedure and frozen elephant trunk prosthesis implantation due to severe aortic...
In this article, we present the case of a 47-year-old man who underwent Bentall-Bono procedure and frozen elephant trunk prosthesis implantation due to severe aortic regurgitation and aortic dilatation with a second-time endovascular stent-graft repair in descending aorta. Over eight years, a subacute graft infection by Propionibacterium acnes was developed, culminating in cardiogenic shock secondary to severe aortic regurgitation due to a complete aortic root dehiscence because of multiple aortic pseudoaneurysms. The patient underwent emergency surgery in which the replacement of the graft by a biological valve tube was performed accompanied by a complete debranching of the three supra-aortic vessels.
PubMed: 37947185
DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2023-0186