-
Surgical Neurology International 2023Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis (CVO) is a rare pathology that leads to progressive osseous degradation and eventual loss of bone putting the patient at risk of...
BACKGROUND
Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis (CVO) is a rare pathology that leads to progressive osseous degradation and eventual loss of bone putting the patient at risk of devastating neurological injury in the event of bony collapse or instability. formerly called is rare, but within the last two decades has been an increasingly reported cause of osteomyelitis. The majority of vertebral osteomyelitis cases have been reported in patients with a history of prior invasive procedures where direct contamination at the time of procedure was suspected as the underlying etiology.
CASE DESCRIPTION
We report a unique case of an otherwise healthy 39-year-old male with no prior history of invasive procedures who presented with CVO secondary to . He underwent surgical debridement and fusion in conjunction with antibiotic treatment. The patient recovered well and a 2-year follow-up with serial imaging showed no evidence of disease recurrence.
CONCLUSION
is an under-recognized and under-reported etiology of spine infections. Clinicians should be aware of the pathological potential and atypical presentation of vertebral osteomyelitis.
PubMed: 37941631
DOI: 10.25259/SNI_542_2023 -
Unveiling the dynamics of the breast milk microbiome: impact of lactation stage and gestational age.Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2023Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and...
BACKGROUND
Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and digestive systems. While BM was conventionally believed to be sterile, recent advanced high throughput technologies have unveiled the presence of diverse microbial communities in BM. These insights into the BM microbiota have mainly originated from uncomplicated pregnancies, possibly not reflecting the circumstances of mothers with pregnancy complications like preterm birth (PTB).
METHODS
In this article, we investigated the BM microbial communities in mothers with preterm deliveries (before 37 weeks of gestation). We compared these samples with BM samples from healthy term pregnancies across different lactation stages (colostrum, transitional and mature milk) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed that the microbial communities became increasingly diverse and compositionally distinct as the BM matured. Specifically, mature BM samples were significantly enriched in Veillonella and lactobacillus (Kruskal Wallis; p < 0.001) compared to colostrum. The comparison of term and preterm BM samples showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups (Bray Curtis and unweighted unifrac dissimilarity; p < 0.001). Preterm BM samples exhibited increased species richness with significantly higher abundance of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Propionibacterium acnes, unclassified Corynebacterium species. Whereas term samples were enriched in Staphylococcus epidermidis, unclassified OD1, and unclassified Veillonella among others.
CONCLUSION
Our study underscores the significant influence of pregnancy-related complications, such as preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), on the composition and diversity of BM microbiota. Given the established significance of the maternal microbiome in shaping child health outcomes, this investigation paves the way for identifying modifiable factors that could optimize the composition of BM microbiota, thereby promoting maternal and infant health.
Topics: Infant; Pregnancy; Female; Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Milk, Human; Gestational Age; Premature Birth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Lactation; Microbiota
PubMed: 37932773
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04656-9 -
Experimental Dermatology Jan 2024
Treatment of acne patients with isotretinoin increases β-diversity of a putative health-associated strain of Cutibacterium acnes within the follicular microbiome of responders.
Topics: Humans; Isotretinoin; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Propionibacterium acnes; Microbiota
PubMed: 37891715
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14967 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Anaerobiosis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37882098
DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002897 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2023The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) employing different, lower 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dosages on the...
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) employing different, lower 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dosages on the proliferative activity of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes).
METHODS
In this in vitro bacterial experiment, we examined the effects of PDT using different doses of ALA (0.05 mmol/L; 0.1 mmol/L; 0.5 mmol/L; 1.0 mmol/L; 2.5 mmol/L). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed colony-forming units (CFUs), bacterial staining for live/dead, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression of oxidative stress markers following treatment with different doses of ALA-PDT.
RESULTS
Our findings demonstrate that CFU, bacterial staining for live/dead, as well as the activity and gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), all exhibited significant increases when the ALA concentration was 0.1/0.5 mmol/L. However, both CFU and cell growth of C. acnes decreased when the ALA concentration reached 1.0 mmol/L.
CONCLUSION
Lower concentration of ALA-PDT (0.1/0.5 mmol/L) appears to promote the growth of C.acnes while higher doses (1.0 /2.5 mmol/L) are associated with eradication. The procedure is possibly mediated by the activation of antioxidant-related genes and enzyme expression in cells.
Topics: Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Antioxidants; Aminolevulinic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37858910
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103854 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2023Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and...
Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Hahella chejuensis, a marine-derived microorganism, has several biological functions, including antimicrobial activity and inflammatory relief. In this study, the antibacterial activity of prodigiosin against skin microorganisms was explored. Paper disc assay on skin bacterial cells revealed that Cutibacterium acnes related to acne vulgaris highly susceptible to prodigiosin. MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) were determined on Cutibacterium species. The RNA-seq analysis of prodigiosin-treated C. acnes cells was performed to understand the antibacterial mechanism of prodigiosin. Among changes in the expression of hundreds of genes, the expression of a stress-responsive sigma factor encoded by sigB increased. Conversely, the gene expression of cell wall biosynthesis and energy metabolism was inhibited by prodigiosin. Specifically, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of porphyrin, a pro-inflammatory metabolite, was significantly reduced. Therefore, prodigiosin could be used to control C. acnes. Our study provided new insights into the antimicrobial mechanism of prodigiosin against C. acnes strains.
Topics: Humans; Prodigiosin; Transcriptome; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acne Vulgaris; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37833344
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44612-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse...
BACKGROUND
Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected in AD subjects' brains, research has focused on individual pathogens and only a few studies investigated the hypothesis of a bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled the bacterial communities present in non-demented controls and AD subjects' brains.
RESULTS
We obtained postmortem samples from the brains of 32 individual subjects, comprising 16 AD and 16 control age-matched subjects with a total of 130 samples from the frontal and temporal lobes and the entorhinal cortex. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification with Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. We detected bacteria in the brains of both cohorts with the principal bacteria comprising (formerly ) and two species each of and genera. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect differences in relative abundance among AD and control groups. Because of large abundance variances, we also employed a new analysis approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, used in computational linguistics. This allowed us to identify five sample classes, each revealing a different microbiota. Assuming that samples represented infections that began at different times, we ordered these classes in time, finding that the last class exclusively explained the existence or non-existence of AD.
CONCLUSIONS
The AD-related pathogenicity of the brain microbiome seems to be based on a complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed a rise and fall of the abundance of with pathogenicity occurring for an off-peak abundance level in association with at least one other bacterium from a set of genera that included , , , , and . may also be involved with outcompeting the species, which were strongly associated with non-demented brain microbiota, whose early destruction could be the first stage of disease. Our results are also consistent with a leaky blood-brain barrier or lymphatic network that allows bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens to enter the brain.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bayes Theorem; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes; Brain; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37780846
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023The bacteriophage CAP 10-3 forming plaques against Cutibacterium acnes which causes skin acne was previously isolated from human skin acne lesion. Incomplete whole...
The bacteriophage CAP 10-3 forming plaques against Cutibacterium acnes which causes skin acne was previously isolated from human skin acne lesion. Incomplete whole genome sequence (WGS) of the bacteriophage CAP 10-3 was obtained and it had 29,643 bp long nucleotide with 53.86% GC content. The sequence was similar to C. acnes phage PAP 1-1 with a nucleotide sequence identity of 89.63% and the bacteriophage belonged to Pahexavirus. Bioinformatic analysis of the WGS predicted 147 ORFs and functions of 40 CDSs were identified. The predicted endolysin gene of bacteriophage CAP 10-3 was 858 bp long which was deduced as 285 amino acids (~ 31 kDa). The protein had the highest similarity with amino acid sequence of the endolysin from Propionibacterium phage PHL071N05 with 97.20% identity. The CAP 10-3 endolysin gene was amplified by PCR with primer pairs based on the gene sequence, cloned into an expression vector pET-15b and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain. The predicted protein band (~ 33 kDa) for the recombinant endolysin was detected in an SDS-PAGE gel and western blot assay. The concentrated supernatant of cell lysate from E. coli BL21(DE3) (pET-15b_CAP10-3 end) and a partially purified recombinant CAP 10-3 endolysin showed antibacterial activity against C. acnes KCTC 3314 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the recombinant CAP 10-3 endolysin was successfully produced in E. coli strain and it can be considered as a therapeutic agent candidate for treatment of human skin acne.
Topics: Humans; Bacteriophages; Escherichia coli; Endopeptidases; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37777575
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43559-z -
Journal of the European Academy of... Apr 2024Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Traditionally, the primary pathophysiologic factors in acne have been thought to be:... (Review)
Review
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis. Traditionally, the primary pathophysiologic factors in acne have been thought to be: (1) altered sebum production, (2) inflammation, (3) excess keratinization and (4) colonization with the commensal Cutibacterium acnes. However, the role of C. acnes has been unclear, since virtually all adults have C. acnes on their skin yet not all develop acne. In recent years, understanding of the role of C. acnes has expanded. It is still acknowledged to have an important place in acne pathogenesis, but evidence suggests that an imbalance of individual C. acnes phylotypes and an alteration of the skin microbiome trigger acne. In addition, it is now believed that Staphylococcus epidermidis is also an actor in acne development. Together, C. acnes and S. epidermidis maintain and regulate homeostasis of the skin microbiota. Antibiotics, which have long been a staple of acne therapy, induce cutaneous dysbiosis. This finding, together with the long-standing public health edict to spare antibiotic use when possible, highlights the need for a change in acne management strategies. One fertile direction of study for new approaches involves dermocosmetic products that can support epidermal barrier function and have a positive effect on the skin microbiome.
Topics: Humans; Acne Vulgaris; Skin; Microbiota; Dermatitis; Dysbiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 37777343
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19540 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Although dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases worldwide, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, and treatment options are...
Although dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common ocular surface diseases worldwide, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, and treatment options are limited. There is growing evidence that complex interactions between the ocular surface microbiome (OSM) and tear fluid constituents, potentially leading to inflammatory processes, are associated with ocular surface diseases such as DED. In this study, we aimed to find unique compositional and functional features of the OSM associated with human and microbial tear proteins in patients with DED. Applying whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing of forty lid and conjunctival swabs, we identified 229 taxa, with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria being the most abundant phyla and Propionibacterium acnes the dominating species in the cohort. When DED patients were compared to controls, the species Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum was more abundant in conjunctival samples, whereas the family Propionibacteriaceae was more abundant in lid samples. Functional analysis showed that genes of L-lysine biosynthesis, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis, and the super pathway of L-threonine biosynthesis were enriched in conjunctival samples of controls. The relative abundances of Acinetobacter johnsonii correlated with seven human tear proteins, including mucin-16. The three most abundant microbial tear proteins were the chaperone protein DnaK, the arsenical resistance protein ArsH, and helicase. Compositional and functional features of the OSM and the tear proteome are altered in patients with DED. Ultimately, this may help to design novel interventional therapeutics to target DED.
Topics: Humans; Proteome; Eye; Dry Eye Syndromes; Face; Microbiota
PubMed: 37762390
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814091