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EFORT Open Reviews Jul 2024The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcitonin (CT) in animal models of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as new...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of calcitonin (CT) in animal models of experimental osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as new stabilized CT formulations are currently being introduced.
METHODS
A comprehensive and systemic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify articles with original data on CT treatment of preclinical OA and RA. Methodological quality was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool for animal intervention studies. To provide summary estimates of efficacy, a meta-analysis was conducted for outcomes reported in four or more studies, using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were employed to correct for study specifics.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies were ultimately evaluated and data from 16 studies could be analyzed in the meta-analysis, which included the following outcomes: bone mineral density, bone volume, levels of cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen, histopathological arthritis score, and mechanical allodynia. For all considered outcome parameters, CT-treated groups were significantly superior to control groups (P = 0.002; P = 0.01; P < 0.00001; P < 0.00001; P = 0.04). For most outcomes, effect sizes were significantly greater in OA than in RA (P ≤ 0.025). High in-between study heterogeneity was detected.
CONCLUSION
There is preclinical evidence for an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cartilage- and bone-protective effect of CT in RA and OA. Given these effects, CT presents a promising agent for the treatment of both diseases, although the potential seems to be greater in OA.
PubMed: 38949173
DOI: 10.1530/EOR-23-0133 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that can be managed with treatment, but it is challenging to get IBD cured. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that can be managed with treatment, but it is challenging to get IBD cured. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenolic organic compound derived from various plants, has a potential effect on IBD. The current research was set out to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on animal models of IBD. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese databases was performed. The literature search process was completed independently by two people and reviewed by a third person. The risk of bias in the included literature was assessed using the Collaborative Approach to Meta Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Stroke (CAMARADES) 10-point quality checklist. The meta-analysis utilized Review Manager 5.4 software to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol, with histopathological index as the primary outcome measure. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on this indicator. Additionally, meta-analyses were carried out on different outcomes reported in the literature, including final disease activity index, final body weight change, colon length, splenic index, and inflammatory factors. After conducting a thorough literature search and selection process, a total of 28 studies were ultimately included in the analysis. It was found that over half of the selected studies had more than five items with low risk of bias in the bias risk assessment. Relevant datas from included literature indicated that the histopathological index of the resveratrol group was significantly lower than that of the control group (WMD = -2.58 [-3.29, -1.87]). Subgroup analysis revealed that higher doses of resveratrol (>80 mg/kg) had a better efficacy (WMD = -3.47 [-4.97, -1.98]). Furthermore, The data summary and quantitative analysis results of SI and colon length also showed that resveratrol was effective in alleviating intestinal mucosal pathological injury of IBD. In terms of biochemical indicators, the summary analysis revealed that resveratrol affected interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) significantly. These effects may be attributed to the mechanism of resveratrol in regulating immune response and inhibiting oxidative stress. This review suggests that resveratrol demonstrated a notable therapeutic impact in preclinical models of IBD, particularly at doses exceeding 80 mg/kg. This efficacy is attributed to the protective mechanisms targeting the intestinal mucosa involved in the pathogenesis of IBD through various pathways. As a result, resveratrol holds promising prospects for potential clinical use in the future.
PubMed: 38948464
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411566 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024The final decision to fast or not fast for routine lipid profile examination in a standard, healthy population is unclear. Whereas the United States and European... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The final decision to fast or not fast for routine lipid profile examination in a standard, healthy population is unclear. Whereas the United States and European protocols state that fasting for regular lipid analysis is unnecessary, the North American and Chinese guidelines still recommend fasting before routine lipid testing.
AIM
This study aimed to unravel the contradiction between the different protocols of lipid profile testing worldwide and clarify the effect of diet on lipid profile testing only in a regular, healthy population.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted through May 2024. The analyses included studies performed from the date 2000 until now because the contradiction of guidelines for lipid profile testing appeared for the first time in this period. A planned internal validity evaluation was performed using the National Institute of Health (NIH) quality measurement tools for observational cohort, case‒control, controlled interventional, and cross-sectional studies. The data were synthesized according to RevMan 5.3.
RESULTS
Eight studies with a total of 244,665 participants were included. The standardized mean difference in cholesterol in six studies showed significant differences in overall effect among fasting and nonfasting states (P < 0.00001), as did high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.00001). At the same time, with respect to triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there were notable variations in the overall effect between the fasted and nonfasted states (P < 0.00001 and P ≤ 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis concluded that fasting for lipid profile testing is preferred as a conservative model to reduce variability and increase consistency in patients' metabolic status when sampling for lipid testing.
Topics: Humans; Fasting; Triglycerides; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, HDL; Lipids; Female; Male; Adult
PubMed: 38937752
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02169-y -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024Family-centered care (FCC) is a model of care provision that sees a patient's loved ones as essential partners to the health care team and positively influences the...
INTRODUCTION
Family-centered care (FCC) is a model of care provision that sees a patient's loved ones as essential partners to the health care team and positively influences the psychological safety of patients and loved ones.
OBJECTIVES
This review aims to present an overview of impactful publications, authors, institutions, journals, countries, fields of application and trends of FCC in the 21 century as well as suggestions on further research.
METHODS
The Web of Science Database was searched for publications on FCC between January 2000 and Dezember 2023. After screening for duplicates, VOS Viewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze and visualize the data.
RESULTS
Scientific interest in FCC has grown and resulted in the scientific output of 4,836 publications originating from 103 different countries. Based on the frequent author keywords, FCC was of greatest interest in neonatology and pediatrics, nursing, critical and intensive care, end-of-life and palliative care, and patient-related outcomes. The recent research hotspots are "patient engagement," "qualitative study," and "health literacy."
CONCLUSION
FCC has gained recognition and spread from the pediatric to the adult palliative, intensive, end-of-life and geriatric care settings. This is a very reassuring development since adults, especially when older, want and need the assistance of their social support systems. Recent research directions include the involvement of patients in the development of FCC strategies, health literacy interventions and the uptake of telemedicine solutions.
PubMed: 38933103
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1401577 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed medication for depression, has been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for its effectiveness on cognitive symptoms. The aim... (Review)
Review
Fluoxetine, a commonly prescribed medication for depression, has been studied in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients for its effectiveness on cognitive symptoms. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the therapeutic potential of fluoxetine in cognitive decline in AD, focusing on its anti-degenerative mechanisms of action and clinical implications. According to PRISMA, we searched MEDLINE, up to 1 April 2024, for animal and human studies examining the efficacy of fluoxetine with regard to the recovery of cognitive function in AD. Methodological quality was evaluated using the ARRIVE tool for animal AD studies and the Cochrane tool for clinical trials. In total, 22 studies were analyzed (19 animal AD studies and 3 clinical studies). Fluoxetine promoted neurogenesis and enhanced synaptic plasticity in preclinical models of AD, through a decrease in Aβ pathology and increase in BDNF, by activating diverse pathways (such as the DAF-16-mediated, TGF-beta1, ILK-AKT-GSK3beta, and CREB/p-CREB/BDNF). In addition, fluoxetine has anti-inflammatory properties/antioxidant effects via targeting antioxidant Nrf2/HO-1 and hindering TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome. Only three clinical studies showed that fluoxetine ameliorated the cognitive performance of people with AD; however, several methodological issues limited the generalizability of these results. Overall, the high-quality preclinical evidence suggests that fluoxetine may have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in AD animal models. While more high-quality clinical research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, fluoxetine is a promising potential treatment for AD patients. If future clinical trials confirm its anti-degenerative and neuroprotective effects, fluoxetine could offer a new therapeutic approach for slowing down the progression of AD.
Topics: Fluoxetine; Alzheimer Disease; Humans; Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Models, Animal; Neurogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 38928248
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126542 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024is one of the world's leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to... (Review)
Review
is one of the world's leading causes of zoonotic and foodborne illnesses. Recently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the most critical challenges to public health and food safety. Herein, we employed a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence and spatiotemporal distribution of serovars and antimicrobial resistance in NTS in Burkina Faso. To find eligible articles, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, African Journals Online, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the gray literature (university libraries) in Burkina was conducted for the period from 2008 to 2020. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and assessed for risk of bias. To assess the temporal and spatial relationships between serotypes and resistant strains from humans, animals, food, and the environment, a random-effects statistical model meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.0 program. The NTS prevalence rates were 4.6% (95% CI: 3-7) and 20.1% (95% CI: 6.6-47.4) in humans and animals, respectively, and 16.8% (95% CI: 10.5-25.8) and 15.6% (95% CI: 8.2-27.5) in food and the environment, respectively. Most NTS serovars were Derby, reported both in food and animals, and Typhimurium, reported in humans, while Croft II, Jodpur II, and Kentucky were the most prevalent in the environment. NTS isolates were highly resistant to erythromycin, amoxicillin, cefixime, and cephalothin, with a pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance of 29% (95% CI: 14.5-49.5). The results of this review show a high diversity of serotypes, as well as high antibiotic resistance in isolates from animal, human, food, and environmental samples in Burkina, calling for a consolidated "One Health" approach to better understand the drivers of pathogen emergence, spread, and antimicrobial resistance, as well as the formulation of intervention measures needed to limit the risk associated with the disease.
PubMed: 38927222
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060556 -
Clinical and Translational Science Jun 2024For the same age, sex, and dosage, there can be significant variation in fertility outcomes in childhood cancer survivors. Genetics may explain this variation. This...
For the same age, sex, and dosage, there can be significant variation in fertility outcomes in childhood cancer survivors. Genetics may explain this variation. This study aims to: (i) review the genetic contributions to infertility, (ii) search for pharmacogenomic studies looking at interactions of cancer treatment, genetic predisposition and fertility-related outcomes. Systematic searches in MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Classic+Embase, and PubMed were conducted using the following selection criteria: (i) pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors, below 25 years old at the time of diagnosis, (ii) fertility outcome measures after cancer therapy, (iii) genetic considerations. Studies were excluded if they were (i) conducted in animal models, (ii) were not published in English, (iii) editorial letters, (iv) theses. Articles were screened in Covidence by at least two independent reviewers, followed by data extraction and a risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Eight articles were reviewed with a total of 29 genes. Outcome measures included sperm concentration, azoospermia, AMH levels, assessment of premature menopause, ever being pregnant or siring a pregnancy. Three studies included replication cohorts, which attempted replication of SNP findings for NPY2R, BRSK1, FANCI, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2B6. Six studies were rated with a high risk of bias. Differing methods may explain a lack of replication, and small cohorts may have contributed to few significant findings. Larger, prospective longitudinal studies with an unbiased genome-wide focus will be important to replicate significant results, which can be applied clinically.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Cancer Survivors; Fertility; Infertility; Neoplasms; Pharmacogenetics; Pharmacogenomic Testing
PubMed: 38924306
DOI: 10.1111/cts.13827 -
Current Issues in Molecular Biology May 2024Among the pathophysiological correlates of schizophrenia, recent research suggests a potential role for the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has been... (Review)
Review
Is the Hedgehog Pathway Involved in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia? A Systematic Review of Current Evidence of Neural Molecular Correlates and Perspectives on Drug Development.
Among the pathophysiological correlates of schizophrenia, recent research suggests a potential role for the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has been traditionally studied in embryonic development and oncology. Its dysregulation may impact brain homeostasis, neuroplasticity, and potential involvement in neural processes. This systematic review provides an overview of the involvement of Hh signalling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and antipsychotic responses. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed scientific studies focusing on Hh and schizophrenia, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, finally including eight studies, including three articles focused on patients with schizophrenia, two animal models of schizophrenia, two animal embryo studies, and one cellular differentiation study. The Hh pathway is crucial in the development of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, neuroplasticity mechanisms, regulating astrocyte phenotype and function, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, brain glutamatergic neural transmission, and responses to antipsychotics. Overall, results indicate an involvement of Hh in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and antipsychotic responses, although an exiguity of studies characterises the literature. The heterogeneity between animal and human studies is another main limitation. Further research can lead to better comprehension and the development of novel personalised drug treatments and therapeutic interventions.
PubMed: 38920990
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060318 -
Cell Transplantation 2024Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the hopeful treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). Most current studies are in animals, and less in humans,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is one of the hopeful treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI). Most current studies are in animals, and less in humans, and the optimal transplantation strategy for MSCs is still controversial. In this article, we explore the optimal transplantation strategy of MSCs through a network meta-analysis of the effects of MSCs on SCI in animal models. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed) databases were searched by computer for randomized controlled studies on MSCs for SCI. Two investigators independently completed the literature screening and data extraction based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4 software was used to assess the quality of the included literature. Stata 16.0 software was used for standard meta-analysis and network meta-analysis. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for continuous variables to combine the statistics and calculate 95% confidence interval (95% CI). < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Cochrane's test and the value were used to indicate the magnitude of heterogeneity. A random-effects model was used if > 50% and < 0.10 indicated significant heterogeneity between studies, and conversely, a fixed-effects model was used. Evidence network diagrams were drawn based on direct comparisons between various interventions. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve area (SUCRA) was used to predict the ranking of the treatment effects of each intervention. A total of 32 animal studies were included in this article for analysis. The results of the standard meta-analysis showed that MSCs improved motor ability after SCI. The network meta-analysis showed that the best treatment effect was achieved for adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADMSCs) in terms of cell source and intrathecal (IT) in terms of transplantation modality. For transplantation timing, the best treatment effect was achieved when transplantation was performed in the subacute phase. The available literature suggests that IT transplantation using ADMSCs in the subacute phase may be the best transplantation strategy to improve functional impairment after SCI. Future high-quality studies are still needed to further validate the results of this study to ensure the reliability of the results.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rats; Disease Models, Animal; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Network Meta-Analysis; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 38910431
DOI: 10.1177/09636897241262992 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024We conducted a meta-analysis and qualitative review on the randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
We conducted a meta-analysis and qualitative review on the randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and the return of fear in non-primate animals and humans.
METHODS
The meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library and extracting fear response in the active and sham groups in the randomized controlled trials. The pooled effect size was quantified by Hedges' g using a three-level meta-analytic model in R.
RESULTS
We identified 18 articles on the tDCS effect and 5 articles on the TMS effect, with 466 animal subjects and 621 human subjects. Our findings show that tDCS of the prefrontal cortex significantly inhibit fear retrieval in animal models (Hedges' g = -0.50). In human studies, TMS targeting the dorsolateral/ventromedial prefrontal cortex has an inhibiting effect on the return of fear (Hedges' g = -0.24).
LIMITATIONS
The limited number of studies and the heterogeneous designs of the selected studies made cross-study and cross-species comparison difficult.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings shed light on the optimal non-invasive brain stimulation protocols for targeting the neural circuitry of threat extinction in humans.
PubMed: 38908557
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.060